Effective Treatment for Improving the Survival Rate of Raccoon Dogs Infected with Sarcoptes scabiei     

Nobuhide KIDO  Tomoko OMIYA  Chihiro KAMEGAYA  Yuko WADA  Maya TAKAHASHI  Yasuhiko YAMAMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(8):1169-1172

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OPTIMIZED CANINE DENTAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC PROTOCOL IN MEDIUM‐SIZED MESATICEPAHLIC DOGS     

Maya C. Esmans  Jason W. Soukup  Tobias Schwarz 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(5):506-510

The purpose of this study was to develop an optimized imaging protocol for canine dental imaging using single‐detector row CT and multidetector row CT. Two medium‐sized mesaticephalic cadaver dog heads were scanned using varying slice thickness, sequential vs. helical scanning mode, sequential CT table increment, pitch, image reconstruction algorithm, and an additional moderate edge enhancement filter. For each series, two reviewers scored dental roots as not visible (score: 0), partially visible (score: 1) or completely visible (score: 2). Sharpness of the dento‐alveolar margin was scored as blurry (score: 0), sharp (score: 1) or very sharp (score: 2). Consensus reader scores were compared among CT protocols. For single‐detector row CT, complete visualization of all tooth roots was only achieved with 1 mm slice thickness and image interval sequential or helical series (pitch of 1 or 2) using a high‐frequency image reconstruction algorithm with or without additional edge enhancement. For four‐detector row CT, complete visibility of all tooth roots was recorded in all series. For single‐detector row CT, all medium frequency algorithm series yielded blurry margin scores and all other series yielded sharp margin scores. For four‐detector row CT, sequential and helical 0.5 mm thickness images yielded very sharp dento‐alveolar margin scores, whereas the 1 mm series yielded only sharp margin scores. Authors concluded that the optimal dental imaging protocol was a sequential mode 1 mm slice thickness and interval with a high‐frequency image reconstruction algorithm and an additional moderate edge enhancement filter.  相似文献   

Elementary structural motifs in a random network of cytosine adsorbed on a gold(111) surface     

Otero R  Lukas M  Kelly RE  Xu W  Laegsgaard E  Stensgaard I  Kantorovich LN  Besenbacher F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5861):312-315

Nonsymmetrical organic molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces may assemble into random networks, thereby providing model systems for organic glasses that can be directly observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We investigated the structure of a disordered cytosine network on a gold(111) surface created by thermal quenching, to temperatures below 150 K, of the two-dimensional fluid present on the surface at room temperature. Comparison of STM images to density functional theory calculations allowed us to identify three elementary structural motifs (zigzag filaments and five- and six-membered rings) that underlie the whole supramolecular random network. The identification of elementary structural motifs may provide a new framework for understanding medium-range order in amorphous and glassy systems.  相似文献   

Energy conservation through more efficient lighting     

Maya J  Grossman MW  Lagushenko R  Waymouth JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4673):435-436

The efficiency of a mercury-rare gas electrical discharge, which forms the basis of a fluorescent lamp, can be increased about 5 percent simply by increasing the concentration of mercury-196 from 0.146 percent (natural) to about 3 percent. These findings can be implemented immediately without any significant change in the process of manufacturing of this widely used source of illumination, provided that mercury-196 can be obtained economically. The potential energy savings for the United States are estimated to be worth in excess of $200 million per year.  相似文献   

Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with MyD88 deficiency     

von Bernuth H  Picard C  Jin Z  Pankla R  Xiao H  Ku CL  Chrabieh M  Mustapha IB  Ghandil P  Camcioglu Y  Vasconcelos J  Sirvent N  Guedes M  Vitor AB  Herrero-Mata MJ  Aróstegui JI  Rodrigo C  Alsina L  Ruiz-Ortiz E  Juan M  Fortuny C  Yagüe J  Antón J  Pascal M  Chang HH  Janniere L  Rose Y  Garty BZ  Chapel H  Issekutz A  Maródi L  Rodriguez-Gallego C  Banchereau J  Abel L  Li X  Chaussabel D  Puel A  Casanova JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5889):691-696

MyD88 is a key downstream adapter for most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). MyD88 deficiency in mice leads to susceptibility to a broad range of pathogens in experimental settings of infection. We describe a distinct situation in a natural setting of human infection. Nine children with autosomal recessive MyD88 deficiency suffered from life-threatening, often recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease. However, these patients were otherwise healthy, with normal resistance to other microbes. Their clinical status improved with age, but not due to any cellular leakiness in MyD88 deficiency. The MyD88-dependent TLRs and IL-1Rs are therefore essential for protective immunity to a small number of pyogenic bacteria, but redundant for host defense to most natural infections.  相似文献   

Glia are essential for sensory organ function in C. elegans     

Bacaj T  Tevlin M  Lu Y  Shaham S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5902):744-747

Sensory organs are composed of neurons, which convert environmental stimuli to electrical signals, and glia-like cells, whose functions are not well understood. To decipher glial roles in sensory organs, we ablated the sheath glial cell of the major sensory organ of Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that glia-ablated animals exhibit profound sensory deficits and that glia provide activities that affect neuronal morphology, behavior generation, and neuronal uptake of lipophilic dyes. To understand the molecular bases of these activities, we identified 298 genes whose messenger RNAs are glia-enriched. One gene, fig-1, encodes a labile protein with conserved thrombospondin TSP1 domains. FIG-1 protein functions extracellularly, is essential for neuronal dye uptake, and also affects behavior. Our results suggest that glia are required for multiple aspects of sensory organ function.  相似文献   

Identification of potential drugs for treatment of hepatic lipidosis in cats using an in vitro feline liver organoid system     

Maya W. Haaker  Hedwig S. Kruitwagen  Arie B. Vaandrager  Martin Houweling  Louis C. Penning  Martijn R. Molenaar  Monique E. van Wolferen  Loes A. Oosterhoff  Bart Spee  J. Bernd Helms 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(1):132-138

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Biocontrol of soil diseases and soil profile associated with rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa Subsp. Japonica) growing paddy fields in Kansai region,Japan     

Hosne Ara Dilzahan  Masaaki Yoshida  Maya Umeda  Michelle Ann Calubaquib  Nolissa Delmo Organo  Andre Freire Cruz 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2020,70(5):444-455

ABSTRACT

This research focused on in vitro and in vivo biocontrol of two major rice diseases, Bacterial Leaf Blight caused by Xanthomonus oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) and Sheath Blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, the soil of paddy fields in Kansai region, Japan was analysed for the presence of these pathogens, and their microbial communities were evaluated according to the location and management systems. For biocontrol, the rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and molecularly identified. The results indicated that DAR17225040 and DAR17225017 were 99% similar to Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus megaterium. The isolated bacteria were able to suppress Bacterial Leaf Blight and Sheath Blight disease 78% and 86% respectively, under greenhouse conditions. The 16S amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq 250bp) was used to analyse the bacterial community in paddy fields of soil taken from five locations under conventional and organic systems. Xoo and R. solani were detected in sampled soil, however, no clear difference was noted, regarding systems. From amplicon sequencing data, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes were the dominant phyla of rice soil in Kansai region. The phylum Kazan-3B-28 was found more in organic system than conventional. The bacterial community was more affected by location and soil type than by management systems.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in living raccoon dogs assessed by hematological examination     

Kido N  Wada Y  Takahashi M  Kamegaya C  Omiya T  Yamamoto Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(6):845-847

The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in free-ranging raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) was examined in the southeast region of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, using a rapid immunomigration (RIM) test kit. Between April 2007 and March 2010, we examined 108 raccoon dogs rescued and housed by the Kanazawa Zoological Garden. D. immitis infection was found in 8 (7.4%) raccoon dogs. This is the first report to reveal the prevalence of D. immitis infection in living raccoon dogs. The prevalence of the infection was lower than previously reported values obtained on postmortem examination. One reason might be that the present study included young raccoon dogs infected with immature worms. Significant high-risk areas of D. immitis infection in the raccoon dogs were not observed.  相似文献   

Fracture propagation to the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet during supraglacial lake drainage   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Das SB  Joughin I  Behn MD  Howat IM  King MA  Lizarralde D  Bhatia MP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):778-781

Surface meltwater that reaches the base of an ice sheet creates a mechanism for the rapid response of ice flow to climate change. The process whereby such a pathway is created through thick, cold ice has not, however, been previously observed. We describe the rapid (<2 hours) drainage of a large supraglacial lake down 980 meters through to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet initiated by water-driven fracture propagation evolving into moulin flow. Drainage coincided with increased seismicity, transient acceleration, ice-sheet uplift, and horizontal displacement. Subsidence and deceleration occurred over the subsequent 24 hours. The short-lived dynamic response suggests that an efficient drainage system dispersed the meltwater subglacially. The integrated effect of multiple lake drainages could explain the observed net regional summer ice speedup.  相似文献