Comment on "A comparison of persistent anthelmintic efficacy of topical formulations of doramectin,eprinomectin, ivermectin and moxidectin against naturally acquired nematode infections of beef calves" and problems associated with mechanical transfer (licking) of endectocides in cattle     

Barber S  Alvinerie M 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,112(3):255-257

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Efficacy of injectable and pour-on microdose ivermectin in the treatment of goat warble fly infestation by Przhevalskiana silenus (Diptera, Oestridae)     

Giangaspero A  Alvinerie M  Traversa D  Paoletti B  Lespine A  Otranto D  Boulard C 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,116(4):333-343

The prophylactic efficacy of microdoses of injectable and pour-on ivermectin formulations against larval stages of Przhevalskiana silenus was assessed in naturally infected goats in the region of Calabria (southern Italy).Sixty-eight goats from two goat farms were divided into five groups: one group remained untreated, while the other four groups were treated with microdoses of ivermectin (5 and 10 microg/kg injectable formulation and 10 and 20 microg/kg pour-on formulation).The microdoses of ivermectin were fully effective in the treatment of goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) as no larvae emerged from the warbles in the treated groups, while all the larvae emerged in the control groups. Irrespective of the type of formulation used, the difference between the treated groups and the control group was statistically significant (P< 0.001). By contrast, no statistical differences were found between the goats treated with the injectable formulation and those receiving the pour-on applications, and between the two doses of the injectable and pour-on formulations used. Given the plasma concentrations it attains at its lowest dose (0.052 - 0.042 ng/ml for the injectable formulation and 0.030 ng/ml for the pour-on) the injectable formulation seems to offer the most reliable route for the administration of ivermectin microdoses and it is acceptable for milk consumption. The introduction of ivermectin in the early eighties and the use of microdoses in some cases have made it possible to control cattle hypodermosis in large areas of Europe. As with cattle hypodermosis, the administration of ivermectin microdoses in goats is particularly interesting because of the low costs involved and the low levels of residues found in goat milk; it may thus constitute the basis for GWFI control campaigns in areas where the disease is prevalent.  相似文献   

Effect of short-chain fatty acids on contraction of smooth muscle in the canine colon     

Mcmanus CM  Michel KE  Simon DM  Washabau RJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(2):295-300

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on canine colonic smooth muscle. SAMPLE POPULATION: Colonic tissue obtained from 14 healthy dogs. PROCEDURE: Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; acetate, propionate, and butyrate; 1 to 100 mmol/L)-induced contractions were compared with responses obtained with acetylmethylcholine (AMCh; 10(-4) mol/L). Roles of enteric neurons, cholinergic receptors, calcium stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and extracellular calcium in the SCFA-induced responses were investigated by incubating muscle strips with tetrodotoxin (1 micromol/L), atropine (1 micromol/L), ryanodine (10 micromol/L), nifedipine (1 micromol/L), ethylene glycol-bis (beta-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetate (EGTA; 0.1 mmol/L), or an extracellular calcium-depleted (zero extracellular calcium) solution prior to the addition of propionate or butyrate. RESULTS: Incubation with SCFA elicited isometric stress responses (0.25 to 2.15 x 10(4) N/m2) in colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Maximal responses to butyrate and propionate (50 mmol/L) were 37 and 23%, respectively, of the maximal AMCh response. Acetate was least effective in stimulating contractile responses. Tetrodotoxin and atropine did not affect SCFA-induced contractions. Nifedipine and zero extracellular calcium solution abolished responses to butyrate and propionate, whereas EGTA attenuated (> 60%) but did not abolish those responses. Ryanodine did not affect SCFA-induced contractile responses. The SCFA did not affect colonic circular smooth muscle. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RESPONSE: The SCFA stimulate longitudinal but not circular colonic smooth muscle contractions via a direct effect on smooth muscle. The mechanism of the SCFA effect appears to involve the influx of extracellular calcium. These findings may account for some of the effects of fiber on canine colonic motility [corrected].  相似文献   

Comparison of two direct bioassays using 3-week-old broilers to measure the metabolisable energy of diets containing cereals high in fibre: differences between true and apparent metabolisable energy values     

Francesch M  Bernard K  McNab JM 《British poultry science》2002,43(4):580-587

1. Nitrogen-corrected apparent and true metabolisable energy contents (AMEN and TMEN) of 12 diets, containing different amounts of maize, wheat, barley and rye, barley with beta-glucanase and maize with 0.05 g/kg guar gum were measured using 3-week-old male broilers. 2. The AMEN method involved: 4 d of dietary adaptation, 24 h of starvation, 54 h of ad libitum feeding, 24 h of starvation and daily total droppings collection. TMEN was measured after a 48 h starvation period followed by 2 d of tube-feeding two doses of 15 g of the diets and quantitatively collecting all the droppings after 48 h of starvation. The endogenous energy losses (EELN) were measured after tube-feeding 8 chickens with 30 g of glucose, also over 2 d. 3. The results show that a significant interaction exists between the nature of the diets and the method used to measure metabolisable energy. Differences between TMEN and AMEN values ranged from 1.03 to 1.98 MJ/kg dry matter. These differences were positively correlated with the total pentosan contents of the diet (r = 0.94), the natural logarithm of the viscosities of the water extracts (r = 0.87), the sum of the contents of total pentosans and total beta-glucan (r = 0.85), the calculated total non-starch polysaccharide contents (r = 0.79), the neutral detergent fibre contents (r = 0.76) and the total beta-glucan contents (r = 0.70). Furthermore, a significant interaction was found between diets and the method used to derive lipid digestibility. The differences between apparent and true lipid digestibility ranged from 0.05 percentage points for the wheat diet to 0.20 percentage points for the rye diet. 4. From the results of this trial, it appears that TMEN overestimates the energy value of high fibre diets.  相似文献   

Effect of immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporine on pancreatic beta cell function in pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dean SK  Scott H  Keogh GW  Roberts S  Tuch BE 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1501-1506

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporine (CsA) have an adverse effect on the liver, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells of pigs. ANIMALS: 8 juvenile 8-week-old Landrace X Large White crossbred pigs. PROCEDURE: CsA (100 to 140 mg/kg) was administered orally to euglycemic pigs to reach whole blood trough concentrations of approximately 1500 ng/mL. To determine pancreatic beta cell function, plasma C-peptide and insulin concentrations were measured in response to i.v. administration of glucose, glucagon, arginine, and oral administration of glucose. Effects on liver and kidney were determined by monitoring serum measurements of liver function and serum creatinine concentrations, respectively. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of C-peptide were significantly lower in euglycemic CsA-treated pigs, compared with control pigs, following i.v. administration of glucose, glucagon, arginine, and oral administration of glucose. Furthermore, the glucose clearance rate was decreased in euglycemic CsA-treated pigs, compared with control pigs. Serum creatinine concentrations and 4 of 7 serum measurements of liver function were not adversely affected by CsA administration. Serum concentrations of bilirubin and albumin were significantly increased, and serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly decreased in CsA-treated pigs, compared with control pigs. Histologic evaluation of liver and kidney sections revealed no pathologic findings in CsA-treated or control pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In our study, immunosuppressive doses of CsA caused an impairment of porcine pancreatic beta cell function, but did not have toxic effects on the kidney. However, on the basis of changes in serum bilirubin and albumin concentrations and alanine aminotransferase activity, subclinical toxic effects on the liver did occur when immunosuppressive doses of CsA were administered.  相似文献   

Comparison of hematologic and biochemical values for blood samples obtained via jugular venipuncture and via vascular access ports in cats     

Henry CJ  Russell LE  Tyler JW  Buss MS  Seguin B  Cambridge AJ  Moore ME 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(4):482-485

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hematologic and serum biochemical values for blood samples obtained from cats via vascular access ports (VAP) are comparable to those for samples obtained by direct venipuncture. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 14 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: A VAP was surgically implanted in a jugular vein in each cat. Blood samples were obtained from the VAP and by direct venipuncture of the contralateral jugular vein 10 weeks after VAP placement. Results of hematologic and serum biochemical analyses were compared by use of a paired t-test. The Pvalue to reject the null hypothesis was adjusted to account for multiple comparisons by using the Bonferroni procedure in which the nominal P-to-reject value is divided by the number of comparisons (0.05/24 = 0.002). RESULTS: Paired samples (VAP and venipuncture) obtained 10 weeks after VAP placement were evaluated for each cat. Of the 24 measured analytes, only potassium, total protein, and albumin concentrations differed significantly (P< 0.001 for all 3) between VAP and venipuncture samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that samples obtained from VAP are suitable for routine hematologic monitoring of feline cancer patients. Sample hemolysis may account for a slight increase in potassium, total protein, and albumin concentrations obtained from VAP samples. However, the values of variables most critical for monitoring of patients receiving chemotherapy (ie, mature neutrophil and platelet counts) are comparable. If proper techniques are used, VAP may be used for administration of chemotherapy as well as for blood collection in cats undergoing cancer treatment.  相似文献   

An ethicist's commentary on extra-label drug use          下载免费PDF全文

Rollin BE 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(10):749-750

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An ethicist's commentary on the mishandling of an injured animal by a raptor rehabilitation facility          下载免费PDF全文

Rollin BE 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(9):666-667

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An ethicist's commentary on the cloning the horse case          下载免费PDF全文

Rollin BE 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(1):6-7

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The gamma-interferon test: its usefulness in a bovine tuberculosis survey in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park     

Grobler DG  Michel AL  De Klerk LM  Bengis RG 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2002,69(3):221-227

A survey to determine the bovine tuberculosis status of buffalo herds north of the Olifants River in the Kruger National Park was conducted, using a new diagnostic approach. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection was accomplished using the gamma-interferon assay technique in 608 adult buffaloes out of a total of 29 discreet herds. The animals were immobilized in groups of 10-15, bled, individually marked and then revived and released on site. As soon as test results were available (after 26-36 h), the same buffalo herd was relocated by tracking the frequency of a radio-collar previously fitted to one adult cow per group during the initial operation. Bovine reactors were identified, darted and euthanased from the helicopter. Necropsy and culture findings of all culled buffaloes showed excellent correlation with the results of the ante-mortem gamma-interferon test. The survey revealed that over and above the two positive herds that had been identified during a previous survey carried out in 1996, there were three additional, but previously unidentified, infected herds in the region north of the Olifants River.  相似文献