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61.
62.
Djabbar Hariri Michel Meyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(1):1-10
In April 2001, stunted barley plants bearing mosaic symptoms were observed in a field in France (Marne Department, 51). Rod-shaped
and flexuous particles were visualized by electron microscopy and positive serological reactions were detected by ELISA with
Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) polyclonal antisera. The tubular virus which was soil transmissible to barley cv. Esterel was separated from BaYMV
by serial mechanical inoculations to barley cv. Esterel. This furo-like virus, in contrast to a French isolate of SBCMV, could
be transmitted to Hordeum vulgare, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium. RT-PCR was used to amplify the 3′-terminal 1500 nucleotides of RNA1 and the almost complete sequence of RNA2. Nucleotide
and amino acid sequence analyses revealed that the French virus infecting barley is closely related to a Japanese isolate
of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV-JT) which was originally isolated from barley. This French isolate was named SBWMV-Mar. The 3′ UTRs of both RNAs can
be folded into tRNA-like structures which are preceded by a predicted upstream pseudoknot domain with seven and four pseudoknots
for RNA1 and RNA2, respectively. The four pseudoknots strongly conserved in RNAs 1 and 2 of SBWMV-Mar show strong similarities
to those described earlier in SBWMV RNA2 and were also found in the 3′ UTR of Oat golden stripe virus RNAs 1 and 2 and Chinese wheat mosaic virus RNA2. Sequence analyses revealed that the RNAs 2 of SBWMV-Mar and -JT are likely
to be the product of a recombination event between the 3′ UTRs of the RNAs 2 of SBWMV and SBCMV. This is the first report
of the occurrence of an isolate closely related to SBWMV-JT outside of Japan. 相似文献
63.
Anne Moussart Caroline Onfroy Angelique Lesne Magali Esquibet Eric Grenier Bernard Tivoli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(1):57-69
Ditylenchus dipsaci, the stem nematode of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Mycosphaerella pinodes, cause of Ascochyta blight in pea (Pisum sativum) and Aphanomyces euteiches, cause of pea root rot, result in major yield losses in French alfalfa and pea crops. These diseases are difficult to control
and the partial resistances currently available are not effective enough. Medicago truncatula, the barrel medic, is the legume model for genetic studies, which should lead to the identification and characterization
of new resistance genes for pathogens. We evaluated a collection of 34 accessions of M. truncatula and nine accessions from three other species (two from M. italica, six from M. littoralis and one from M. polymorpha) for resistance to these three major diseases. We developed screening tests, including standard host references, for each
pathogen. Most of the accessions tested were resistant to D. dipsaci, with only three accessions classified as susceptible. A very high level of resistance to M. pinodes was observed among the accessions, none of which was susceptible to this pathogen. Conversely, a high level of variation,
from resistant to susceptible accessions, was identified in response to infection by A. euteiches. 相似文献
64.
65.
Variability in conspecific predation among longnose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox in the western Indian Ocean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Evgeny V Romanov Frédéric Ménard Veniamin V Zamorov Michel Potier 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):62-68
ABSTRACT: Conspecific predation among longnose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox was investigated in four spatio-temporal strata of the western Indian Ocean. The cannibalism level varied from 0 to 45.5% by frequency of occurrence and was negatively related with abundance of non-evasive prey (such as crustaceans Charybdis smithii and Natosquilla investigatoris ) and foraging success. Predation by lancetfish is often described as a non-selective process, constrained by local prey availability and by its feeding speed during an attack of prey. Our results show that lancetfish may adapt its opportunistic foraging behavior, feeding on non-conspecific abundant prey such as crustaceans when available, and switching to a high level of conspecific predation in poor waters. 相似文献
66.
A variety of drugs may cause thrombocytopenia. Although it occurs more often than drug-induced anemia it is less well understood because techniques for studying drug-platelet-immune interactions have been unavailable until recently. The mechanisms by which drugs cause thrombocytopenia are varied. Bone marrow suppression or increased peripheral destruction of platelets could be involved. Nonimmunologic as well as immunologic mechanisms may also occur. These different mechanisms of drug-induced thrombocytopenia are reveiwed. Diagnostic methods and treatment are also summarized. 相似文献
67.
S Bernard J Shirai I Lantier E Bottreau J M Aynaud 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1990,24(1):37-47
Piglets of eight sows vaccinated by different routes with the attenuated TGE mutant coronavirus, Nouzilly (N) strain, and piglets from two field seropositive sows were challenged with a virulent TGE strain. On the day of challenge and 10 days after challenge, milk and serum samples from sows were analysed for their level of neutralizing antibodies, total immunoglobulin classes and TGE antibody classes by an ELISA. No direct relationship was seen between the level of protection of the litters and the titres of the different antibody classes on the day of challenge. However, an inverse correlation was seen 10 days after challenge between protection and the level of TGE antibodies. 相似文献
68.
Amblypygi are tropical and subtropical ambush predators that use elongated, raptorial pedipalps for different activities. Although pedipalp use in predation and courtship has been explored in videography in vivo analyses, kinematic ex vivo examination of these appendages has not been conducted. Here, we rectify this lack of data by using micro-CT scans to 3D-kinematically model the appendage morphology and the range of motion (ROM) of the joints for Damon medius and Heterophrynus elaphus. We illustrate the successful application of this technique to terrestrial euarthropods in determining the maximum ROM values for each pedipalp joint. We also note that, in life, these values would be lower due to motion restricting structures like tendons, arthrodial membranes, and muscles. We further compare our maximum values obtained here with data from video-based motion analyses. The ROM of each joint shows the greatest flexibility in the femur-tibia joint (140–150°), the lowest in the basitarsus-claw joint (35–40°). ROM in the tibia-basitarsus joint is markedly distinct (D. medius: 44°; H. elaphus: 105°). This disparity reflects how H. elaphus uses the joint in the capture basket, while D. medius uses the femur-tibia joint to form the capture basket. We further illustrate notable vertical motion of the H. elaphus pedipalp compared to D. medius. This difference reflects the retro-ventral trochanter apophysis of H. elaphus. Our study opens the possibility to further whip spider kinematic understanding. Examination of other taxa using this approach will result in a more comprehensive understanding of the ecological significance and ethological implications of this unique arachnid group. 相似文献
69.
70.
Medium density fibreboard (MDF) was produced from fibres treated with maleated polypropylene wax. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of fibre treatment with maleated polypropylene wax on the advancing and receding contact angle and wicking of MDF panels by the Wilhelmy plate method; to verify the chemical reactions occurring between fibres and maleated polypropylene wax by infrared spectroscopy, and to verify if there are relationships with the water absorption of panels. Three maleated polypropylene wax contents (0, 3, 5%) and two resin types (urea–formaldehyde, UF and melamine–urea–formaldehyde, MUF) were considered in this study. Our results showed that the treatment increased the advancing contact angle of panels bonded with UF resin. The receding contact angles of MDF panels produced from treated fibres with 5% maleated polypropylene wax content were also increased by the treatment. Also, the wicking was reduced by the treatment independent of the maleated polypropylene wax content. Reductions of the wicking were 59% for panels bonded with UF resin and 73% for panels bonded with MUF. Relationships between the wicking and water absorption were observed. Chemical analysis realized by infrared spectroscopy did not detect the presence of an esterification reaction between wood fibres and anhydride groups of the maleated polypropylene wax. This suggests, therefore, that an esterification reaction did not take place or that chemical modifications were so small that they are not visible by infrared spectroscopy. 相似文献