Dual origin of the cultivated rice based on molecular markers of newly collected annual and perennial strains of wild rice species, Oryza nivara and O. rufipogon     

Shinsuke Yamanaka  Ikuo Nakamura  Hirokazu Nakai  Yo-Ichiro Sato 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(5):529-538

The direct ancestor of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is believed to be AA genome wild relatives of rice in Asia. However, the AA genome wild relatives involve both annual and perennial forms. The distribution of the retrotransposon p-SINE1-r2, a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) at the waxy locus was analyzed in diverse accessions of the AA genome wild relatives of rice (O. rufipogon sensu lato). Most annual wild rice accessions had this retrotransposon, while most perennial types lacked this element, contradicting results to the previous studies. Results presented here suggest that O. sativa has dual origin that lead to indica-japonica differentiation. Results suggest the indica line of rice varieties evolved from the annual genepool of AA genome and the japonica varieties from the perennial genepool of AA genome wild rice.  相似文献   

2,4-Nonadienal and benzaldehyde bioantimutagens in Fushimi sweet pepper (Fushimi-togarashi)     

Nakamura Y  Suganuma E  Matsuo T  Okamoto S  Sato K  Ohtsuki K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(2):544-549

Fushimi sweet pepper, "Fushimi-togarashi", is one of the "Kyo-yasai", traditional vegetables, in Kyoto, Japan. The chloroform fraction of Fushimi sweet pepper showed bioantimutagenicity on UV induced mutation in Escherichia coli B/r WP2. The bioantimutagen was purified with silica gel chromatography and identified as 2, 4-nonadienal (ID(50) = 20 microg/plate) on the basis of GC retention time and EI-MS spectrum of authentic 2,4-nonadienal. The sweet pepper also contained a known bioantimutagen, benzaldehyde (ID(50) = 2 mg/plate). Additive bioantimutagenicity was also observed by 2, 4-nonadienal with benzaldehyde. 2,4-Nonadienal did not show bioantimutagenicity in an UV excision repair deficient strain, E. coli B/r WP2s uvrA(-)(). Furthermore no delay of the first cell division after UV irradiation was observed in E. coli B/r WP2. These results indicate that the bioantimutagenic activity of 2, 4-nonadienal on UV mutagenesis might depend on the excision repair system in E. coli B/r WP2.  相似文献   

Characteristics of fertilizer uptake and biodistribution in strawberry plants in two Japanese cultivars in hydroponic culture     

Atsushi Ikegaya  Tomoaki Kawata  Toru Ikari  Yuji Emoto  Yosuke Sato  Takashi Takeuchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(3):449-457

ABSTRACT

The fertilizer absorption characteristics of strawberries are not clear, although appropriate fertilization is definitely necessary to ensure produce quality and quantity. This study aimed to determine the amounts of macro- and micronutrients absorbed during cultivation of strawberries and their biodistribution and utilization in the plant body. We cultivated Japanese strawberries ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Kirapika’ in small hydroponic equipment containing a nutrient solution and determined the amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, and Mo absorbed during and at the end of cultivation. The results revealed the adsorption levels of these elements during the cultivation period. The nutrient concentrations varied greatly among plant organs. In particular, P and B accumulated at high levels in the leaves and stem, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu accumulated in the crown, and N, Fe, and Mo accumulated in the roots. In addition, the uptake levels of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu differed between Benihoppe and Kirapika. Our results provide useful information for determining fertilizer application rates in strawberry cultivation.  相似文献   

Analysis of strigolactones,germination stimulants for striga and orobanche,by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry     

Sato D  Awad AA  Chae SH  Yokota T  Sugimoto Y  Takeuchi Y  Yoneyama K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1162-1168

A simple and rapid analytical method for strigolactones, germination stimulants for the root parasitic weeds witchweed (Striga spp.) and broomrape (Orobanche spp.), has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography connected to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The natural strigolactones (strigol, sorgolactone, orobanchol, and alectrol) were clearly separated and identified by LC/MS/MS. As low as 0.1 pg/microL of strigol and 0.5 pg/microL of sorgolactone could be quantified, whereas 1 pg/microL was needed for the quantification of orobanchol (S/N > 10). Using this method, it was found that red clover produces orobanchol and alectrol but not strigol. The roots of red clover seedlings were found to produce 13, 70, 58, and 65 pg of orobanchol/plant 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after germination, respectively.  相似文献   

Acidity neutralization mechanism in a forested watershed in Central Japan     

Kazuo Sato  Akira Takahashi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,88(3-4):313-329

The contributions of cation exchange and mineral weathering to the neutralization of acidity in the Jingahata watershed in central Japan were estimated through a laboratory weathering experiment and runoff chemistry measurements. The laboratory experiment was conducted in a stirred-flow reactor for a whole soil sample collected from the C horizon in the watershed. The concentration ratios of base cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺) to Si (BC/Si) released during the steady-state stage of the laboratory experiment were in good agreement with the ratios of the net flux of base cations to the flux of Si in the streamwater (BC _{N ET}/Si _L).This result suggests that the acidity in the watershed is neutralized primarily by mineral weathering without causing a net loss of base cations from exchange sites. The alkalinity/acidity balance estimated for the watershed shows that the total weathering rate of base cations is approximately 3.26 keq ha^?1 yr^?1. Weathering of plagioclase (An₄₁) contributes 83% of the total weathering rate. The dominant acidity source is CO₂ released within the soil horizons, accounting for roughly 85% of the total acidity flux (3.20 keq ha^?1 yr^?1). This high internal production of acidity suppresses the relative importance of atmospheric acidity inputs (0.3 keq ha^?1 yr^?1).  相似文献   

Characteristics of Surface Sediments along a Creek in a Mangrove Forest     

Kazutoshi Kinjo  Yoshihiro Tokashiki  Kazuhiro Sato  Makoto Kitou  Moritaka Shimo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(6):809-817

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Genetic Erosion from Modern Varieties into Traditional Upland Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in Northern Thailand     

R. Ishikawa  S. Yamanaka  Y. Fukuta  S. Chitrakon  C. Bounphanousay  K. Kanyavong  L.-H. Tang  I. Nakamura  T. Sato  Y.-I. Sato 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):245-252

The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of genetic erosion of traditional upland germplasm in northern Thailand as a result of gene-flow from distinct strains carrying different genotypes. Even modern variety specific markers have not been developed, there is a comparative population in Laos. Thus, both populations were compared with various characters to evaluate gene-flow from modern variety to landraces. Glutinous and glabrous strains are predominated in Laos. However, such strains were drastically decreased in north–east Thailand. Gene diversity is higher in Thailand, compared to Laos at seven isozyme loci. This was a result of the higher frequencies of Indica strains and heterozygotes in Thailand. Plastid type was also determined by using an INDEL marker. Nearly half of Indica strains carried the Japonica plastid. Heterozygotes also tended to carry Japonica cytoplasm. Such nuclear–cytoplasm substituted strains and heterozygotes were probably generated by natural hybridization. Japonica strains tended to be a maternal donor rather than Indica ones. Or Indica strains would easily release pollens, which grow outside of upland fields.  相似文献   

Differentiation-inducing effects of small fruit juices on HL-60 leukemic cells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshizawa Y  Kawaii S  Urashima M  Fukase T  Sato T  Murofushi N  Nishimura H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(8):3177-3182

Epidemiological studies indicate that high intakes of fruits and vegetables are associated with a reduced risk of cancer, and several plant-derived drugs have been developed in medical oncology. Since only a small part of the flora has been tested for any kind of bioactivity, we chose small fruits as sources of differentiation-inducing activity against HL-60 leukemic cells. We have prepared juices from various small fruits that grow mainly in the northern part of Japan. Screening of 43 samples indicated that juices of Actinidia polygama Maxim., Rosa rugosa Thunb., Vaccinium smallii A. Gray, and Sorbus sambucifolia Roem. strongly induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to monocyte/macrophage characteristics in a concentration-dependent manner as indicated by histochemical and biochemical examinations.  相似文献   

Inhibitors of bovine parvovirus,coronavirus and rotavirus in precolostral and fetal bovine sera     

S. Tokuhisa  Y. Inaba  K. Sato  Y. Miura  H. Akashi  K. Satoda  M. Matumoto 《Veterinary microbiology》1981,6(2):143-155

Eleven, 11 and 2 of 11 precolostral sera from normal calves and 13, 14 and 9 of 14 sera from normal fetuses, 7 to 10 months of gestation, neutralized bovine parvovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus, respectively.When assayed by single radial immunodiffusion, all the sera contained IgG at 360 to 1400 mg/dl, and some of them had much smaller amounts of IgM or IgA. Most of the neutralizing activities against bovine coronavirus and rotavirus were readily inactivated by treatment with acetone or 2-mercaptoethanol. Some sera fractionated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration or starch block electrophoresis had neutralizing activities against bovine parvovirus or coronavirus in fractions containing no detectable amounts of immunoglobulins. These observations seem to indicate the presence of substance(s), other than immunoglobulins, capable of inhibiting replication of bovine parvovirus, coronavirus or rotavirus. The chemical nature and the mode of action of the inhibitors await elucidation.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal clustering of Salmonella serotypes isolated from adult diarrheic dairy cattle in California.     

K Sato  T E Carpenter  J T Case  R L Walker 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(3):206-212

Electronic records from the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System between January 1, 1991, and June 30, 1998, were reviewed, and data on 593 Salmonella serotypes isolated from feces or intestinal contents of adult dairy cattle with diarrhea were analyzed to determine spatial and temporal clustering. A statistically significant clustering in space was detected with 10 (Typhimurium, Montevideo, Muenster, Anatum, Give, Menhaden, Kentucky, Agona, Derby, and Newport) of the 13 serotypes examined. Significant temporal clustering was also detected with 10 serotypes (Typhimurium, Montevideo, Muenster, Anatum, Give, Newbrunswick, Menhaden, Kentucky, Derby, and Newport). Six serotypes (Anatum, Menhaden, Montevideo, Muenster, Newbrunswick, and Newport) were significantly spatially and temporally clustered. A difference in temporal and spatial distribution patterns of some serotypes associated with diarrhea in adult dairy in California was found. Knowledge of the specific type of clustering, if present, should improve our understanding of the transmission and control of salmonellosis in the field.  相似文献