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991.
Zahra Khanmohammadi Majid Afyuni Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(2):198-212
Little information is available regarding the effect of sewage sludge biochar on soil properties and crop yield. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge (S) and its biochar (B) on maize shoot yield, nutrients and heavy metals uptake in two calcareous soils. The amendments were applied at the rates of 0, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha?1. Moreover, NK treatment was included to compare the effects of S and B with conventional fertilization. At harvest time, plant shoots and soil samples were collected for yield, nutrients uptake and chemical analyses. The highest shoot dry matter was obtained in the S treatment. The B application in the clay loam and loam soils resulted in 5.2% increment and 17.7% decrement of shoot dry matter relative to the control, respectively. Shoot dry matter in the NK treatment was significantly higher than in the control. B application decreased Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb uptake by maize shoot. DTPA-extractable Pb in B-amended soils was lower than in control, while an inverse trend was obtained for available Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. Biochar application at the rate of 7.3 Mg ha?1 might be suggested for maize cultivation in clay loam soils. 相似文献
992.
Parvaiz Ahmad Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni Leonard Wijaya Pravej Alam Mohammad Abass Ahanger Saud A. Alamri 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(13):1889-1899
We examined the role of jasmonic acid (JA) in faba bean under cadmium (Cd) stress, which reduces the growth, biomass yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and pigment systems. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) levels increased by 2.78 and 2.24-fold, respectively, in plants under Cd stress, resulting in enhanced electrolyte leakage. Following foliar application to Cd-treated plants, JA restored growth, biomass yield, LRWC and pigment systems to appreciable levels and reduced levels of H2O2, MDA and electrolyte leakage. Proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased by 5.73 and 2.61-fold, respectively, in faba bean under Cd stress, with even higher concentrations observed following JA application to Cd-stressed plants. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels rose by 87.47%, 130.54%, 132.55% and 37.79%, respectively, with Cd toxicity, with further enhancement of antioxidant activities observed following foliar application of JA. Accumulation of Cd in roots, shoots and leaves was also minimized by external supplementation of JA. In conclusion, JA mitigates the negative impacts of Cd stress in faba bean plants by inhibiting the accumulation of Cd, H2O2 and MDA, and by enhancing osmolyte and antioxidant activities that reduce oxidative stress. 相似文献
993.
Marziyeh Aghazadeh Mohammad Samiei Vahideh Raeisdasteh Hokmabad Effat Alizadeh Neda Jabbari Alexander Seifalian Roya Salehi 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(11):2245-2253
Presently, tissue engineering is employed in the restoration and repair of tissue defects. Degradable scaffolds, stem cells and stimulating factors are employed in this method. In this study, the effect of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA) on proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) seeded on PLLA-PCL nanofibrous scaffolds was evaluated. For this aim, PLLA-PCL-HA nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated using electrospinning method. FE-SEM images exhibited that all nanofibers had bead-free morphologies with average diameters ranging from 150–205 nm. Human DPSCs seeded into PLLA-PCL nanofibers were treated with MSH. Cell viability, proliferation, morphology, osteogenic potential, and the expression of tissue-specific genes were assessed by means of MTT assay, FE-SEM, alizarin red S staining, and RT-PCR analysis. hDPSCs exhibited improved adhesion and proliferation capacity on the PLLA-PCL-HA nanofibers treated with MSH compared to other groups (p<0.05). Additionally, PLLA-PCL-HA nanofibers treated with MSH exhibited significantly higher mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity than other groups. RT-PCR results confirmed that PLLA-PCL-HA nanofibers enriched with MSH could significantly unregulated the gene expression of BMP2, osteocalcin, RUNX2 and DSPP that correlated to osteogenic differentiation (p<0.05). Based on results, incorporation of HA nanoparticles in PLLA-PCL nanofibers and addition of MSH in media exhibited synergistic effects on the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenesis differentiation of hDPSCs, and therefore assumed to be a favorable scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications. 相似文献
994.
Sadegh Saffari Saeed Keyvanshokooh Mohammad Zakeri Seyed Ali Johari Hossein Pasha-Zanoosi Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(4):1087-1097
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of supplementing (0.7 mg kg?1) different dietary selenium (Se) sources including organic [selenomethionine (SeMet)], inorganic [sodium selenite (Na2SeO3)], and nanoparticulate Se (nano-Se) on physiological responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio juveniles (9.7?±?0.1 g). Basal diet without Se supplementation used as control. Fish fed nano-Se supplemented diet had the highest weight gain (97.2?±?10.8%) and feed efficiency ratio (42.4?±?0.8%). Intestinal villi height was significantly taller in fish fed nano-Se diet than in the control group in both foregut and midgut sections. Serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher in nano-Se and SeMet groups than in control and sodium selenite groups. Fish fed Se-supplemented diets had greater red blood cell counts and hematocrit and hemoglobin values than the control group (P?<?0.05). Nano-Se and SeMet groups showed a significant increase in white blood cell counts, neutrophil percentage, and serum lysozyme activity than the other groups. Fish fed nano-Se diet had the highest serum hemolytic activity, total immunoglobulin, and total protein and albumin contents, as well as the lowest serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels (P?<?0.05). Overall, significant improvements in growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, and hemato-immunological and serum biochemical parameters of common carp juveniles suggest nano-Se as an efficient source for providing dietary Se in this species. 相似文献
995.
Saeid Vahdat Abolghasem Esmaeili Fereidouni Mohammad Kazem Khalesi 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(2):569-588
Long-term effects of different levels of dietary vermicompost manure leachate powder (VCL) were investigated on the nauplii growth and survival, biochemical composition, total carotenoids, and reproductive performance of broodstock Artemia franciscana in laboratory cultures. The instar I nauplii were fed in five treatments including 100% of the microalga Dunaliella salina (Alg; control group, with a density of 18?×?106 cells mL?1) and mixtures of 75% Alg-25% VCL, 50% Alg-50% VCL, 25% Alg-75% VCL, and 100% VCL for 3 weeks. At maturity, 35 pairs (males and females) were individually isolated from each treatment and transferred to 50-mL falcon tubes in which the reproduction and longevity of females were monitored until mortality. Results showed that the total length of Artemia in the control, 75 Alg-25 VCL, and 50 Alg-50 VCL treatments was significantly different from the other groups at the end of the 2nd and 3rd weeks. The pre-puberty survival rate was severely affected by the increased dietary levels of VCL declining from 52% (control) to 6.7% (100 VCL). The adults’ body protein levels in the control and 75 Alg-25 VCL (54–57%) were similar, but both groups were significantly different from the other treatments. However, the lipid content (13.7–19.8%) and total carotenoids (36.5–47.7 μg mg?1) were significantly different between treatments. Many broodstocks’ reproductive characteristics were affected by the diet so that the total number of offspring in the control was markedly higher than the other groups. However, the number of offspring per brood revealed no differences between the control and 75 Alg-25 VCL treatment, but both were significantly dissimilar with the other groups. The interval between two successive brood productions detected in 100 VCL was almost double those in the other groups. The lifetimes of Artemia were not significantly different in the treatments received varied algal diets with the lowest lifespan in 100 VCL treatment. By increasing VCL to over 25%, the growth, survival, and particularly females’ reproductive performance decreased significantly so that Artemia had to be fed only up to 25% VCL (with 75% Alg). These findings indicate an inefficiency of VCL powder supply in long-term feeding to A. franciscana. Moreover, the use of only 25% VCL is apparently appropriate in small-scale laboratory cultures. 相似文献
996.
Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. were confirmed in Petri dish and pot experiments in our previous studies. However, the degree to which such effects under controlled experiments exist in more complex ecological settings remains to be tested. Thus, the present study was carried out by incorporating different proportions of ground litter of E. camaldulensis in soil. The growth of three agricultural crops: falen (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and arhor (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), and two tree species, kala koroi (Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth.) and ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) were tested. There were inhibitory effects of leaf litter on germination, shoot and root growth, leaf number, and collar diameter as well as a reduction of nodulation by legume crops (25–80% reduction). The extent of the effects was dependent on the proportion of leaf litter, the species and the type of traits. In contrast to shoot growth, the effect on root growth was more severe. No effect on germination was found with the agriculture crops while the two tree species showed reduced germination. The effect was greater in the presence of higher proportions of leaf litter mixed in soil while in some cases lower proportions stimulated growth. Not all species were suppressed; A. procera, C. cajan, V. unguiculata showed compatible growth while C. arietinum and L. leucocephala were found incompatible. This study provides evidence that E. camaldulensis has allelopathic potential under field conditions and a careful selection of associated crops in agroforestry systems is highly recommended. 相似文献
997.
Khandkar- Siddikur Rahman Md Nazrul Islam Sourav Bagchi Ratul Nabila Hasan Dana Saleh Md. Musa Md. Obaidullah Hannan 《Journal of Wood Science》2018,64(3):279-286
This paper presents the effects of particle size and mixing ratio on the properties including physical, mechanical, and decay resistance of wood plastic composites (WPCs). In addition, it also presents the effects of immersion temperatures on water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) of the WPCs. WPCs with a thickness of 6 mm were fabricated from Albizia richardiana King & Prain wood particles and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by the flat-press method. To prepare the WPCs, two different wood particle sizes (0.5–1.0 and 1.01–2.0 mm) were used along with four different mixing ratios (w/w). Subsequently, the physical properties include density, moisture content, WA, and TS, and mechanical properties include modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the produced WPCs was evaluated. Furthermore, decay resistance was evaluated by the weight loss percentage method. Moreover, the effects of immersion temperatures on WA and TS of WPCs after 24 h of immersion in water at three different temperatures, i.e., 25, 50, and 75 °C were investigated. Results showed that the wood particle size had impact on WPC’s density (only 6% decreased with the increase of particle size); however, the density decreased by 29% when the wood particle content increased from 40 to 70%. The WA and TS gradually increased with the increase of particle content and decrease of particle size. In addition, WA and TS increased proportionately with increasing immersion temperature from 25 to 75 °C. Furthermore, the highest MOE (2570 N/mm2) was found for the WPCs fabricated from large wood particles having the ration of 50:50 (wood particle:PET). For decay resistance, WPCs consisted of larger particles and higher PET content showed greater resistance against decay. Therefore, it is comprehensible that fabrication of the WPCs from 50% large particles and 50% PET is technically feasible and further improvement of WPC performance like enhancement of MOE and reduction of density using coupling agent and agricultural waste fibers, respectively, in the WPC formulation is recommended. 相似文献
998.
Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi John Toland Van Stan Thomas Grant Pypker Jelveh Tamjidi Jan Friesen Moein Farahnaklangroudi 《European Journal of Forest Research》2018,137(1):121-130
The temporal dynamics of forest canopy rainfall partitioning are important to forest ecology and management as it influences all subsequent hydrological processes along the rainfall-to-discharge flow path. Despite a growing body of literature on the importance of coupled hydrological–ecological interactions during periodic forest life cycle events, little work has examined how canopy rainfall partitioning varies across transitional leaf states (between the leafed vs. leafless states). This study analyzed a 3 year field monitoring campaign for two tree species in semiarid Iran (Robinia pseudoacacia and Platanus orientalis) to describe rainfall partitioning dynamics across the full-leaf, senescence, leafless, and leafing states. Crown saturation point, canopy storage capacity, free throughfall coefficient and the ratio of wet canopy evaporation rate to mean rainfall intensity were related to decreases/increases in plant area index and canopy closure. The high variability of rainfall partitioning observed in this study highlights the importance of transitional leaf states in the temporal characterization of water inputs to forest surfaces and boundary layer. 相似文献
999.
Soo Jeong Kwon Swapan Kumar Roy Hye-Rim Kim Young-Ja Moon Sun Hee Woo Hee Ock Boo Jin-Woog Koo Hag Hyun Kim 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2018,21(2):121-127
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil types and environmental factors for optimum conditions of seedlings growth of the Platycodon grandiflorum for establishing the in vivo acclimatization system of regenerated plants derived from the in vitro culture. P. grandflorum seedlings were transferred to the in vivo condition and acclimatized under different soil types, light intensities, and various temperatures. Changes caused by environmental factors and soil types in plant growth viz. plant height, leaf width, leaf length, stem diameter, number of leaves, branches and nodes were recorded in this study. Among the nine types of soil, the best growth performances were obtained from the soil type SVP (Soil mixed with horticultural bed soil, vermiculite, and perlite @ 2:1:1). Seedlings of P. grandiflorum showed the best growth at higher levels of light intensity (60 μmol·m-2·s-1). In contrast, P. grandiflorum seedlings showed the best growth response at a moderate level of temperature (25°C). Collectively, the present study provides a better understanding of the responses of growth characteristics in P. grandiflorum seedlings exposed to various soil types, light intensities, and temperatures. 相似文献
1000.
Shahram Torabian Mohammad Reza Shakiba Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab Mahmood Toorchi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(11):1289-1301
In order to investigate the effects of exogenous spermidine on water limitation-induced damage on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes, a field experiment was conducted over two growth seasons. The experiment was arranged as a split-split plot design and three replications. Treatments were three water stress levels (non-stress, moderate and severe stress), three bean genotypes (Akhtar, Pak and COS12) and two spermidine levels (control and foliar application). The results showed that water stress reduced markedly leaf relative water content, SPAD values, specific leaf area, leaf area index, plant height, relative growth rate, shoot dry weight and grain yield; however, increased leaf density, leaf relative electrolyte leakage, stomatal density, leaf angle and leaf temperature of bean genotypes. Spermidine application increased relative water content, SPAD values, leaf area, leaf area index, shoot dry weight and grain yield. Overall, exogenous spermidine usage as a free radical scavenger counteracted deleterious water deficit effects. 相似文献