Regional differences in harvesting levels and wood-based employment in Norway     

Ståle Størdal  Kristian Lein  Morten Ørbeck  Svein Erik Hagen 《Small-Scale Forestry》2004,3(1):35-47

In this paper, a statistical framework based upon shift-share analysis is employed to analyse regional differences in Norway regarding changes in harvesting levels and number of full-time equivalent employees in wood processing. Changes in harvesting levels and employment differ between regions. A tendency found is that there has been a moderate centralisation in the period 1990–2000 with respect to harvesting levels. The analysis indicates that remote municipalities harvest relatively more in periods with a high harvesting intensity, while the harvesting level is more evenly distributed among the regions in other periods. There is, however, no clear picture whether there has been a centralisation or decentralisation regarding woodbased employment. Differences between regions may therefore be explained by structural factors, for example the degree to which firms in a particular region concentrate on production of bulky commodities or more customeroriented niche production.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Brucella pinnipediae in healthy hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the North Atlantic Ocean and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from Svalbard     

Tryland M  Sørensen KK  Godfroid J 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,105(2):103-111

Investigations for Brucella-infections were conducted in 29 hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) caught between Svalbard and Greenland (North Atlantic Ocean; Greenland Sea) autumn 2002, and from 20 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) caught in Billefjord, Svalbard, spring 2003. All animals were apparently healthy and were caught in their natural habitat. Bacteriology on tissue samples from ringed seals was negative, whereas Brucella sp. were recovered in tissues from 11 of the 29 hooded seals (38%), with the highest tissue prevalence in spleen (9/29) and lung lymph nodes (9/24). Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in sera from 9 hooded seals (31%) (EDTA-modified Slow Agglutination test of Wright, Rose Bengal test, Complement Fixation Test, and Protein-A ELISA). The bacterial isolates all belonged to the genus Brucella according to classical biotyping and PCR analysis based on Insertion Sequence IS711, and were shown to be typical marine mammal strains, based on the occurrence of an IS711 element downstream of the bp26 gene. Their dependency on CO2 for growth, and the presence of one copy each of the omp2a and omp2b gene finally classified them as Brucella pinnipediae. Furthermore, all the hooded seal isolates showed an A+ M+ agglutination profile, which is different from the profile of reference seal strain 2/94 (harbour seal, Phoca vitulina). Thus, these results indicate that B. pinnipediae may contain different biovars. The present results suggest that infection with B. pinnipediae is enzootic in this population. Since the hooded seal is commercially hunted and consumed in Norway, the pathological impact of such infections and their zoonotic potential should be further addressed.  相似文献   

Activity patterns of free-ranging beef cattle in Norway     

Morten Tofastrud  Hilde Hegnes  Olivier Devineau  Barbara Zimmermann 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(1):39-47

The aims of this study were to: 1) build a model to classify cattle activities based on locomotion and neck movement data and 2) study the daily time budget of non-native beef cattle in the boreal forest of southeastern Norway. We used GPS collars programmed to take positions and activity measures every five minutes on 18 cows during the grazing seasons 2015–17, together with behavioural observations in the field. The model classified the collar data into Grazing, Low (resting behaviours) and High (other active behaviours) activity with an accuracy of 79.4%. The cows spent 8.1?±?0.5 (mean?±?SD) hours per day grazing, corresponding to 34%?±?0.5% of their daily time budget. Daily grazing time increased during summer and was longer for lactating than dry cows and at low compared to high stocking density.  相似文献   

dl‐methionine enrichment in diets fed to Atlantic salmon increases apparent digestibility     

Marit Espe  Bjørn Liaset  Ernst Morten Hevrøy  Adel El‐Mowafi 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(8):1123-1130

In the current study, we tested whether the addition of a small amount of crystalline dl ‐methionine to a fishmeal‐based diet would affect general sulphur metabolism and apparent digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Triplicate tanks of salmon with mean BW of half a kilo were fed a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 0.2 wt%dl ‐methionine (+17% methionine relative to control diet) for a period of 3 months. Feed intake and thus nutrient intake did not differ significantly between treatments. Fish fed the diet supplemented with dl ‐methionine had 18% higher mean intake of methionine. The apparent energy digestibility was significantly improved in the salmon fed the methionine‐enriched diet as was the methionine digestibility. Salmon fed the methionine‐supplemented diet had about 32% higher plasma‐free methionine concentration and 25% more total homocysteine 5 h post prandial. No difference was observed in hepatic‐free methionine, but hepatic cystathionine (～62%) and taurine (～20%) were significantly higher in fish fed the methionine‐enriched diet due to a higher transsulphuration. In the liver, taurine might be conjugated to bile acids (BAs), and conjugation of BAs increases their solubility and enhances their biliary secretion affecting the digestibility. Both faecal and plasma BA concentrations were elevated in fish fed the methionine‐enriched diet, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. Taken together, our data show that feeding salmon a fishmeal‐based diet supplemented with a small amount of crystalline dl ‐methionine increased the apparent energy digestibility, possibly through an increased liver transsulphuration and taurine production, which might enhance BA conjugation and biliary secretion.  相似文献   

Breeding for disease resistance of Penaeid shrimps     

James Cock  Thomas Gitterle  Marcela Salazar  Morten Rye 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,286(1-2):1-11

Diseases are a major constraint on the intensive production of shrimps. Conditions in production ponds favour disease development, and epidemics of several previously unreported diseases have occurred and caused severe losses. When elimination, eradication or cultural control is difficult, selective breeding for host resistance to the pathogen may be an attractive option for disease control. However, host resistance is not a panacea and should only be considered when (a) the disease causes severe damage (b) there are no other existing simple cost effective control measures and (c) there is demonstrable genetic variation in resistance and this is not coupled with an excessive level of negative associations with other desirable characteristics. Shrimp have only recently been domesticated and breeding for resistance only began in the mid 1990s; there is limited experience with shrimp breeding in particular and crustaceans in general. Consequently, the principles and concepts behind breeding programmes are based largely on experiences with other species in both the plant and animal kingdoms. Commercial growers now seed ponds with shrimp populations selected for resistance to Taura Syndrome Virus with excellent results, whilst up to now development of White Spot Syndrome Virus resistant populations has been an elusive goal. The original TSV resistant populations were developed using simple mass selection techniques (Colombia). In later generations family based selection has been applied on populations, which initially had survival rates of about 30%, with care taken to reduce inbreeding and loss of genetic variation. This suggests that when the original populations have a reasonable level of resistance, and straightforward, effective selection protocols exist, it is relatively simple to breed for resistance. With catastrophic diseases, such as WSSV, which cause mortalities of 98% or more the frequency of resistance is low and it is suggested that for theoretical reasons single gene, rather than polygenic, resistance is likely to develop. The low frequency of resistance genes in breeding populations may cause genetic bottlenecks which will greatly reduce the genetic variation in the populations. In order to maintain the genetic variation the genes from the small numbers of survivors should be introgressed into populations with broader genetic variability. Furthermore, in order to minimize the probability of breakdown of resistance pyramiding of resistant genes on different loci would be advantageous.Genetic variation in resistance may be encountered either in the initial base populations or may spontaneously arise due to mutations or new recombinants. With extremely prolific species such as shrimps, millions of animals can readily be screened for survival and hence resistant mutants or recombinants may be identified. Once genetic variation has been detected the most appropriate breeding methodology will depend on the nature of both the resistance and the disease or diseases that are of interest to the producers.  相似文献   

Is European research on aquatic food product technology dead?     

Morten Sivertsvik 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(1)

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An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia     

Rasmussen M  Guo X  Wang Y  Lohmueller KE  Rasmussen S  Albrechtsen A  Skotte L  Lindgreen S  Metspalu M  Jombart T  Kivisild T  Zhai W  Eriksson A  Manica A  Orlando L  De La Vega FM  Tridico S  Metspalu E  Nielsen K  Ávila-Arcos MC  Moreno-Mayar JV  Muller C  Dortch J  Gilbert MT  Lund O  Wesolowska A  Karmin M  Weinert LA  Wang B  Li J  Tai S  Xiao F  Hanihara T  van Driem G  Jha AR  Ricaut FX  de Knijff P  Migliano AB  Gallego Romero I  Kristiansen K  Lambert DM  Brunak S  Forster P  Brinkmann B  Nehlich O  Bunce M  Richards M  Gupta R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6052):94-98

We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.  相似文献   

Superconducting vortices in CeCoIn5: toward the Pauli-limiting field     

Bianchi AD  Kenzelmann M  Debeer-Schmitt L  White JS  Forgan EM  Mesot J  Zolliker M  Kohlbrecher J  Movshovich R  Bauer ED  Sarrao JL  Fisk Z  Petrovic C  Eskildsen MR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5860):177-180

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Periodic changes in the zooplankton of the North Sea during the twentieth century linked to oceanic inflow   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Philip C. Reid  Martin Edwards  Gregory Beaugrand  Morten Skogen  Darren Stevens 《Fisheries Oceanography》2003,12(4-5):260-269

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Quality of sour cherry juice of different clones and cultivars (Prunus cerasus L.) determined by a combined sensory and NMR spectroscopic approach     

Clausen MR  Pedersen BH  Bertram HC  Kidmose U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):12124-12130

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