Role of anthocyanidin reductase,encoded by BANYULS in plant flavonoid biosynthesis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xie DY  Sharma SB  Paiva NL  Ferreira D  Dixon RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5605):396-399

Condensed tannins (CTs) are flavonoid oligomers, many of which have beneficial effects on animal and human health. The flavanol (-)-epicatechin is a component of many CTs and contributes to flavor and astringency in tea and wine. We show that the BANYULS (BAN) genes from Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula encode anthocyanidin reductase, which converts anthocyanidins to their corresponding 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ols. Ectopic expression of BAN in tobacco flower petals and Arabidopsis leaves results in loss of anthocyanins and accumulation of CTs.  相似文献   

超级稻育成者获世界粮食奖--杂种优势遗传基础的发现叩开了利用杂交稻的大门     

Forrest Laws  廖伏明  谢放鸣 《杂交水稻》2005,20(2):64-65

很少有一个人被认为他养活了6 000万人,但袁隆平却从来就不是一个普通的人.  相似文献   

Effects of breed type and supplementation during grazing on carcass traits and meat quality of bulls fattened on improved savannah     

Nancy Jerez-Timaure  Nelson Huerta-Leidenz 《Livestock Science》2009,121(2-3):219-226

Seventy-one bulls representing six breed types: Brahman (BR), F1-Romosinuano (F1ROMO), F1-Limousin (F1LIMO), F1-Angus (F1ANG), F1-Gelbvieh (F1GELB) and ¾ Bos taurus (BT) were used to study the effect of breed type and supplementation on carcass traits and meat quality. Slaughter weight endpoint was at approximately 500 kg. In the non-supplemented group, carcasses of F1ANG and BR surpassed the 56% dressing value, whereas those from F1ROMO, F1LIMO and BT dressed less than 56%. However, F1ROMO and BT groups improved their carcass dressing in two percentage points approximately (P < 0.05), with supplementation. Carcass weight was only affected by supplementation treatments (P < 0.05). At slaughter, the supplemented group dressed higher (56.1%) and produced heavier, less mature, better shaped carcasses than the control group. F1 GELB and F1LIMO showed larger (> 68 cm²) longissimus muscle area (LMA) whereas F1ANG and BR carcasses had better external fat finishing scores and thicker 12th-rib fat thickness (< 1.3 mm). Breed types significantly differed in the yield of most-valuable boneless cuts. Carcasses from supplemented bulls yielded 0.8% more trimmed fat and 1.5% less total retail product.The supplementation × breed type interaction was significant for Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and overall tenderness. Steaks from BR, F1GELB and BT resulted with higher WBSF values and lower scores for overall tenderness when animals were supplemented (P < 0.05) whereas the highest tenderness score and lowest WBSF value were obtained by non-supplemented BT bulls. The small differences found between BR and crossbred types allows for describing a similar carcass/beef quality performance under the present grazing conditions. Supplementation on pasture, as designed herein, proved to be a useful practice to improve carcass dressing and overall carcass finish but had detrimental effects on bull meat quality. Other management strategies such as castration, and (or) implants, combined with alternate fattening regimes on tropical savannahs, must be designed to improve meat quality of Zebu-influenced bulls.  相似文献   

Diurnal variation in thermal environment experienced by salmonids in the North Pacific as indicated by data storage tags   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Robert V. Walker  Katherine W. Myers  Nancy D. Davis  Kerim Y. Aydin  Kevin D. Friedland  H. Richard Carlson  George W. Boehlert  Shigehiko Urawa  Yasuhiro Ueno  & Gen Anma 《Fisheries Oceanography》2000,9(2):171-186

Eight temperature-recording data storage tags were recovered from three salmonids in Alaska (pink and coho salmon and steelhead trout) and five chum salmon in Japan after 21–117 days, containing the first long-term records of ambient temperature from Pacific salmonids migrating at sea. Temperature data imply diel patterns of descents to deeper, cooler water and ascents to the surface. Fish were found at higher average temperatures at night, with narrower temperature ranges and fewer descents than during the day. Fish tagged in the Gulf of Alaska were at higher temperatures on average (10–12°C) than chum salmon tagged in the Bering Sea (8–10°C). Chum salmon were also found at a wider range of temperatures (−1–22°C vs 5–15°C). This is probably related both to the different oceanographic regions through which the fish migrated, as well as species differences in thermal range and vertical movements. Proportions of time that individual fish spent at different temperatures seemed to vary among oceanographic regions. Steelhead trout may descend to moderate depths (50 m) and not be limited to the top few metres, as had been believed. Japanese chum salmon may seek deep, cold waters as they encounter warm surface temperatures on their homeward migrations. Temperature data from all fish showed an initial period (4–21 days) of day and night temperatures near those of sea surface temperatures, suggesting a period of recuperation from tagging trauma. A period of tagging recuperation suggests that vertical movement data from short-term ultrasonic telemetry studies may not represent normal behaviour of fish. The considerable diurnal and shorter-term variation in ambient temperatures suggests that offshore ocean distribution may be linked more to prey distribution and foraging than to sea surface temperatures.  相似文献   

RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS—ETHMOID HEMATOMA     

Angela M.  Gasser  DVM  Nancy E.  Love  DVM  Lloyd P.  Tate  Jr  VMD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(3):247-249

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THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ENHANCEMENT PATTERN OF THE NORMAL CANINE PITUITARY GLAND     

Nancy E.  Love DVM  Paul  Fisher BS  Lola  Hudson DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(6):507-510

Dynamic computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary gland was performed on four healthy male dogs of similar size, weight and age. The pituitary gland region was first identified on lateral scout and transverse non-contrast images. After localization, water soluble iodinated contrast medium was administered intravenously as a bolus at a dose of 1 ml/lb using a pressure injector at an injection rate of 10 ml/sec and a total of 40 post contrast images of the pitutary gland were acquired. No images were made after 400 seconds. The same pituitary region was imaged in each slice. The slice thickness was 1.5 mm, with a two second scan time and an eight second delay between images (resulting in images every ten seconds). The contrast medium injection and initial image were acquired simultaneously, resulting in a non-contrast enhanced initial image. At the completion of the CT scan, a region of interest (ROI) was drawn around the pituitary gland and time density data were obtained. The mean pituitary Hounsfield number was plotted as a function of time. A bi-exponential least squares model was used to derive the best fitting line through the data. The mean relative peak increase in pituitary Hounsfield Units (HU) was 65.9% +/- 2.1%. After the initial increase there was a decrease in pituitary Hounsfield number with a half-time of 16.1 seconds, followed by a slower phase with a half-time of 16.5 minutes. The mean pituitary gland HU value during the period of gradual opacity decline was 35.0% +/- 4.4% above that of the pre-contrast image. Establishing the enhancement pattern in the canine pituitary gland is the precursor to the clinical application of dynamic CT of the pituitary gland to diagnose pituitary microadenomas and/or small macroadenomas before they become exceptionally large.  相似文献   

Ethanol Fermentation of Starch from Field Peas     

Nancy N. Nichols  Bruce S. Dien  Y. Victor Wu  Michael A. Cotta 《Cereal Chemistry》2005,82(5):554-558

Field peas (Pisum sativum) were evaluated as a potential feedstock for ethanol production. Ground peas were dry‐milled and separated into starch, protein, and fibrous fractions by air classification. Starch‐enriched fractions prepared from whole peas and dehulled peas contained 73.7% wt and 77.8% wt starch, respectively, a nearly two‐fold enrichment compared with whole peas. The fractions were liquefied and saccharified using industrial α‐amylase and glucoamylase at recommended enzyme loadings. A final ethanol concentration of 11.0% (w/v) was obtained in 48–52 hr, with yields of 0.43–0.48 g of ethanol/g of glucose. Starch present in whole ground peas was also saccharified and fermented, with 97% of the starch fermented when an autoclaving step was included in the liquefaction stage.  相似文献   

Enhanced expression of a cold-induced gene coding for a glycine- rich protein in regenerative somaclonal variants of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)     

Marek Nelke  Jerzy Nowak  Jonathan M. Wright  Nancy L. McLean  Serge Laberge  Yves Castonguay  Louis-P. Vezina 《Euphytica》1999,105(3):211-217

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