受降雨影响的浅水泥沙颗粒起动规律     

肖克  杨奉广  聂锐华  黄尔  王协康  刘兴年  彭清娥 《农业工程学报》2021,37(13):121-127

山区浅层水流深度极浅且移动缓慢,降雨条件下其泥沙输移现象尚不明确。为探明受到降雨影响下的浅水河流均匀沙起动问题,该研究假设雨滴落入河道后会影响到整个水流区,形成雨滴群与水流混合的流体,从孔隙介质流理论入手,假设当降雨存在时床面泥沙颗粒增加了向上的附加力,进一步分析泥沙颗粒的受力情况,推导出层流水流泥沙颗粒起动关系表达式。从含沙水流流速分布规律得到启发,雨滴落入层流水流的状态类似于含沙水流,当降雨存在时层流水流流速分布仍然满足线性关系。利用无降雨泥沙起动经典试验数据,确定了拖曳力系数以及上举力系数,发现两者都是沙粒雷诺数的函数。利用已有研究的降雨实测数据,求出了8种降雨强度(0.254～152.4mm/h)下的雨滴直径分布概率密度表达式(R~2=0.998),进而求出雨滴的平均直径表达式,并给出受降雨影响的层流水流泥沙颗粒起动切应力计算模型。该研究模型表明降雨的存在使得泥沙起动所需的临界摩阻流速减小。通过与已有研究进行对比分析,该研究建立的受降雨影响的浅水泥沙颗粒起动计算公式具有最高的精度,平均误差仅为14.8%,能够为山区水沙灾害防治提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Nitrogen Loss through Surface-Subsurface Flow on Red Soil Slopes of Southeast China     

Haijin Zheng  Zhao Liu  Jichao Zuo  Lingyun Wang  Xiaofei Nie 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(12):1506-1514

Soil nitrogen (N) loss related to surface flow and subsurface flow (including interflow and groundwater flow) from slope lands is a global issue. A lysimetric experiment with three types of land cover (grass cover, GC; litter cover, LC; and bare land, BL) were carried out on a red soil slope land in southeast China. Total Nitrogen (TN) loss through surface flow, interflow and groundwater flow was observed under 28 natural precipitation events from 2015 to 2016. TN concentrations from subsurface flow on BL and LC plots were, on average, 2.7–8.2 and 1.5–4.4 times greater than TN concentrations from surface flow, respectively; the average concentration of TN from subsurface flow on GC was about 36–56% of that recorded from surface flow. Surface flow, interflow and groundwater flow contributed 0–15, 2–9 and 76–96%, respectively, of loss load of TN. Compared with BL, GC and LC intercepted 83–86% of TN loss through surface runoff; GC intercepted 95% of TN loss through subsurface flow while TN loss through subsurface flow on LC is 2.3 times larger than that on BL. In conclusion, subsurface flow especially groundwater flow is the dominant hydrological rout for N loss that is usually underestimated. Grass cover has the high retention of N runoff loss while litter mulch will increase N leaching loss. These findings provide scientific support to control N runoff loss from the red soil slope lands by using suitable vegetation cover and mulching techniques.  相似文献   

中国农产品产地加工产业布局分析及发展对策   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

朱明  沈瑾  孙洁  聂宇燕  杨琴  王希卓 《农业工程学报》2012,28(1):1-6

通过对大宗农产品的主要产地分布和大宗农产品加工业的产业布局进行分析,可推知中国大宗农产品产地初加工的格局已基本形成。农产品加工各行业的企业规模偏小、投资盲目、企业间无序竞争、精深加工的程度低、产品的附加值普遍不高等问题是制约中国农产品产地初加工产业化的问题所在。因此,应尽快实现中国农产品产地初加工由初级加工向高附加值精深加工转变,基本形成与国际接轨的农产品加工标准体系和全程质量控制体系,初步形成产学研相结合的研发机制和先进适用技术成果的推广体系,为农产品加工业健康快速发展奠定良好基础。  相似文献   

Impacts of soil erosion on organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in an alpine grassland soil     

X.J. Nie  X.N. Qiao 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):660-668

The impact of soil erosion on the nutrient dynamics in alpine grassland soils is still an essential problem. Selecting a grass-covered hillslope in eastern Tibet Plateau, the cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) technique was used to determine the impacts of soil erosion on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK). The ¹³⁷Cs data revealed that there were distinct soil redistribution patterns in different hillslope positions because of the influences of slope runoff, plant coverage and grazing activity. For the upper slope, soil erosion first decreased downward, followed by soil deposition in its lower part. In contrast, for middle and toe slopes, there was an increasing soil erosion along a downslope transect. Across the lower slope, soil erosion showed an irregular variation. Influenced by the selective transport of water erosion, SOC, TN and TP storage decreased with increasing soil erosion in upper, middle and toe slopes. In contrast, SOC, TN and TP storage varied little with soil erosion in the lower slope. On the whole hillslope, TK storage also varied little with soil erosion due to the large amount of potassium elements derived from soil parent materials. Particularly noteworthy was the greatest storage of SOC, TN and TP in the lower slope where most obvious net soil erosion occurred, which is closely related to the humus accumulation combined with gravel separation as well as weathering and pedogenesis of parent rocks induced by soil freeze-thaw.  相似文献   

九里明抗菌镇痛有效部位中PAs的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈进军  聂芳红  赵生才  林红英  李明伟  马驿  徐晓彬  冯羽裳 《中国农学通报》2006,22(6):117-117

采用试管分项提取预试法、系统提取预试法和圆形纸层析预试法,进行了九里明植物化学成分预试;利用硅胶G薄板层析法,Ehrlich试剂喷雾显色,对九里明全草及其抗菌镇痛有效部位中双稠吡咯啶生物碱进行了检查。结果发现,九里明全草含有黄酮及其甙类、蒽醌及其甙类、酚类、强心甙、氨基酸、鞣质、皂甙、有机酸和生物碱,不含氰甙、多肽、蛋白质、内酯、油脂和挥发油;九里明全草含有双稠吡咯啶生物碱,但九里明抗菌镇痛有效部位中则未检出双稠吡咯啶生物碱。  相似文献   

盐碱胁迫下羊草消减文库的构建及分析     

解莉楠  聂玉哲  张晓磊  李玉花 《分子植物育种》2007,5(3):371-376

以盐碱胁迫下的羊草地上部分cDNA为实验方(tester),非盐碱条件下生长的羊草地上部分cDNA为消减方(driver),利用抑制性消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)构建了盐碱胁迫下羊草消减文库.从消减文库中筛选1920个阳性克隆,PCR鉴定插入片段大部分集中在300～800 bp之间.将聚类后得到的552个非重复序列与GenBank中的序列进行比对,其中有548条与数据库中的序列有同源性,其中功能已知的339个,功能未知序列209条.获得了与盐碱胁迫相关的基因,如单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-ECS)、铁蛋白(Ferrtin)、水孔蛋白(PIP)、脱水素基因(dehydrin)、14-3-3蛋白等.本实验为抗逆基因的克隆及系统研究盐碱胁迫下羊草相关基因的表达奠定了基础.  相似文献   

灌溉方式对草莓光合特性和根系生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

钱小琴  聂凡  蔡永萍  盛新颖  聂敬全  洪萨丽 《中国农学通报》2009,25(13):113-118

以草莓丰香为材料,探讨三种灌溉方式（沟灌、滴灌、滴灌+半基质）对粘性土壤条件下草莓产量、光合生理指标和根系生长的影响。结果表明：与沟灌相比,滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式均能促进草莓的生长和增加其产量,单株产量分别增加36.89%和29.30%,在开花期草莓叶片光合速率提高了41.56%和34.46%;在结果期,水分利用率提高了28.69%和24.65%,根冠比提高了51.78%和29.28%;滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式更有利于根系生长,在开花期根体积提高了164.25%和78.72%、根鲜重提高了117.18%和84.07%、在结果期根系活力提高了70.98%和48.38%;滴灌+半基质栽培灌溉方式是一种适宜粘性土壤草莓的灌溉方式。  相似文献   

黄瓜保鲜技术研究进展     

郑朕  聂小宝  李致瑜  丁天  张俊明  史君彦 《农产品加工．学刊》2011,(8):118-121

对黄瓜保鲜技术的理化、多糖及中草药贮藏方法进行了综述,提出了理化贮藏方法和中草药贮藏方法的不足,阐述了天然多糖在黄瓜保鲜中的应用,讨论了今后的主要研究方向。  相似文献   

双针结构土壤水分传感器探针最优长度分析与试验     

赵燕东  聂铭君 《农业机械学报》2011,42(11):39-43

在两针平行式探针结构的阻抗模型的基础上,进一步理论推导了终端开路式和终端短路式两种类型土壤水分传感器探针长度与阻抗特性的关系.借助高频分析软件HFSS确定了两针平行式土壤水分传感器的最佳探针结构,并采用有机溶液模拟土壤体积含水率进行了试验,试验结果表明:终端开路式和终端短路式土壤水分传感器探针长度在0 ～8.3 cm时,其土壤体积含水率测量范围达到0～100％.  相似文献   

畦灌灌水技术要素组合优化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

聂卫波  费良军  马孝义 《农业机械学报》2012,43(1):83-88,107

以杨凌区进行的畦灌大田试验为基础,采用WinSRFR软件对各试验点的灌水质量进行了模拟,并分析了畦长、田面坡度、入畦单宽流量和改口成数对灌水效率Ea、灌水均匀度Ed和储水效率Es的影响;在此基础上,结合均匀试验设计与多元回归分析的方法,构建了包含灌水效率Ea、灌水均匀度Ed和储水效率Es在内的单目标优化模型,以入畦单宽流量和灌水时间为变量,采用遗传算法对模型进行求解,提出了试验点不同计划灌水深度条件下畦灌灌水技术要素的优化组合,结果表明其可获得高的灌水质量,达到常规畦灌节水的目的。  相似文献