Sewage sludge assessment on growth of Acacia mangium seedlings by principal components analysis and orthogonal contrasts     

Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira  Marcilene Favalessa  Elzimar de Oliveira Gonçalves  Roberto Rorras dos Santos Moura 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(10):1303-1311

This experiment aimed to compare combinations of sewage sludge-based substrates on the growth of Acacia mangium seedlings by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal contrasts (OC). It was conducted in structures of a forest nursery, localized in Southeast of Brazil, in 280 cm³ tubes constituted by 14 treatments and 5 replicates of four plants. When the seedlings reached 100 days after sowing, the treatments containing sewage sludge associated with vermiculite were those that stood out for the growth of A. mangium seedlings, showing the highest averages for the biometric features. The addition of coconut fiber and coffee straw did not produce good growth as well as the evaluated commercial substrate. It can be stated that the use of principal components and OC were efficient in evaluating the best substrate added to the sewage sludge having a limitation in identifying the best ratio between constituents of the substrate.  相似文献   

The effect of different nitrogen levels on yield and quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana bert.)     

Esra Uçar  Yaşar Özyiğit  Temel Özek  Gülmira Özek 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(9):1130-1137

In the present work, the efficiency of different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha^?1) on growth, yield, and quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) was investigated in 2011–2013. The study was conducted in Antalya located in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Terra rossa type soil (LVx, FAO) characteristics of the experimental field were clay loam, with high amounts of lime (33,9%) and slightly alkaline (pH 7.7). The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with four replications. All the results were summarized as mean of three years. The highest fresh and dry biomass yields (26.75 t ha^?1 and 7.5 ha^?1, respectively) were obtained from 150 kg ha^?1 N dose and followed by 100 kg ha^?1 N dose (26.29 t ha^?1 and 7.24 ha^?1, respectively). Whereas the highest fresh and dry leaf yields (13.27 t ha^?1 and 3.82 t ha^?1, respectively) were realized in 100 kg ha^?1 N dose. Actually, all nitrogen doses gave higher biomass and leaf yields compared to the control. On the hand, major steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A) in the leaf were not influenced by nitrogen levels. In conclusion, 100 kg ha^?1 N dose was found to be suitable for cultivation of stevia under field conditions.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity,population structure,and correlations between locally adapted zebu and taurine breeds in Brazil using SNP markers     

Bárbara Machado Campos  Adriana Santana do Carmo  Andrea Alves do Egito  Arthur Silva da Mariante  Maria Socorro Muaés do Albuquerque  João José Simoni de Gouveia  Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado  Lucas Lima Verardo  Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa da Silva  Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(8):1677-1684

Genetic diversity is one of the most important issues in studies on conservation of cattle breeds and endangered species. The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of genetic differentiation between locally adapted taurine (Bos taurus taurus) and zebu (Bos taurus indicus) breeds in Brazil, which were genotyped for more than 777,000 SNPs. The fixation index (F _ST), principal component analysis (PCA), and Bayesian clustering were estimated. The F _ST highlighted genetic differentiation between taurine and zebu breeds. The taurine lines, Caracu and Caracu Caldeano, had significant genetic differentiation (F _ST close to 5%) despite their recent selection for different uses (meat and milk). This genetic variability can be used for conservation of locally adapted animals, as well as for breeding programs on zebu breeds. Introgression of zebu in locally adapted breeds was identified, especially in Curraleiro Pé-Duro breed. The Gyr breed, however, had low breed purity at genomic level due to its very heterogeneous mixing pattern.  相似文献   

Performance,endocrine, metabolic,and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers submitted to different supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning     

Aline Gomes da Silva  Mário Fonseca Paulino  Lincoln da Silva Amorim  Luciana Navajas Rennó  Edenio Detmann  Felipe Henrique de Moura  Marcos Rocha Manso  Paulo Henrique Silva e Paiva  Román Enrique Maza Ortega  Luciano Prímola de Melo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):707-715

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high and low supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning on performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers. Fifty Nellore heifers with 132?±?9.9 kg average body weight (BW) and 138?±?19 days of age were supplemented from 4 to 14 months. The heifers were distributed into five supplementation plans: HH—6 g/kg of BW of supplement pre- and post-weaning, HL—6 g/kg of BW of supplement pre-weaning and 3 g/kg post-weaning, LH—3 g/kg of BW pre-weaning and 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning, LL—3 g/kg of BW pre- and post-weaning, and CC—control, no supplementation. Interactions were not significant (P?>?0.10). The level of supplement fed pre-weaning did not affect any of the performance variables evaluated at the end of the experiment (P?>?0.10). There was a significant effect of supplementation and level of supplementation fed post-weaning on average daily gain (ADG) and final BW (P?<?0.05). Overall ADG was also affected only by supplementation and level of supplement fed post-weaning (P?<?0.05) with animals receiving 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning gaining more weight. Follicular diameter was greater in animals that received 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning (P?<?0.05). In summary, performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive variables evaluated in the current study were improved by the level of supplement fed post-weaning. Heifers receiving supplementation of 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning had greater responses, independent of the level received during the pre-weaning phase.  相似文献   

Occurrence of anti-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptospira</Emphasis> spp. antibodies in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhipidomys</Emphasis> spp. from a forest fragment of the Brazilian Cerrado     

D. O. Gomes  G. B. Ramos  V. B. A. Alves  A. Z. Ciuffa  L. P. Cuccato  T. F. M. dos Reis  A. M. C. Lima  M. C. Gonçalves  G. V. Tolesano  V. S. Rodrigues  M. P. J. Szabó 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(3):555-559

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of world importance, and its transmission depends on the interaction between humans and animals. Given the necessity to investigate potential hosts of Leptospira spp., this study verified the prevalence of different serovars in the species of Rhipidomys spp., a widespread sigmodont rodent in Brazil. The studied population originates from a semi-evergreen forest located in the county of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed with 14 serovars. Thirteen out of the 43 wild rodents captured showed a positive agglutination reaction, with a greater prevalence of the serovars Pyrogenes, Copenhageni, and Canicola. This study found a prevalence of 30.3% anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies; all positive animals were reactive to more than one serovar.  相似文献   

Predictive Factors for Fatal Tick‐Borne Spotted Fever in Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

S. V. de Oliveira  M. C. A. Willemann  G. S. Gazeta  R. N. Angerami  R. Gurgel‐Gonçalves 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(7):e44-e50

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Honeybees can spread Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides among citrus plants          下载免费PDF全文

M. C. G. Gasparoto  S. A. Lourenço  F. A. O. Tanaka  M. B. Spósito  L. C. Marchini  G. J. Silva Junior  L. Amorim 《Plant pathology》2017,66(5):777-782

Postbloom fruit drop (PFD) is an important citrus disease that causes up to 100% yield losses during years in which conditions are favourable for the occurrence of epidemics. The conidia of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides, causal agents of PFD, are predominantly dispersed by rain splash. At the beginning of epidemics, the distribution of diseased plants is random and the disease progress rate is very high, which is unusual for pathogens spread by rain splash. As the pathogen produces abundant conidia on diseased petals, pollinating insects may contribute to disease dispersal. This study investigated honeybees (Apis mellifera) as dispersal agents of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides among citrus plants. Two experiments were carried out in a screenhouse in which citrus plants were protected (or not) in insect‐proof cages. The source of inoculum was placed on one side of the screenhouse, and a honeybee hive was placed on the opposite side. All uncaged plants showed symptoms of the disease, and none of the caged plants exhibited PFD symptoms. The monomolecular model showed a good fit to disease progress in both experiments. Conidium‐like structures of Colletotrichum spp. were identified attached to the bodies of the honeybees by scanning electron microscopy. These results have revealed that honeybees disperse Colletotrichum among citrus plants.  相似文献   

Feasible sampling plan for Bemisia tabaci control decision‐making in watermelon fields          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos HO Lima  Renato A Sarmento  Poliana S Pereira  Tarcísio VS Galdino  Fábio A Santos  Joedna Silva  Marcelo C Picanço 《Pest management science》2017,73(11):2345-2352

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Antibacterial Bilayered Skin Patches Made of HPMA and Quaternary Poly(4-vinyl pyridine)     

İ. Alper İşoğlu  Cemre Demirkan  Mine Gül Şeker  Kadriye Tuzlakoğlu  Sevil Dinçer İşoğlu 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(11):2229-2236

This study aimed to produce poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and hydroxypropyl methacrylamide (HPMA)-based bilayer wound dressings materials enhancing healing mechanism for the wounds which have self-healing problem and high infection risk. These materials were designed to protect wound from secondary traumas caused microorganism invasion and do not have toxic substance release problem. Synthesis of quaternary poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (poly(Q4-VP)) which is the antibacterial layer of wound dressing material was carried out in two stages. At first stage, poly(4-vinyl pyridine) polymer was synthesized from 4-vinyl pyridine monomer by free radical polymerization. Then, poly(Q4-VP) was synthesized from poly(4-VP) by alkylation reaction with 6-bromocaproic acid. Resulted polymer was structurally characterized by FT-IR. The macroporous spongy structure, as the lower layer of wound dressing material, was prepared by cryogelation of HPMA. Then, the antibacterial polymer was electrospun onto the cryogel structure and bilayered material was obtained. Cryogel structure, fiber morphology and layer integration was examined by SEM. In order to enhance wound healing process, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was loaded to cryogel layer and release was followed by spectrophotometrically. The antimicrobial properties of the materials were examined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively. According to the results, bilayered, antibacterial and antifungal against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, temporary wound dressings which can stimulate wound healing and have high swelling capacity were obtained successfully.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary microencapsulated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cymbopogon flexuosus</Emphasis> essential oil on reproductive-related parameters in male <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamdia quelen</Emphasis>     

Carine de Freitas Souza  Cristine Rampelotto  Bruno Bianchi Loureiro  Fernanda Alves Pereira  Adriane Erbice Bianchini  Carine Dahl Corcini  Antonio Sergio Varela Junior  Tatiana Emanuelli  Leila Picolli da Silva  Sílvio Teixeira da Costa  Kalyne Bertolin  Monique Tomazele Rovani  Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves  Berta Maria Heinzmann  Bernardo Baldisserotto 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(4):1253-1264

In aquaculture, nutrition and supplemented diets have been shown to affect broodstock reproductive performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil (CFEO) microcapsules on reproductive-related parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) male broodfish. Adult male broodstocks were separated into three groups according to the concentrations of supplemented CFEO (0.0?=?control; 1.0 or 3.0 mL per kg of diet). After 20 days under experimental conditions, the animals were euthanized and the gonads were harvested for gonadosomatic index, sperm analysis, oxidative stress, and histopathology; testosterone levels were measured in the plasma; gene expression of prl, smtl, pomca, and pomcb was assessed in the pituitary gland by real-time PCR. The results showed no alterations on reproductive parameters in R. quelen males treated with Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil compared to the control-diet animals. In conclusion, CFEO microcapsules supplied for 20 days in the concentrations of 1.00 or 3.00 mL per kilogram of diet did not affect the reproduction criteria evaluated in this study in male silver catfish.  相似文献