Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Oxidation from Concentrates Issued from an Attrition Process of Polluted Soil Using the Fenton Reagent and Permanganate     

Malika Bendouz  Justine Dionne  Lan Huong Tran  Lucie Coudert  Guy Mercier  Jean-François Blais 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(3):115

This study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions for PAH degradation from highly contaminated attrition sludge (PAC) using a Fenton process or successive permanganate (KMnO₄) oxidation and Fenton processes. The following parameters were studied to optimize the Fenton oxidation process: the amounts of reactants based on the stoichiometric oxidant demand (SOD), the reactant addition protocol and number of doses, and the solid/liquid ratio (S/L). The results showed that the following conditions were optimum: TS?=?30%, 7.5 times SOD, H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ ratio?=?10, and added five times during 60 min, which allowed the degradation of 43% of total 27 PAHs from the PAC. Successive Fenton and KMnO₄ oxidation processes were also tested. PAH degradation using a sequential Fenton process followed by KMnO₄ oxidation (or KMnO₄ followed by Fenton) was higher than for the use of Fenton or KMnO₄ treatment alone. Up to 71% of the total 27 PAHs were degraded when using a combination of both processes. It appeared that the sequential treatment is a viable method for the significant degradation of 27 PAHs from PAC (t value?>?2.77).  相似文献   

Study of an Amphoteric Surfactant in a Soil Decontamination Process Using ANS Enhanced Fluorescence: Micellar Behavior and Dosing in Synthetic and Soil Solutions     

Pascal Castellazzi  Guy Mercier  Jean-François Blais 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(1):337-349

Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (CAS) has been used in a pilot plant study as a biodegradable surfactant for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lead (Pb) from contaminated soils. The soil treatment has been done in flotation cells with a concentration of 0.20 g CAS L⁻¹ in saline conditions (3 M NaCl) and using a pulp density of 20% (w/w). The process integrates the recirculation of the liquid phases separated from the soil by centrifugation or filtration. Thus, it was necessary to understand CAS-PAHs micellar behavior and to follow the behavior and the fate of the surfactant in the process. 1-8-anilino-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) is used as a fluorophor compound in the ANS enhanced fluorescence technique. A three-dimensional model detailing the change in the micellar behavior at high NaCl concentration and at different pH has been established. Fluorescence results of centrifuged soil matrix containing CAS have been compared to the results from synthetic solutions assays. A method allowing an accurate titration of the CAS has been developed by using the exact same matrix of the soil as the tested samples for the preparation of the calibration curves. The study of the surfactant concentration in the process has been performed and allows the adjustment of the CAS concentration in the recirculated water.  相似文献   

Phenotypic diversity and evolution of farmer varieties of bread wheat on organic farms in Europe     

J. C. Dawson  E. Serpolay  S. Giuliano  N. Schermann  N. Galic  J.-F. Berthellot  V. Chesneau  H. Ferté  F. Mercier  A. Osman  S. Pino  I. Goldringer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(1):145-163

The contribution of farmers to the creation and maintenance of genetic diversity is beginning to receive more recognition in developed countries. Although the use of landraces and historic varieties has largely disappeared in countries with industrialized agricultural systems and formal seed markets, certain varieties with particular cultural significance have been continuously cultivated by farmers and other varieties have been preserved ex situ in genebanks. Recently, associations of organic farmers have become involved in the conservation and use of landraces and historic varieties (called farmer varieties in this article) because these varieties possess agronomic and quality traits that they have not found in modern varieties. In this study, eight farmer varieties of bread wheat from Europe selected by participating farmers were evaluated in on-farm trials during 3 years of cultivation. Each variety was grown on each farm, and phenotypic changes in each variety were measured the third year in a replicated split-plot trial on each farm comparing the version of each variety the farmer had multiplied to a sample of each variety from the region of origin. All varieties, including the two modern pureline varieties used as checks, showed statistically significant phenotypic changes over 3 years of multiplication. However, the magnitude of these changes was moderate and did not call into question varietal identity or distinctness. In addition, some traits of putative agronomic and adaptive importance, such as grain weight per spike and thousand kernel weight, did not respond positively to natural selection (environmental conditions and management practices) which suggests the necessity of farmer selection to maintain and improve varietal performance.  相似文献   

Monoethanolamine extraction of copper-preservative-treated wood and reuse of the extract for wood preservation     

Sedric Pankras  Paul A. Cooper  Lucie Coudert  Jean-Francois Blais  Guy Mercier 《Wood Science and Technology》2014,48(2):393-409

Remediation of copper-based alkaline copper quat (ACQ) and micronized copper quat (MCQ) wood-preservative-treated weathered southern pine mulch samples by monoethanolamine (Mea) extraction was studied. The potential reuse of Mea extract in ACQ wood preservative application was also evaluated. Continuous column extraction of copper-preservative-treated samples for 32 h, using 12 % Mea removed 66–86 % (between top and bottom of the column) and 65–80 % of Cu, respectively, from ACQ- and MCQ-treated wood. Mea extracts of treated wood could be reused in ACQ-treating solutions that met the American Wood Protection Association standard specifications for ACQ wood preservatives. This was achieved either by mixing the extract with industrial Cu–Mea solution at 1:4 ratio or by adding cupric acetate salt directly into the Mea extract. ACQ-treating solutions reformulated using Mea extracts of ACQ- and MCQ-treated wood performed similarly to wood treated with industrial ACQ solution and freshly prepared solution using cupric acetate. All treated wood had similar penetrations of Cu in wood during preservative treatment, Cu leaching from the treated wood in contact with water, corrosion of nails in contact with treated wood, and ability to protect wood from mold growth.  相似文献   

Control of common bunt of wheat under field conditions with the biofumigant fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Muscodor albus</Emphasis>     

Blair J. Goates  Julien Mercier 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(3):403-407

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the biological control potential of the fungus Muscodor albus, when applied as a seed treatment or an in furrow soil treatment, for control of common bunt (CB) of wheat caused by Tilletia caries. For seed treatments, dry rye grain culture of M. albus was ground into powder and applied, at a rate of 125 mg/g seed, to wheat seed infested with T. caries teliospores. The culture was also cracked into particles and applied in furrow at the rate of 4 g/m of row, along with teliospore infested seed during planting. Treatments were evaluated during two growing seasons and two planting dates beginning in early spring when soil temperatures were optimal for disease development (5–10°C), and then approximately 3 weeks later. In the first year, treatments in the first seeding date reduced CB from 44% diseased spikes in untreated controls to 12% and 9% in seed and in furrow treatments respectively, and from 6% in controls to 0% in both treatments in the second seeding date. In the second year, CB was reduced from 8% in controls to 0.5% and 0.25% for seed and in furrow treatments respectively in the first seeding date, and from 0.75% in controls to 0% in both the treatments in the second seeding date. M. albus may have potential for CB control in organic wheat production where options for managing the disease are very limited.  相似文献   

Simultaneous removal of Cu and PAHs from dredged sediments using flotation     

Dileep Palakkeel Veetil  Guy Mercier  Jean-Francois Blais  Myriam Chartier  Lan Huong Tran 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(8):1502-1514

Purpose

This study addresses the feasibility of a flotation technique, using a lab-scale flotation cell, to simultaneously remove both metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from fine sediment fractions (<250 μm) that are potentially contaminated with copper (Cu).

Materials and methods

A multiple flotation process with three consecutive flotation stages was performed on three sediments (13S, 14B, and 24A) with different particle size distributions, Cu and PAH concentrations, and organic matter contents.

Results and discussion

Flotations performed under selected conditions allowed for significant removal of both Cu (61–70 %) and PAHs (75–83 %) with acceptable froth recoveries of approximately 23–29 %. Removal rates for arsenic, lead, and zinc were 48–61, 40–48, and 32–36 %, respectively. Flotation selectivity of Cu was greatly influenced by the contents of fine particles and organic matter of the sediments. The maximum flotation selectivity was obtained for the 53–125-μm size fraction. The high flotation selectivity of Cu (2.5–3.2) and PAHs (3.0–3.6) demonstrated the feasibility of flotation to treat soils or sediments containing both organic and inorganic pollutants.

Conclusions

Overall, the flotation results showed a high selectivity for both Cu and PAHs and demonstrated the feasibility of flotation to treat media contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants.  相似文献   

Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks,management measures and drivers of overfishing     

Steven W Purcell  Annie Mercier  Chantal Conand  Jean‐François Hamel  M Verónica Toral‐Granda  Alessandro Lovatelli  Sven Uthicke 《Fish and Fisheries》2013,14(1):34-59

Worldwide, most sea cucumber fisheries are ineffectively managed, leading to declining stocks and potentially eroding the resilience of fisheries. We analyse trends in catches, fishery status, fishing participation and regulatory measures among 77 sea cucumber fisheries through data from recent fishery reports and fishery managers. Critical gaps in fisheries biology knowledge of even commonly targeted species undermine the expected success of management strategies. Most tropical fisheries are small‐scale, older and typified by numerous (>8) species, whereas temperate fisheries are often emerging, mono‐specific and industrialized. Fisher participation data indicated about 3 million sea cucumber fishers worldwide. Fisher participation rates were significantly related to the average annual yield. permanova analysis showed that over‐exploited and depleted fisheries employed different sets of measures than fisheries with healthier stocks, and a non‐metric multidimensional scaling ordination illustrated that a broad set of regulatory measures typified sustainable fisheries. SIMPER and regression tree analyses identified that the dissimilarity was most related to enforcement capacity, number of species harvested, fleet (vessel) controls, limited entry controls and rotational closures. The national Human Development Index was significantly lower in countries with over‐exploited and depleted fisheries. Where possible, managers should limit the number of fishers and vessel size and establish short lists of permissible commercial species in multispecies fisheries. Our findings emphasize an imperative to support the enforcement capacity in low‐income countries, in which risk of biodiversity loss is exceptionally high. Solutions for greater resilience of sea cucumber stocks must be embedded within those for poverty reduction and alternative livelihood options.  相似文献   

Modelling the mortality of Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) larvae exposed to anoxic treatment for disinfestation of wooden art objects     

G. de Streel  J.-M. Henin  P. Bogaert  E. Mercier  E. Rabelo  C. Vincke  B. Jourez 《Wood Science and Technology》2016,50(5):1015-1035

  相似文献   

Toll- and NOD-like receptor mRNA expression in canine sino-nasal aspergillosis and idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis     

Mercier E  Peters IR  Day MJ  Clercx C  Peeters D 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(3-4):618-624

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Influence of Soil Parameters on the Efficiency of the Attrition Process to Remove Metals,PCP, Dioxins and Furans from Contaminated Soils     

Karima Guemiza  Lucie Coudert  Lan Huong Tran  Sabrine Metahni  Jean-François Blais  Simon Besner  Guy Mercier 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(12):466

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the soil parameters (particle size, initial contamination level, etc.) on the performances of an attrition process to remove As, Cr, Cu, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and dioxins and furans (PCDD/F). Five different contaminated soils were wet-sieved to isolate five soil fractions (<?0.250, 0.250–1, 1–4, 4–12 and >?12 mm). Five attrition steps of 20 min each, carried out in the presence of a biodegradable surfactant ([BW]?=?2%, w w^?1) at room temperature with a pulp density fixed at 40% (w w^?1), were applied to the coarse soil fractions (>?0.250 mm) of different soils. The results showed good performances of the attrition process to simultaneously remove PCP and PCDD/F from contaminated soil fractions initially containing between 1.1 and 13 mg of PCP kg^?1 (dry basis) and between 1795 and 5720 ng TEQ of PCDD/F kg^?1. It appeared that the amounts of contaminants removed were significantly correlated (p value?<?0.05, R ²?=?0.96) with the initial amounts of PCP and PCDD/F, regardless of the particle size of the soils studied. The nature of the soil (granulometric distribution, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) (organic matter) and diverse industrial origin) slightly and negatively influenced the efficiency of organic contaminants removals using attrition. However, the attrition treatment allowed an efficient removal of both PCP and PCDD/F from the coarse fraction of contaminated soil, despite the nature of the soil.  相似文献