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Various methods have been used previously to impart hydrophobicity to cotton. In this study, thin co-polymer films of trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA) and octafluoro pentyl methacrylate (OFPM) were formed on cotton using individual fluorosurfactants and surfactant mixtures through the process of admicellar polymerization. Efficacy of 6 different fluorosurfactant systems and process conditions including surfactant type, concentration, adsorption/adsolubilization time, polymerization time, and monomer concentration have been investigated in order to obtain hydrophobic coatings on woven cotton fabric. Adsolubilization times as short as 2 h and polymerization times as short as 1 h yielded satisfactory performance. Characterization of the hydrophobic polymer films obtained included static contact angles, SEM imaging, elemental analysis and XPS analysis. Treated fabrics exhibited good water repellency for several surfactants and surfactant mixtures with initial supernatant monomer concentrations of 4 mM. Surfactant mixtures were able to outperform the separate individual species in admicellar polymerization. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a major insect pest of crucifers in the biodiversity‐rich north‐western Indian Himalayan hills. The present investigation was aimed at determining the susceptibility pattern of P. xylostella populations collected from different locations of this region to autochthonous and standard Bacillus thuringiensis strains. RESULTS: Among the reference as well as indigenous B. thuringiensis strains tested, sub spp. kurstaki HD‐1, kurstaki HD‐73, galleriae HD‐8, local galleriae/colmeri strain BtOa1 and some of their Cry1 class toxins were found to be highly toxic. Surprisingly, the sub sp. tolworthi HD‐125, local tolworthi strain BtHa1 and Cry9 class toxins were found to be non‐toxic. Midgut homogenate from fourth‐instar larvae was found to activate 130 kDa protoxin from the local tolworthi strain BtHa1 into 68 kDa toxin, but failed to exert any larval mortality, probably owing to lack of receptor binding. CONCLUSION: The present study provides valuable baseline susceptibility data for the deployment of B. thuringiensis‐based control methods, as well as for future monitoring of development of resistance in P. xylostella to B. thuringiensis in this ecologically sensitive region. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Dibya Joshi Rama Dwivedi Satya P. Pachauri Arvind K. Shukla 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(8):886-897
Twenty surface (0–15 cm) samples of acidic soils were analyzed for water soluble (WS), exchangeable (EX), lead displaceable (Pb-disp.), acid soluble (AS), manganese (Mn) oxide occluded (MnOX), organically bound (OB), amorphous Fe oxide occluded (AFeOX), crystalline iron (Fe) oxide occluded (CFeOX) and residual (RES) fractions of Mn, and also for extractable Mn in some common soil extractants: (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (pH 7.3), DTPA (pH 5.3), AB-DTPA (pH 7.6), Mehlich-3 (pH 2.0), Modified Olsen, 0.005 M calcium chloride (CaCl2), 1 M magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and ion exchange resins. The WS-Mn fraction showed a significant and positive correlation with Mn extractable in DTPA (pH 5.3) and AB-DTPA (pH 7.6), while both WS-Mn and EX-Mn fractions correlated significantly and positively with Mn concentration and uptake by maize plants grown in these soils. The AB-DTPA (pH 7.6) and DTPA (pH 5.3) appeared suitable to assess the availability of Mn in acidic soils. 相似文献
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Chinmay Biswas Piyali Dey Subrata Satpathy Pratik Satya B. S. Mahapatra 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(1):17-21
Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), an entomopathogenic fungus, was introduced through seed inoculation with spore suspension as an endophyte in white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.), a bast fiber crop. Out of nine B. bassiana strains, seven, viz., ITCC 6063, ITCC 4512, ITCC 4563, ITCC 5562, ITCC 4796, ITCC 5408 and ITCC 4705, became established as endophytes. The endophytic colonization was initially detected by cultivation on selective medium. Colonization was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. Endophytic B. bassiana strains colonized in leaves of all the plants grown from treated seeds. However, the colonization frequency varied among the strains. The highest colonization frequency (70.09%) was recorded in ITCC 6063 followed by ITCC 5562 (67.67%) and ITCC 5408 (64.17%); ITCC 4512 exhibited the lowest (42.54%) colonization. ITCC 4925 and ITCC 4644 did not show any colonization. Endophytic colonization of B. bassiana reduced stem weevil infestation under pot culture. ITCC 5408 and ITCC 6063 were found most efficient, with only 10.44% and 14.06% infested plants, respectively. 相似文献
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Avinash Talukdar Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo Narrotam Prasad Sahu Parimal Sardar Muhammad Aklakur Vungarala Harikrishna Satya Prakash Nazeema Shamna Prasanta Jana 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):77-90
A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to illustrate the effect of dietary protein levels on the growth and physio‐metabolic responses of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei reared in inland saline water (ISW). Six isoenergetic (15 MJ/kg) and isolipidic (60 g/kg) diets with graded level of crude protein viz., 240 (T240), 260 (T260), 280 (T280), 300 (T300), 320 (T320) and 340 (T340) g/kg diet were formulated. Significantly higher (p < .05) weight gain (%), specific growth rate, with lower food conversion ratio were found in T320 and T340 groups. The protein utilizing efficiency and whole‐body protein content were significantly higher (p < .05) in the T320 group. Trypsin activity increased with the increasing dietary CP level but amylase activity decreased with the increasing dietary CP level. Transaminase enzymes, haemolymph protein and haemocyanin were elevated in T320 and T340 groups. The lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher (p < .05) in the T240 group. Shrimp of T240 group had the lowest (p < .05) glycogen and total haemocyte count with highest (p < .05) haemolymph glucose and antioxidant enzymes activities than the other groups. Based on the results, feeding 320 g CP/kg is found to be optimum for supporting maximum growth and health status of L. vannamei reared in ISW at 8 g/L salinity. The finding of the present study will help in developing a low‐cost feed for L. vannamei reared in ISW. 相似文献
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Pratik Satya 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(5):648-655
Use of interspecific hybridization in genetic improvement of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), a multipurpose crop, is limited by low cross‐compatibility. Previous hybridization studies suggest that part of incompatibility barrier is prezygotic. Pollen germination, stigma receptivity and growth of alien pollen on kenaf pistil were studied using wild relatives of kenaf. Four wild and semi‐domesticated species, H. surattensis, H. acetosella, H. radiatus and H. vitifolius, were used as pollen donors in the present experiment. H. radiatus exhibited highest pollen germination (65.89%) on H. cannabinus stigma. For closely related species (H. surattensis, H. acetosella, H. radiatus), stylar incompatibility was noticed, while for distantly related species H. vitifolius, the incompatibility was stigmatic. Number of pollen tubes entering ovule of H. cannabinus pistil was higher for H. radiatus (1.30). Alien pollen growth and penetration of pollen tube through ovule were higher in species sharing same genome of H. cannabinus. High callose deposition was observed in incompatible crosses, suggesting a general mechanism for prezygotic incompatibility in Hibiscus section Furcaria. Callose deposition in incompatible crosses increased with time. 相似文献
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Summary The mode of inheritance of resistance to Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) isolate G-52 in chickpea was studied in three cross combinations and their reciprocals. It was found that resistance variety I-13 was controlled by a single dominant gene pair. 相似文献
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Nair DT Johnson RE Prakash L Prakash S Aggarwal AK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5744):2219-2222
The Rev1 DNA polymerase is highly specialized for the incorporation of C opposite template G. We present here the crystal structure of yeast Rev1 bound to template G and incoming 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (dCTP), which reveals that the polymerase itself dictates the identity of the incoming nucleotide, as well as the identity of the templating base. Template G and incoming dCTP do not pair with each other. Instead, the template G is evicted from the DNA helix, and it makes optimal hydrogen bonds with a segment of Rev1. Also, unlike other DNA polymerases, incoming dCTP pairs with an arginine rather than the templating base, which ensures the incorporation of dCTP over other incoming nucleotides. This mechanism provides an elegant means for promoting proficient and error-free synthesis through N2-adducted guanines that obstruct replication. 相似文献