Introgression of low temperature tolerance and red rot resistance from Erianthus in sugarcane     

Bakshi Ram  T.V. Sreenivasan  B.K. Sahi  N. Singh 《Euphytica》2001,122(1):145-153

Eighteen clones involving Erianthus, as one of the parents, were evaluated in a randomised block design under sub-tropical conditions of Karnal (Haryana, India). Fifteen characters, which contribute towards stalk yield and juice-quality, were studied. The growth of these clones was monitored during peak winter months of December and January. Significant variability existed among the clones for all the traits studied, except for pol % in juice at 10-month crop age, indicating potentiality of the clones to select desirable types. Nine clones showed significant increase in stalk length during winter months over the better standard Co 1148. Whereas 6 clones developed more number of leaves than Co 1148. Both these characters showed high genetic variability, high heritability and hence, high expected genetic gain. Path analysis revealed that these traits contributed about 16%, 5% and 4% to the total genetic variability in juice quality traits (pol % and CCS %), stalk yield and CCS yield, respectively. Growth in winter months has resulted in an increase in stalk yield and CCS yield. This may help in reducing the yield gap between tropical and sub-tropical regions. Majority of clones showed resistance to red rot disease (major disease of sugarcane in sub-tropical region). Hence, hybridization of Erianthus with sugarcane has resulted in introgression of genes for cold tolerance and red rot resistance. As Erianthus is known for its hardiness, resistance, of these clones, to other abiotic and biotic stresses is to be ascertained. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Microsatellite Marker Based Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Cultivars, Landraces and Wild Relatives in Rice     

India being the primary center of origin for rice had a very large treasure of local land races  most of which are out of cultivation today. The exact genetic potential  their differences from commercial varieties  the magnitude of heterogeneity still present in them are not well catalogued. Hence the need to characterize the available land races has become imminent in the modem day concept of crop improvement 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):257-258

India being the primary center of origin for rice had a very large treasure of local land races, most of which are out of cultivation today. The exact genetic potential and their differences from commercial varieties and the magnitude of heterogeneity still present in them are not well catalogued. Hence the need to characterize the available land races has become imminent in the modem day concept of crop improvement （Rezai and Frey, 1990）. The present study addresses the utility of SSR markers in divulging the genetic relationships at molecular level among the major component factions office gennplasm viz., local cultivars, land races and wild species collected from a wide range of agro-geographical regions of Indian subcontinent.  相似文献   

The Location Behavior of the Multinational Enterprise: Some Analytical Issues     

Philip McCann  Ram Mudambi 《Growth and change》2004,35(4):491-524

ABSTRACT In the international business literature location behavior has traditionally been analyzed using Dunning's (1977 ) OLI framework, which focuses on the nature, role, and behavior of multinational enterprise (MNE). In this paper it is argued that this approach is now no longer appropriate for discussing the spatial behavior of MNEs, because of the fundamental changes which have taken place either in MNE organization or in the global and institutional environment for foreign direct investment (FDI). At the same time, the paper argues that current location theory from regional economics and economic geography is also largely unsuitable for discussing these issues, such that the spatial behavior of the MNE provides a set of difficult challenges to location analysts. There appears to have been some response to these issues from the international business and management literature, most notably the Porter literature on clusters. However, it is also argued here that this literature provides few, if any, real answers to the problems set by the geographical behavior of the MNE. It is concluded that a fusion of traditional economic geography approaches with a focus on the information and organizational aspects of the firm and the region under consideration may be a way forward for both theory and empirical analysis.  相似文献   

Screening wild plants of Capsicum annuum for resistance to pepper huasteco virus (PHV): Presence of viral DNA and differentiation among populations     

Sergio Hernández-Verdugo  Ramón G. Guevara-González  Rafael F. Rivera-Bustamante  Ken Oyama 《Euphytica》2001,122(1):31-36

Plants collected in thirteen wild populations of Capsicum annuum from Northwest Mexico were tested for resistance to the pepper huasteco begomovirus (formerly subgroup III) (PHV) that is transmitted by the white fly Bemisia tabaci Genadius. Plants were inoculated using both grafting and biolistic methods. Presence of viral DNA was detected by dot blot hybridization and densitometry. Populations varied in their resistance to PHV. Plants of only two of the populations either did not develop disease symptoms or showed very light symptoms after inoculation. In some cases, symptoms appeared several days after inoculation. In plants of these populations viral DNA was detected by dot-blot hybridization assays but they appear to be a good source of resistance (symptomless) for use in breeding programmes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Inheritance of a plant type mutant and its utilization in chickpea     

J. S. Sandhu  H. S. Brar  M. M. Verma 《Euphytica》1990,48(2):111-112

Summary A macro-mutant, E 100Y(M) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was found to affect several plant and seed characters. For plant type monogenic inheritance was observed. A single pair of recessive genes pt/pt was ascribed to this mutant. The mutant locus seemed to be exerting pleiotropic action. The utilization of this mutant for chickpea improvement has been discussed.  相似文献   

Wheat grain yield and stability assessed through regional trials in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia     

Ram C. Sharma  G. Ortiz-Ferrara  J. Crossa  M. R. Bhatta  M. A. Sufian  J. Shoran  A. K. Joshi  R. Chand  Gyanendra Singh  R. Ortiz 《Euphytica》2007,157(3):457-464

Improving the level and stability of grain yield is the primary objective of wheat breeding programs in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia. A regional wheat trial, the Eastern Gangetic Plains Yield Trial (EGPYT), was initiated by CIMMYT in collaboration with national wheat research programs in Bangladesh, Nepal, and India in 1999–2000 to identify wheat genotypes with high and stable grain yield, disease resistance, and superior agronomic traits for the EGP region. A set of 21 wheat experimental genotypes selected from a regional wheat screening nursery in South Asia, three improved widely grown cultivars (Kanchan, PBW343 and Bhrikuti), and one long-term cultivar (Sonalika) were tested at 9–11 sites in six wheat growing seasons (2000–2005) in the EGP. The 21 experimental genotypes were different in each year, whereas the four check cultivars were common. In each year, one or more of the experimental genotypes showed high and stable grain yield and acceptable maturity, plant height, and disease resistance compared to the check cultivars. Three improved cultivars have already been commercially released in the region through EGPYT and many germplasm lines have been used in the breeding programs as parents. Identification of wheat genotypes with high-grain yield in individual sites and high and stable yield across the EGP region underlines their value for regional wheat breeding programs attempting to improve grain yield and agronomic performance.  相似文献   

Genetical relationships between reactions to bacterial leaf spot,yellow mosaic and Cercospora leaf spot diseases in mungbean (Vigna radiata)     

R. P. Thakur  P. N. Patel  J. P. Verma 《Euphytica》1977,26(3):765-774

Summary Studies on the inheritance pattern of bacterial leaf spot (BLS), yellow mosaic (YM) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) reactions in crosses of BLS and YM resistant/tolerant but CLS susceptible × CLS resistant but BLS and YM susceptible parents indicated that resistances to BLS and CLS were governed by single dominant genes, whereas YM tolerance was a monogenic recessive character. The studies also indicated that these three genes were inherited independently. The simple inheritance pattern and independent assortment of the genes governing resistance/tolerance to these diseases suggest that the usual breeding methods will be adequate to develop multi-disease resistant mungbean cultivars.Paper XII in the series Studies on resistance in crops to bacterial diseases in India.  相似文献   

Marker assisted selection of Ty-2 and Ty-3 carrying tomato lines and their implications in breeding tomato leaf curl disease resistant hybrids     

H. C. Prasanna  Sarvesh P. Kashyap  Ram Krishna  D. P. Sinha  Suresh Reddy  V. G. Malathi 《Euphytica》2015,204(2):407-418

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Identification and Inheritance of Fertility Restorer Genes for 'tour' CMS in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)     

Y. S. Sodhi    A. K. Pradhan    J. K. Verma    N. Arumugam    A. Mukhopadhyay  D. Pental 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(3):223-227

Eighteen genotypes of Brassica napus were crossed to a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of B. napus BO 15 carrying B. tournefortii cytoplasm (‘tour’ cytoplasm). Fourteen genotypes were found to be stable maintainers of the ‘tour’ CMS. Of the remaining four genotypes, GSL-1 and ‘Asahi-natane’ were found to be heterozygous and ‘Mangun’ and ‘Yudal’ were homozygous for the restorer gene. Analysis of the F₁ and F₂ progenies of (CMS) BO 15 בMangun’ and (CMS) BO 15 בYudal’ showed that fertility restoration is controlled by a single dominant gene. The availability of a number of stable maintainer lines and the simple inheritance pattern of fertility restorer gene makes ‘tour’ CMS a useful system for hybrid seed production in rapeseed.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of resistance to shoot fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Atherigona soccata</Emphasis> in sorghum     

M.?K.?Dhillon  H.?C.?SharmaEmail author  Ram?Singh  J.?S.?Naresh 《Euphytica》2005,144(3):301-312

Summary Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata (Rondani) is an important pest of sorghum in Asia, Africa, and Mediterranean Europe, and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. The levels of resistance in the cultivated germplasm are low to moderate, and therefore, it is important to identify genotypes with different mechanisms of resistance to pyramid the resistance genes. We studied the antixenosis for oviposition, antibiosis, and tolerance components of resistance in a diverse array of shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible genotypes. The main plants and tillers of SFCR 151, ICSV 705, SFCR 125, and, IS 18551 experienced lower shoot fly deadhearts at 28 days after seedling emergence, produced more number of productive tillers. The insects fed on these genotypes also exhibited longer larval period (10.1–11.0 days compared to 9.3 days on Swarna), lower larval survival and adult emergence (54.7–67.8 and 46.7–52.2% compared to 73.3 and 60.6% on Swarna, respectively), and lower growth and adult emergence indices as compared to the susceptible check, Swarna. Physico-chemical traits such as leaf glossiness, trichome density, and plumule and leaf sheath pigmentation were found to be associated with resistance, and chlorophyll content, leaf surface wetness, seedling vigor, and waxy bloom with susceptibility to shoot fly and explained 88.5% of the total variation in deadhearts. Step-wise regression indicated that 90.4% of the total variation in deadhearts was due to leaf glossiness and trichome density. The direct and indirect effects, correlation coefficients, multiple and step-wise regression analysis suggested that deadhearts, plants with eggs, leaf glossiness, trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaf, and leaf sheath pigmentation can be used as marker traits to select for resistance to shoot fly, A. soccata in sorghum.  相似文献