Reproductive Performance and Reconception of Nellore Cows According to Their Pure‐ or Cross‐Bred Calves          下载免费PDF全文

WB Rodrigues  FS Wechsler  E Nogueira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):431-436

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of a calf's genetic group on the productive and reproductive efficiency of its Nellore dam. Fixed‐time artificial insemination was applied to 800 cows using semen extracted from Nellore, Simmental and Angus Red bulls. Four hundred eleven cows calved, producing 119 Nellore, 103 ½Simmental–½Nellore and 189 ½Nellore–½Angus Red calves. The second mating period, which paired Nellore cows with Simmental bulls, was initiated 10 days after parturitions began and lasted for 5 months. Based on the two successive parturitions, the cumulative parturition rate for calving periods of 3, 4 and 5 months was calculated. Although no significant difference was observed for birth weight among the genetic groups, cross‐bred calves weighed, on average, 10% more than did pure‐bred calves at the age of 205 days. Nellore dams experienced a gestation period that was 7 days longer than did the cross‐bred dams, and the former showed a higher parturition rate at 90 and 120 days of the calving season, but not at 150 days (calving rates of 80.6, 76.4 and 76.2% for mothers of Nellore, ½Nellore–½Angus Red and ½Nellore–½Simmental, respectively, p > 0.05). At 90 and 120 days, Nellore dams produced more kg of calf per mated dam. In conclusion, in a short breeding season, Nellore dams nursing pure‐bred Nellore calves were found to have a higher biological efficiency compared with Nellore dams nursing cross‐bred calves.  相似文献   

B‐Mode and Doppler Sonography of the Mammary Glands in Dairy Goats for Mastitis Diagnosis          下载免费PDF全文

VJC Santos  K Simplício  D Sanchez  L Coutinho  P Teixeira  F Barros  V Almeida  L Rodrigues  P Bartlewski  M Oliveira  M Feliciano  W Vicente 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(2):251-255

This study aimed to evaluate the sonographic characteristics of the udder and teats and to determine the Doppler indexes of mammary artery in healthy and undergoing subclinical and clinical mastitis goats. Thirty animals among Saanen and Alpine Brown goats were arranged in three groups, healthy goats (HG), goats with subclinical mastitis (SMG) and goats with clinical mastitis (CMG). Using the B‐mode, the sonographic characteristics (echotexture and echogenicity) and biometry (diameter and area of the udder cistern, diameter and area of the teat cistern and thickness of the teat wall) were evaluated. Using Doppler ultrasonography, the vascular indexes of the mammary artery were obtained. It was observed hyperechogenicity with solid component in the gland cistern when comparing animals with clinical mastitis and healthy mammary tissue. Regarding the echotexture of the breast tissue, there was heterogeneity in the mammary parenchyma on the three groups, for the milk, it was observed homogeneity for animals on HG and SMG and heterogeneity for animals on CMG. Grey‐scale quantitative assessment revealed increase in echogenicity (mean value) for all the structures when comparing the three groups. Biometry did not reveal statistical difference between groups, for none of the evaluated structures. Doppler examination of the mammary artery showed the decrease of end diastolic velocity and raise of pulsatility index between groups. The association of B‐mode and Doppler ultrasonography is useful for the evaluation of the udder of dairy goats with mastitis. It is a sensitive and specific method for the study of this disease. Doppler mode was unable to establish reliable criteria for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis. Moreover, the quantification of echogenicity is a useful technique for the evaluation of the milk in animals with mastitis; therefore, it is suggested that it can be used as complementary technique for the diagnosis of mastitis in goats.  相似文献   

Investigation of biofilm production and icaA and icaD genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from heifers and cows with mastitis          下载免费PDF全文

Lívia Castelani  Lucas Eduardo Pilon  Thamires Martins  Claudia Rodrigues Pozzi  Juliana Rodrigues Pozzi Arcaro 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(3):340-344

Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus are important virulence factors in cases of mastitis in dairy cows. However, few studies have investigated mastitis strains isolated from heifers. Within this context, the objective of the present study was to investigate biofilm formation on Congo red agar, the presence of the icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the percentage of in vitro antimicrobial resistance of 110 S. aureus isolates from mammary gland secretions of heifers and cows with mastitis. PCR detected the icaA and icaD genes in 98% and 100% of isolates, respectively. However, only 55.5% of all isolates produced a biofilm on Congo red agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 47.0% of isolates from heifers and 70.4% of isolates from cows were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial agents tested. Resistance to penicillin and/or ampicillin was the most frequent (44.5%). These results indicate the need to implement prophylactic and control measures of mastitis for heifers. Heifers and cows can carry resistant strains with the capacity of biofilm production, a fact representing a threat to public health and animal well‐being and generating losses to dairy farmers.  相似文献   

Assessment of coagulation utilizing thromboelastometry in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery          下载免费PDF全文

Barbara Bruno DVM  Cristiana Maurella DVM  Sara Falco DVM  Alberto Tarducci DVM  Renato Zanatta DVM  PhD  Paola Gianella DVM  PhD  DACVIM  Antonio D'Angelo DVM  PhD  DECVN  DECBHM  Lisa Piras DVM  PhD  Andrea Di Bella DVM  MRCVS  Antonio Borrelli DVM  PhD  MS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2015,25(3):358-363

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The influence of the obstetrical condition on canine neonatal pulmonary functional competence          下载免费PDF全文

Liege Garcia Silva DVM  PhD  Guilherme Vannucchi Portari PhD  Cristina Fátima Lúcio DVM  PhD  Jaqueline Aguiar Rodrigues DVM  MSc  Gisele Lima Veiga DVM  PhD  Camila Infantosi Vannucchi DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2015,25(6):725-730

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Determination of reference intervals for metabolic profile of Hanwoo cows at early,middle and late gestation periods     

Da Chuan Piao  Tao Wang  Jae Sung Lee  Renato SA Vega  Sang Ki Kang  Yun Jaie Choi  Hong Gu Lee 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,6(1)

Background

Metabolic profile was initially designed as a presymptomatic diagnostic aid based on statistical analyses of blood metabolites to provide an early warning of certain types of metabolic disorder. However, there is little metabolic profile data available about Korean Hanwoo cows. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reference intervals of metabolic profile for Korean Hanwoo cows.

Methods

Healthy animals (2,205) were selected and divided into early (day 1 to 95), middle (day 96 to 190) and late (day 191 to 285) period according to their gestating period. Metabolic profile including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), urea (UREA), glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (T-Cho), long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine (Crea), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorous (iP) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed using a TBA-40FR automatic biochemical analyzer. The data of Korean Hanwoo cows were then compared to those of the Japanese Wagyu cows.

Results

Most of the data of the Korean Hanwoo cows were relatively higher than those of Japanese Wagyu cows, with the exception of Glu and GGT. This may indicate that the nutritional level of feed for the Korean Hanwoo cows was higher than that of the Japanese Wagyu cows because of the different feeding system. In particular, relatively higher levels of UREA and LCFA were observed in the Korean Hanwoo cows, and this may also contribute to the low reproduction efficiency.

Conclusions

These findings may provide some theoretical basis for understanding the reproductive and feeding situation of Korean Hanwoo cows.  相似文献   

Physiological and metabolic properties of a digestion-resistant maltodextrin, classified as type 3 retrograded resistant starch     

Brouns F  Arrigoni E  Langkilde AM  Verkooijen I  Fässler C  Andersson H  Kettlitz B  van Nieuwenhoven M  Philipsson H  Amado R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1574-1581

There is a growing interest in highly fermentable dietary fibers having the potential to reduce risks of disease through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Recently a digestion-resistant retrograded maltodextrin (RRM), classified as type 3 resistant starch was developed. Systematic work to determine its molecular and physiological properties was carried out to determine (1) the fraction resistant to digestion in vitro and in vivo, (2) its postconsumption effect on blood glucose in healthy volunteers, and (3) its in vitro fermentation pattern, at different ages, by use of pooled fresh human fecal inoculum. RESULTS: The digestion resistant fraction obtained in vivo from ileostomy patients (59.4%) is similar to that obtained by the AOAC method for measuring retrograded resistant starch (59.7%). The relative glycemic response after consumption of 50 g of RRM was 58.5% compared to glucose set as 100%. When exposed to colonic microbiota, in vitro obtained indigestible fractions behave similarly to those obtained in vivo in ileostomy patients. Fermentation of RRM and production of butyric acid is negligible during the first months of life but develops subsequently during weaning. In adults, RRM fermentation results in a high yield of SCFA, with butyrate representing 21-31 mol % of total SCFA. The high yield of SCFA during colonic fermentation, observed from weaning age on, as well as the potential to help reduce glycemic load may be of benefit to a number of health-related functions in the host. Further study on clear clinical end points is warranted.  相似文献   

Spectrophotometric evidence for the solubilization site of betalain pigments in membrane biomimetic systems     

Liveri ML  Sciascia L  Lombardo R  Tesoriere L  Passante E  Livrea MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(8):2836-2840

The solubilization site of two betalain pigments, namely, betanin and indicaxantin, into l-alpha-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles was investigated by a spectrophotometric study. Pigment absorbance was monitored by varying phospholipid concentration, at a constant temperature that was varied in a range including the main phase transition temperature (Tm) of the relevant phospholipid bilayer. Maximum betanin absorption increased with the increase of DPPC concentration within the entire temperature range, reaching a plateau. The binding constant (Kb) of the pigment, calculated according to a pseudo-two-phase model, varied with the temperature, indicating that betanin is located at the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer. Other measurements of binding of betanin to DMPC and of indicaxanthin to either DPPC or DMPC vesicles ruled out that these compounds were solubilized in the hydrophobic interior of these bilayers.  相似文献   

Uptake and translocation of non-ionised pesticides in the emergent aquatic plant parrot feather Myriophyllum aquaticum     

de Carvalho RF  Bromilow RH  Greenwood R 《Pest management science》2007,63(8):798-802

The uptake of four (14)C-labelled non-ionised compounds, the methyl carbamoyloxime insecticide/nematicide oxamyl and three model phenylureas, from solution by rooted stems of the aquatic plant parrot feather [Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc], together with translocation to the emergent shoots, was measured over periods of 24 and 48 h. Uptake into the submerged tissues of roots and stem base could be ascribed to two processes: movement into the aqueous phase of cells and then partitioning onto the plant solids. This latter process was related to lipophilicity (as measured by the l-octanol/water partition coefficient, K(ow)) and gave rise to high uptake rates of the most lipophilic compounds. Translocation to shoots was passive and was optimal at log K(ow) approximately 1.8, at which the efficiency of translocation of compound was about 40% of that of water. This optimum log K(ow) was identical to that observed previously in barley, although the translocation efficiency was somewhat less in parrot feather. Solvation parameters were applied to model uptake and translocation of a set of ten compounds by barley with the particular objective of understanding why translocation efficiency is lower at log K(ow) > 1.8.  相似文献   

Short-term baths with essential oils of Lippia sidoides,Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale influence blood parameters and survival of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila     

Patrícia Castro Monteiro  Maria Inês Braga de Oliveira  Franmir Rodrigues Brando  Caio Francisco Santana Farias  Cludia Majolo  Francisco Clio Maia Chaves  Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo  Fernanda Loureiro de Almeida O&#x;Sullivan  Maurício Latera Martins  Edsandra Campos Chagas 《Aquaculture Research》2022,53(1):265-275

This study evaluated the effect of short-term baths with the essential oils (EOs) of Lippia sidoides, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale on the survival, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of native fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. After challenge, the fish infected with A. hydrophila received therapeutic baths of 60 min, for five consecutive days. Treatments were as follows: challenged and not treated; challenged and treated with 10 mg L^?1 of gentamicin; challenged and treated with EO of L. sidoides (2.5 and 5.0 mg L^?1); challenged and treated with EO of O. gratissimum (5.0 and 10.0 mg L^?1); challenged and treated with Z. officinale EO (5.0 and 10.0 mg L^?1). The highest survival rates were 89.5% (fish treated with 5.0 mg L^?1 of O. gratissimum EO) and 75.0% (fish treated with 5.0 mg L^?1 of L. sidoides EO). Reductions in the haematocrit percentage, haemoglobin and erythrocyte number were observed in fish treated with L. sidoides and Z. officinale EOs compared with control fish. Mild to moderate damage to the liver tissue of fish after challenge and EO treatments were observed. It is suggested that baths containing O. gratissimum and L. sidoides EOs consist in a viable treatment to increase survival rates of C. macropomum infected with A. hydrophila.  相似文献