Cascading effects of combining synthetic herbivore‐induced plant volatiles with companion plants to manipulate natural enemies in an agro‐ecosystem          下载免费PDF全文

Jordano Salamanca  Brígida Souza  Cesar Rodriguez‐Saona 《Pest management science》2018,74(9):2133-2145

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Designing price-contingent vegetable rotation schedules using agent-based simulation     

Jing LI  Daniel Rodriguez  Hao-xiang WANG  Liu-san WU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(2):461-472

Chinese vegetable production cooperatives supply their members, mostly smallholder farmers, with a rotation schedule for the year. Since vegetable prices are not stable throughout the year, designing a rotation schedule that maximizes expected profits, distributes farmers' profits more equitably, maintains the diversity of produce in the market, and reduces the risk of pests and diseases, requires adaptive, price-contingent rotation schedules (here, called “self-adaptive adjustment”). This study uses an agent-based simulation (ABS) to design self-adaptive rotation schedules that deliver these aims. The self-adaptive adjustment strategy was more profitable for farmers when faced with price volatility, and more equitable as well. This work provides a decision-support tool for managers of Chinese vegetable production cooperatives to provide farmers with more profitable and equitable rotation schedules.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity patterns in ex situ collections of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza officinalis</Emphasis> Wall. ex G. Watt revealed by morphological and microsatellite markers     

Maria Elizabeth Boncodin Naredo  Sheila Mae Quilloy Mercado  Maria Celeste Naynes Banaticla-Hilario  Myrricar Loren Berdos  Mario Alcantara Rodriguez  Kenneth Lee McNally  Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(4):733-744

This study was conducted to understand variation patterns and establish the population structure in the wild rice species, Oryza officinalis, using accessions collected across the 11 regions/areas of endemism in Asia and Oceania and conserved ex situ in the International Rice Genebank at the International Rice Research Institute. Morphological and microsatellite data detected a tendency for latitudinal divergence in O. officinalis and divided the accessions into (1) Malesian and (2) South and East Asian populations. Cluster and ordination analyses of morphological characters revealed that accessions from Malesia (Regions 1–6), Vietnam (Region 7), and Central Thailand (Region 8) showed short (16.19 ± 3.70 cm) and slender (1.53 ± 2.06 cm) flag leaves that are erect to almost horizontal, short panicles (25.19 ± 3.02 cm) and mainly purple internodes; and (3) accessions from Northern Thailand and Myanmar (Region 9), India (Region 10) and China (Region 11) characterized by long (29.57 ± 4.94 cm) and broad (2.18 ± 3.33 cm) flag leaves that are horizontal to drooping, long panicles (35.26 ± 2.63 cm) and green internodes. With 79.3 % of the SSR markers being polymorphic, molecular analyses detected an average of 5.31 alleles per marker with a total of 154 alleles. Differentiation was evident among the regions with FST = 0.2173, although there is an apparent loss of heterozygosity across regions indicated by an over-all positive FIS. Based on the results, issues related to the management of O. officinalis, specifically filling gaps in the collection and the formulation of seed multiplication practices are addressed.  相似文献   

Bovine leptospirosis in abattoirs in Uganda: Molecular detection and risk of exposure among workers     

Lordrick Alinaitwe  Clovice Kankya  Kathryn J. Allan  Sabrina Rodriguez‐Campos  Paul Torgerson  Anou Dreyfus 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(6):636-646

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease reported worldwide. In Uganda, seropositivity has been reported in both humans and domesticated animals, including cattle. However, it remains unknown whether cattle are shedding leptospires and thus acting as potential source for human leptospirosis. We conducted this cross‐sectional study in two cattle abattoirs in Kampala, Uganda between June and July 2017. Kidney and urine samples from 500 cattle sourced from across the country were analysed by real‐time PCR to establish the prevalence of Leptospira‐positive cattle and risk of exposure to abattoir workers. The species of infecting Leptospira was determined by amplification of secY gene and compared to reference sequences published in GenBank. Of 500 cattle tested, 36 (7.2%) had Leptospira DNA in their kidneys (carriers), 29 (5.8%) in their urine (shedders); with an overall prevalence (kidney and/or urine) of 8.8%. Leptospira borgpetersenii was confirmed as the infecting species in three cattle and Leptospira kirschneri in one animal. Male versus female cattle (OR = 3, p‐value 0.003), exotic versus local breeds (OR = 21.3, p‐value 0.002) or cattle from Western Uganda (OR = 4.4, p‐value 0.001) and from regions across the border (OR = 3.3, p‐value 0.032) versus from the central region were more likely to be Leptospira‐positive. The daily risk of exposure of abattoir workers to ≥1 (kidney and/or urine) positive carcass ranged from 27% (95% credibility interval 18.6–52.3) to 100% (95% CI 91.0–100.0), with halal butchers and pluck inspectors being at highest risk. In conclusion, cattle slaughtered at abattoirs in Uganda carry and shed pathogenic Leptospira species; and this may pose occupation‐related risk of exposure among workers in these abattoirs, with workers who handle larger numbers of animals being at higher risk.  相似文献   

Measurement of Dynamic Dough Density and Effect of Surfactants and Flour Type on Aeration During Mixing and Gas Retention During Proofing     

Grant M. Campbell  Roberto Herrero‐Sanchez  Roman Payo‐Rodriguez  Maria Luisa Merchan 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(3):272-277

A new method for measuring dough densities is presented, based on weighing small dough samples in air and immersed in xylene. The method can be used to evaluate the air content of low‐density doughs and to follow the changing density of a proofing dough sample. The method is applied to evaluate the effect of flour strength and surfactant addition on dough aeration and subsequent proofing. Doughs were mixed in a high‐speed mixer from two flours, a strong breadmaking flour and a weak flour. Surfactants sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) and diacetyl tartrate esters of monoglyceride (DATEM) were added at three levels, and the air content, proofing dynamics, and baked loaf quality were evaluated. The air content of dough was proportional to headspace pressure in the mixer, while the strong flour occluded less air than the weak flour. Surfactants greatly improved the volume of baked loaves but appeared to have no significant effect on air incorporation during mixing. The addition of surfactants appeared to increase the rate of growth of the dough piece during proofing, possibly due to increased bubble breakup during mixing or to increased rates of mass transfer of CO₂ into bubbles during proofing.  相似文献   

Temperature and soil moisture change microbial allocation of pesticide-derived carbon     

Johannes Wirsching  Luciana Chavez Rodriguez  Franziska Ditterich  Holger Pagel  Rushan He  Marie Uksa  Christian Zwiener  Ellen Kandeler  Christian Poll 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(5):e13417

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