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71.
Shigeru NINOMIYA Masato AOYAMA Yumiko UJIIE Ryo KUSUNOSE Atsutoshi KUWANO 《Journal of Equine Science》2008,19(3):53-56
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of straw, sawdust, coconut husk
(husk), and coconut fiber (fiber) on the welfare of stable horses by observing their
resting behavior. Twenty horses with ages ranging from 3 to 21 years were used at the
Equine Research Institute of the Japan Racing Association, Utsunomiya, Japan. Five horses
were allocated to each bedding condition. The behavior of each horse was recorded by video
camera for 3 days and was continuously sampled from 17:00 to 05:00. The total duration,
the number of bouts, and the mean and the maximum duration of bouts in standing rest,
sternal lying, and lateral lying were calculated and analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test
and post hoc Steel-Dwass test. There was no difference in the standing rest and the
sternal lying among beddings. Significant differences were observed in these values in the
lateral lying among the different beddings (P<0.05). The values of the means of the
total duration, the number of bouts, and the mean and the maximum duration of bout in the
lateral lying were greater when husk was used as the bedding material than when sawdust
were used (P<0.05). The results of the observations show that the new bedding materials
would be as usable as straw. However, lateral lying was observed less frequently when
sawdust were used as bedding; this indicates that use of sawdust as bedding material will
decrease the welfare of stabled horses. 相似文献
72.
Kanichi KUSANO Yuhiro ISHIKAWA Kazuhiro SEKI Ryo KUSUNOSE 《Journal of Equine Science》2008,19(2):25-29
Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a common cause of poor performance, interruption of
training and premature retirement in racehorses. It is also reported that up to 80% of
horses are affected at some point in the first years of training in UK and Australia.
However, no studies with regard to the information on occurrence of IAD in Japanese
Thoroughbred racehorses have been reported. To investigate the occurrence and the
characteristics of IAD, epidemic research including endoscopic examination of the airway
tract and trachea wash was conducted for Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor
performance which airway tract disease was suspected stalled in training facility managed
by Japan Racing Association. Fifty-six out of 76 Thoroughbred racehorses (73.7%)
presenting coughing or poor performance were diagnosed as IAD. Mean incidence rate of IAD
was 0.3% and it has been confirmed that constant number of IAD exists in Japan. Up to
35.7% of IAD horses showed upper airway abnormalities in some extent. There was a trend
for IAD horses to use wood shavings for bedding and fed hay from the ground compared with
the control group. Therefore, improvement of stabling environment may aid in preventing
IAD. This study demonstrated that Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses are affected by IAD
likewise other countries as well as demonstrated the characteristics of IAD which may
contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of IAD. 相似文献
73.
Wakana Izumi Yuko Takuma Ryo Ebihara Wataru Mizunoya Ryuichi Tatsumi Mako Nakamura 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(8):1214-1219
Myogenesis is precisely proceeded by myogenic regulatory factors. Myogenic stem cells are activated, proliferated and fused into a multinuclear myofiber. Pax7, paired box 7, one of the earliest markers during myogenesis. It has been reported that Pax7 regulates the muscle marker genes, Myf5 and MyoD toward differentiation. The possible roles of Pax7 in myogenic cells have been well researched. However, it has not yet been clarified if Pax7 itself is able to induce myogenic fate in nonmyogenic lineage cells. In this study, we performed experiments using stably expressed Pax7 in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes to elucidate if Pax7 inhibits adipogenesis. We found that Pax7 represses adipogenic markers and prevents differentiation. These cells showed decreased expression of PDGFRα, PPARγ and Fabp4 and inhibited forming lipid droplets. 相似文献
74.
Cortical microtubules (MTs) in differentiating compression wood tracheids of Taxus cuspidata stems were visualized by confocal laser microscopy. They were oriented obliquely at an angle of about 45° to the tracheid axis during formation of the secondary wall. Artificial inclination altered the pattern of alignment of MTs. Banding MTs were helically oriented late during the formation of the secondary walls. These results indicate that MTs might control the orientation and localized deposition of cellulose microfibrils in the secondary walls of compression wood tracheids.Part of this report was presented at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 1996 相似文献
75.
76.
Natalino da Costa Sousa Mrcia Valria Silva do Couto Higo Andrade Abe Peterson Emmanuel Guimares Paixo Carlos Alberto Martins Cordeiro Emilly Monteiro Lopes Jonathan Stuart Ready Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus Mauricio Latera Martins Jos Luiz Pereira Mourio Paulo Csar Falanghe Carneiro Alexandre Nizio Maria Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(12):3720-3728
Intensive fish farming has resulted in an increased concern for disease outbreaks. Probiotic use is one of the strategies being developed to improve fish health and productivity. Measures of probiotic colonization, growth performance, haematological characteristics and parasite load were used to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with Enterococcus faecium on growth and health of Arapaima gigas juveniles. A completely randomized design with four treatments (diet with E. faecium at 1 × 106 CFU/g and 1 × 108 CFU/g, control diet and diet with the culture medium MRS) and three replicates was used. Ninety‐six Arapaima juveniles were distributed in 12 cages fed with the specified diet for 68 days. Colonization of the intestinal tract by lactic acid bacteria reduced the total number of heterotrophic bacteria in fish fed with probiotics compared to controls. Fish fed a supplemented diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g presented higher values of weight gain, survival and fish growth uniformity, and lower values of feed conversion ratio. The prevalence of Trichodina sp. could have affected the survival of fish in the control group. Reduction in parasite load and an increase in haematocrit, the number of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, neutrophils and monocytes were also observed in fish fed the diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g. Enterococcus faecium presented a probiotic effect in A. gigas juveniles and can be recommended for use at a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/g to modify the gut microbiota, improve growth performance and haematology and reduce parasitic load. 相似文献
77.
Ryo TAKEUCHI Satoshi TAKAGI Kenji HOSOYA Hiroshi OHTA Takaharu ITAMI Masahiro OKUMURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1740
Canine gastroesophageal intussusception (GEI) is a rare and life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. A 19-day-old Siberian Husky with a 4-day history of regurgitation was diagnosed with GEI based on the findings of computed tomography (CT) performed without anesthesia. Endoscopic reduction of intussusception was impossible; thus, surgical reduction by traction of the duodenum was performed. CT revealed improvement of megaesophagus 82 days postoperatively. Eleven months postoperatively, fluoroscopy showed recovery to nearly normal esophageal motility. Two years postoperatively, no clinical signs were reported. CT is useful to diagnose GEI in neonate puppies with poor abdominal fat and to assess the gastric edema and the anatomical association of stomach with other organs. Fluoroscopy is helpful for evaluating postoperative esophageal motility. 相似文献
78.
Easy observation methods to assess the colonization levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in plant roots are crucial for studying the biology of AM symbiosis and for considering agricultural use. Many AM studies employ Trypan Blue (TB) coupled with lactic acid to stain AM fungal structures as bright-field images; however, TB staining can be difficult to use owing to its noxiousness and high viscosity. Here, we report the development of an easy method for visualizing AM fungal structures as bright-field images using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which specifically targets N-acetylglucosamine polymers and detects AM fungal cell walls, penetrated the cortical layers of 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH)-treated soybean roots and stained AM fungal mycelia in the presence of DAB and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Comparison between DAB and TB staining of soybean (Glycine max L.) roots suggested that the intactness of root systems and image contrast using DAB staining were superior. Background signals in stele observed by DAB staining were negligible as compared with those observed by WGA-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining. DAB staining, which combines the advantages of TB (easy bright-field imaging) and WGA-fluorophore (specific and high-quality) staining, provides a robust imaging method for macro- and micro-level analyses of AM roots and is applicable to at least six crops: soybean, onion (Alium cepa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). 相似文献
79.
Tanaka Kenzo Ryo Furutani Daisuke Hattori Joseph Jawa Kendawang Sota Tanaka Katsutoshi Sakurai Ikuo Ninomiya 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(6):365-372
Although allometric equations can be used to accurately estimate biomass and/or carbon stock in forest ecosystems, few have
been developed for logged-over tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia. We developed allometric relationships between tree
size variables (stem diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree height) and leaf, branch, stem and total above-ground biomass
in two logged-over tropical rainforests with different soil conditions in Sarawak, Malaysia. The study sites were originally
classified as mainly lowland dipterocarp forest and have been selectively logged in the past 20 years. In total, 30 individuals
from 27 species were harvested to measure above-ground parts. The correlation coefficients for the allometric relationships
obtained for total above-ground biomass as a function of dbh had high values (0.99), although the relationships for leaf biomass
had a relatively low coefficient (0.83). We also found relatively high coefficients for allometric relationships between tree
height and plant-part biomass, ranging from 0.82 to 0.97. Moreover, there were no differences for allometric equations of
total above-ground biomass between study sites. A comparison of equations of above-ground biomass in various previously reported
tropical rainforests and pan-tropic general equations imply that our allometric equations differ largely from the equations
for tropical primary forests, early successional secondary forest, and even for the general models. Therefore, choosing the
biomass estimation models for above-ground biomass in the logged-over forests of Southeast Asia requires careful consideration
of their suitability. 相似文献
80.
Ryo Nozu Ryo Horiguchi Ryosuke Murata Yasuhisa Kobayashi Masaru Nakamura 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(1):47-51
The three-spot wrasse (Halichoeres trimaculatus), which inhabits the coral reefs of Okinawa, changes sex from female to male. Sex change in this species is controlled by a social system. Oocytes disappear completely from the ovary, and male germ cells and somatic cells comprising testicular tissue arise a new during the sex change process. However, little is known of the fate and origin of the gonadal tissue-forming cells during sex change. In particular, the fate of ovarian somatic cells has not been determined, although the ovarian tissue regresses histologically. To approach this question, we analyzed apoptosis and cell proliferation in the sex-changing gonads. Unexpectedly, we found that few apoptotic somatic cells were present during sex change, suggesting that ovarian somatic cells might survive during the regression of the ovarian tissue. On the other hand, cell proliferation was detected in many granulosa cells surrounding the degenerating oocytes, a few epithelial cells covering ovigerous lamella and a few somatic cells associated with gonial germ cells at an early stage of sex change. Then, we found that proliferative ovarian somatic cells remained in the gonads late in the sex change process. Based on these results, we concluded that some functional somatic cells of the ovary are reused as testicular somatic cells during the gonadal sex change in the three-spot wrasse. 相似文献