Enarthrocarpus lyratus-based cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restorer system in Brassica rapa     

J. S. Deol    K. R. Shivanna    S. Prakash  S. S. Banga  G. Robbelen 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(5):438-440

Substituting the nuclear genome of Brassica rapa into the cytoplasmic background of Enarthrocarpus lyratus through backcross substitution helped in developing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Alloplasmic male sterile plants had pale green leaves, small flowers with narrow petals and rudimentary anthers. Female fertility, low initially, improved considerably with advanced backcross generations. Male sterility expression was stable throughout the growing season. Except for EC 339014, all B. rapa accessions (38) evaluated were partial maintainers of the male sterility. Introgression of gene(s) for fertility restoration from the cytoplasm donor species was facilitated by homoeologous pairing between B. rapa and E. lyratus genomes, as was apparent from the very frequent occurrence of a trivalent in the monosomic addition plants (2n = 10 II + 1 I). Backcrossing of fertile monosomic addition plants with B. rapa led to the recovery of male fertile plants possessing the stable euploid chromosome number (2n = 20). These plants restored male fertility in crosses with different (lyr) CMS B. rapa genotypes, confirming the introgression of fertility restorer gene(s) from E. lyratus, the cytoplasm donor species.  相似文献   

First evidence of Kunjin strain of West Nile virus associated with saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) skin lesions     

SR Isberg  JL Moran  R De Araujo  N Elliott  SS Davis  L Melville 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(10):390-393

Recently, the Kunjin strain of West Nile virus (WNV_KUN) has been detected using qRT‐PCR in belly skin lesions of farmed juvenile saltwater crocodiles. This follows an established association between similar lesions and West Nile virus in American alligators. The lesions present as cutaneous lymphohistiocytic aggregates in the dermal layers of both species. While these lesion do not create an obvious defect on the live crocodile, upon tanning the lesion area collapses and does not uptake the dye evenly, thus reducing its aesthetic appeal. As a result, skins are being rejected jeopardising the economic viability of the Australian crocodile industry. Over 50 skin lesions have since been confirmed as WNV_KUN‐positive and preliminary evidence of lesion restructuring is presented. Horizontal transmission of WNV_KUN by mosquitoes is well‐established but other transmission routes, such as ingestion and cloacal shedding, need further evaluation. An infection trial is currently underway to ensure WNV_KUN is the causative agent of these skin lesions.  相似文献   

Current situations of animal data recording,dairy improvement infrastructure,human capacity and strategic issues affecting dairy production in sub-Saharan Africa     

Opoola  O.  Mrode  R.  Banos  G.  Ojango  J.  Banga  C.  Simm  G.  Chagunda  M. G. G. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(6):1699-1705

An online survey on the state of existing dairy data, dairy improvement infrastructure and human capacity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was undertaken with the aim of assessing whether the state of existing animal recording, dairy improvement methods and key issues facing dairy production together with means of addressing the issues differ among countries and regions of SSA. Respondents comprised experts and practitioners in livestock production and genetic resources from research institutes, animal breeding companies, universities, non-governmental organisations and government agricultural ministries. The main dairy farming system in which the respondents were involved was mixed crop-livestock system (30.2%), and this was mainly practised in the private land tenure system (46.3%). Data were analysed using linear model and paired Student t test in R software package. Respondents identified key issues affecting dairy production as poor genetic assessment of imported exotic breeds and crosses in Africa (62.3%), fluctuations in milk prices within both the formal and informal markets (50.9%), no comprehensive sire ranking systems (39.6%), housing and health management regimes which adversely affect milk yield (32.1%), poor market networks for dairy products (25.5%), poor feeding (13.3%), inadequate genetic technologies (9.4%) and poor animal performance recording systems (9.4%). Respondents emphasised the need for updated breeding policies, sire ranking systems, adequate farm management systems, capacity building, across-country collaborations and joint genetic assessments of dairy breeds found in sub-Saharan Africa. The current situation of dairy production though similar for the different countries, differed in order of emphasis and magnitude across the countries and regions in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Clinical and pathological responses of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) to experimental infection with bovine ephemeral fever virus—Chinese strain     

BAI WENBIN  ZHANG ZIGANG  JIANG CHUNLING  MF. UREN  SS. DAVIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(11):373-374

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Selection of carrots for carotene content     

O. Banga  J. W. De Bruyn 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):203-211

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The spread of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection to unvaccinated and vaccinated sheep     

MW PATON  SS SUTHERLAND†  IR ROSE  RA HART†  AR MERCY†  TM ELLIS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(7):266-269

SUMMARY The decrease in the prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis after two generations of vaccination against the disease it causes, was used to estimate the rate of control of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). Three groups of 150 sheep, of which 50 in each group were artificially infected with C pseudotuberculosis and 100 in each group were uninfected sheep, were run separately for 40 months and shorn 5 times to promote the spread of CLA. One lot of 50 infected sheep and 2 lots of 100 uninfected sheep were vaccinated against CLA. The rate of spread of CLA was recorded. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and naturally exposed to infection had a 74% lower infection rate than unvaccinated sheep. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and exposed to only vaccinated infected sheep had a 97% lower infection rate. Unvaccinated sheep had a 76% infection rate, with 77% of the transmission occurring at the 4th and 5th shearings, without any discharging CLA abscesses being observed. This study supports the view that in Australian wool producing flocks, CLA spreads mainly from sheep with discharging lung abscesses to sheep with shearing cuts. Vaccinated sheep infected with CLA have 96% fewer lung abscesses compared with unvaccinated infected sheep and are therefore less likely to spread this disease to other sheep .  相似文献   

New infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis reduces wool production   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MW PATON  IR ROSE  RA HART†  SS SUTHERLAND†  AR MERCY†  TM ELLIS†  JA DHALIWAL‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(2):47-49

SUMMARY The effect of natural Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection on wool production and quality in sheep was examined in light of evidence that artificial C pseudotuberculosis infection causes wool production loss. A toxin ELISA was used to identify sheep that had been infected with C pseudo tuberculosis. Greasy and clean fleece weights and fibre diameter were compared in infected and uninfected sheep. C pseudotuberculosis infection caused a 3.8 to 4.8% decrease in greasy wool production and a 4.1 to 6.6% decrease in clean wool production. C pseudotuberculosis infection did not affect fibre diameter. The effects of caseous lymphadenitis (the disease caused by C pseudotuberculosis infection) cause an annual loss of about $17 million in wool production to the Australian wool industry.  相似文献   

International conference on the improvement of vegetable varieties at Wageningen,Netherlands, on August 26 and 27, 1955     

O. Banga 《Euphytica》1956,5(1):18-32

Summary A summary is given of the reports and discussions of the international conference on principal trends in the development of new vegetable varieties, at Wageningen, Netherlands, on August 26, 1955. This conference was attended by some fifty representatives of seventeen countries. The discussions included the following items: adaptation to food habits and consumers preferences, to ecological conditions, to disease resistance, to production types and harvesting techniques, and to handling, transportation, storage, and processing requirements. The exchange of facts and ideas was very fruitful. It was agreed to keep in touch with each other and hold a meeting of this kind at every future International Horticultural Congress.  相似文献   

The effect of selenium supplementation on antibody response to bacterial antigens in merino sheep with a low selenium status     

TM ELLIS  HG MASTERS  L HUSTAS  SS SUTHERLAND  R EVANS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(6):226-228

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The effect of selenium supplementation on immunity, and the establishment of an experimental Haemonchus contortus infection, in weaner Merino sheep fed a low selenium diet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PD JELINEK  T ELLIS  RH WROTH  SS SUTHERLAND  HG MASTERS  DS PETTERSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(7):214-217

SUMMARY: Immunity in 12 weaner Merino sheep fed a low selenium (Se) diet (low Se sheep) was compared with that in 10 matching sheep fed the same diet but each given an intraruminal Se pellet (high Se sheep), while the sheep were housed in individual, sheltered pens. All sheep were challenged with killed Brucella abortus cells (days 0 and 28), rabbit red blood cells (days 0, 7 and 28) and corynebaclerium pseudotuberculosis toxoid (days 0 and 28), and serum antibody titres were measured weekly for 8 weeks from day 0. The sheep were then experimentally infected with Haemonchus conforfus, and slaughtered 8 weeks later. The mean antibody titre to B. abortus, measured by 4 different tests, was significantly higher in the high Se sheep on occasions during the primary immune response phase (Rose Bengal test - day 21 (p < 0.05), day 28 (p < 0.025); complement fixation - day 7 (p < 0.05); enzyme-llnked immunosorbent assay - day 14 (p < 0.01); serum agglutination - no differences), but not during the secondary phase. The mean antibody titre to rabbit red blood cells, measured by haemagglutination test, was marginally higher in the high Se sheep on day 49 (p = 0.049). The mean antibody titre to C. pseudotuberculois, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was not significantly different between the groups at any time during the trial. In addition, the mean invitro responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin in the high Se sheep was significantly greater than that in 10 sheep from the low Se group on day 22 (p < 0.01), but not day 50. However, there were no significant differences in the mean number of sheep in which the infection with H. contortus established, time to first shedding of eggs in faeces, abomasal worm burdens at necropsy, or inflammatory response in the abomasal mucosa in the sheep in each group. The results showed that the low Se sheep produced strong overall immune responses that were largely comparable to those in the high Se sheep.  相似文献