Dietary intake and the insulin-like growth factor system: effects of migration in two related populations in India and Britain with markedly different dietary intake     

Heald AH  Sharma R  Anderson SG  Vyas A  Siddals K  Patel J  Bhatnagar D  Prabharkaran D  Rudenski A  Hughes E  Durrington P  Gibson JM  Cruickshank JK 《Public health nutrition》2005,8(6):620-627

BACKGROUND: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: We report the effects of total energy intake on the IGF system in two populations with markedly different dietary macronutrient intake and cardiovascular event rate. DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Dietary macronutrient intake was measured in a specific Gujarati migrant community in Sandwell, UK (n=205) compared with people still resident in the same villages of origin in India (n=246). Fasting IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-3, insulin and glucose (0 and 2-hour) were measured. RESULTS: Total energy and total fat intake were higher in UK migrants, as were IGFBP-3 and IGF-I (mean (95% confidence interval): 145.9 (138.1-153.6) vs. 100.9 (94.6-107.3) ng ml(-1); F=76.6, P<0.001). IGFBP-1 was lower in UK migrants (29.5 (25.9-33.0) vs. 56.5 (50.6-62.5) microg l(-1); F=48.4, P<0.001). At both sites, IGF-I correlated positively with total energy (Spearman's rho=0.45, P<0.001) and total fat (rho=0.44, P<0.001) as did IGFBP-3 with total energy (rho=0.21, P<0.05) and fat (rho=0.26, P<0.001). Conversely, in Indian Gujaratis, IGFBP-1 fell with increasing total energy (rho=-0.27, P<0.001) and fat intake (rho=-0.26, P<0.01) but not in UK Gujaratis. Multiple linear regression modelling showed that increasing quartiles of fat intake were associated with higher IGF-I (beta=0.42, P=0.007) independent of age, body mass index, plasma insulin, fatty acids and 2-hour glucose. CONCLUSION: In these genetically similar groups, migration to the UK and adoption of a different diet is associated with marked changes in the IGF system, suggesting that environmental factors profoundly modulate serum concentrations and actions of IGFs.  相似文献   

APEX model simulation of runoff and sediment losses for grazed pasture watersheds with agroforestry buffers     

Sandeep?KumarEmail author  Ranjith?P.?Udawatta  Stephen?H.?Anderson  Ashish?Mudgal 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,83(1):51-62

Buffers have been found to reduce non-point source pollution (NPSP) from watersheds. Hydrologic simulation models assist in predicting the effects of buffers on runoff and sediment losses from small watersheds. The objective of this study was to calibrate, validate and simulate runoff and sediment losses and compare buffer effects on NPSP losses relative to control watersheds (no buffer) for seven years. The experimental design consists of four watersheds under pasture management which were monitored from 2002 through 2008; two with agroforestry buffers (AgB 100 and AgB 300) and two control watersheds (CW 400 and CW 600). Pasture areas included red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and lespedeza (Kummerowia stipulacea Maxim.) planted into fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) while the agroforestry buffer area included Eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoids Bortr. ex Marsh.) planted into fescue. The APEX model was calibrated from 2002 to 2005 and was validated from 2006 to 2008. The r ² and NSE values for the calibration and validation periods of the runoff varied from 0.52 to 0.78 and 0.50 to 0.74, respectively. The model did not predict sediment loss very well probably due to insufficient number of measured events and low measured sediment loss. The measured runoff was 57% higher for CW watersheds compared to AgB watersheds. The measured sediment loss was 95% higher for CW watersheds compared to AgB watersheds. After calibrating and validating the model, it was run for long-term scenario analyses for 10 years from 1999 to 2008. Simulated buffer width had a significant influence on runoff. Simulated runoff decreased by 24% when the buffer width was doubled compared to losses associated with the measured buffer width. Simulated runoff from the CW watersheds was 11% higher with double stocking density (relative to measured density) compared to AgB watersheds with double stocking density. With half stocking density (relative to measured density), the AgB watershed had 18% lower runoff compared to CW. Results from this study imply that establishment of agroforestry buffers on grazed pasture watersheds reduce runoff and sediment losses compared to control watersheds without buffers.  相似文献   

Uptake and bioconcentration of dieldrin,dimethoate, and permethrin by Tetrahymena pyriformis     

Pradeep Bhatnagar  Surendar Kumar  Rup Lal 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,40(3-4):345-349

A ciliate protozoan, Tetrahymenapyriformis was exposed to three insecticides, dieldrin, dimethoate, and permethrin for 12 hr to study the uptake and bioconcentration potential. Ciliates concentrated 922, 3547, and 1056 gg g^?1 dry wt. over an initial concentration of 1 gg mL^?1 of dieldrin, dimethoate, and permethrin, respectively. The highest bioconcentration factor for three insecticides was 2095, 3547, and 1110, respectively. It is suggested that if levels in the environment reach 1 gg mL^?1 the chief effects would be reduction of cell population, and accumulation of the toxicants by ciliates. Accumulation of insecticides by ciliates would permit the toxicants to enter aquatic food chains. Thus the compounds could exert toxic effects at higher trophic levels.  相似文献   

APPLIED VETERINARY HISTOLOGY. SECOND EDITION          下载免费PDF全文

M.K. Bhatnagar 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1988,52(3):398

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Fatty haemorrhagic liver syndrome in laying hens on diets supplemented with rapeseed products.     

S Yamashiro  M K Bhatnagar  J R Scott  S J Slinger 《Research in veterinary science》1975,19(3):312-321

Livers of laying hens of Hy-Line No 934E on low erucic acid rapeseed meals and rapeseed oil were studied. Gross lesions in the livers of hens on experimental diets were moderate to severe fatty degeneration, focal necrosis and moderate to severe haemorrhage. Histological examination revealed oedematous foci and lysis of hepatocytes along with large amounts of lipid droplets in the necrotic lesions. Necrotic lesions were not always associated with large haemorrhages. Connective tissue infiltration of older degenerative and haemorrhagic lesions was not extensive. Abdominal haemorrhage from livers occurred when extensive necrosis in the form of hepatocyte lysis and some vascular changes were present, suggesting hepatocytic degeneration caused by toxic products or their metabolites present in rapeseed by-products.  相似文献   

Wheat root distribution,water extraction pattern and grain yield as influenced by time and rate of irrigation     

T.N. Chaudhary  V.K. Bhatnagar 《Agricultural Water Management》1980,3(2):115-124

The effect of first irrigation (26, 40 and 54 days after seeding) and the rate of irrigation (5.5, 7.5 and 9.5 cm) applied subsequently at $\text{IW}\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>pan</mtext>}}$ ratio of 0.9 on wheat root distribution, water extraction pattern and grain yield was studied on a barrier-free, sandy loam soil. The crop developed a more extensive root system when the first irrigation was applied after 26 days than after 40 and 54 days. With the first irrigation on the 26th day, the crop, receiving subsequent irrigations less frequently but at a heavier rate, developed a deeper root system than the crop receiving frequent, light irrigations. The water extraction pattern corresponded with the root distribution pattern. A relatively small difference in root density in the deeper layers caused a greater difference in soil water content than in the upper layers. Light and frequent irrigations produced maximum grain yields. However, for developing an extensive root system and enhancing water utilization in the subsoil, an early, light irrigation with subsequent irrigations applied less frequently at a relatively heavier rate seems desirable.  相似文献   

Ultrastructural alterations in the kidneys of Pekin ducks fed methylmercury.          下载免费PDF全文

S M Snelgrove-Hobson  P V Rao    M K Bhatnagar 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1988,52(1):89-98

Ultrastructural alterations in the kidneys of Pekin ducks were studied after subchronic exposure to methylmercury chloride. Twenty-four male and twenty-four female Pekin ducks, 12 weeks of age were fed 0.0 (control), 0.5, 5.0 and 15.0 parts per million of MeHgCl, mixed in a mash diet for 12 weeks. Birds were observed for clinical signs daily. Kidneys were fixed in situ by perfusion with 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M phosphate buffer and routinely processed for electron microscopy. Only minor morphological changes were observed in the renal corpuscle of ducks in the 0.5 ppm group. The component cells of the renal corpuscle in the 5.0 and 15.0 ppm groups showed several ultrastructural alterations, including an increase in number and size of lysosomes and vacuoles in podocytes and mild vacuolation in mesangial cells. The juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arterioles had crystallized granules. No significant changes were observed in glomerular basement membrane thickness and width of podocyte pedicels. The proximal tubules of the 5.0 and 15.0 ppm groups showed some microvillar loss and an increase in the number and size of lipid droplets, vacuoles and lysosomal bodies. The distal tubular changes in the 5.0 and 15 ppm groups included electron lucency and vacuolation of cytoplasm as well as occasional mitochondrial swelling. The collecting ducts of 5.0 ppm and 15.0 ppm groups showed varying degrees of degenerative changes in both mucus secretory as well as absorptive cells. These results suggest that subchronic exposure of Pekin ducks to methylmercury chloride causes subtle ultrastructural changes in renal corpuscle and marked ultrastructural changes in proximal tubules and collecting ducts.  相似文献   

Histopathologic and electron microscopic studies on the acute toxicity of ochratoxin A in rats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M A Albassam  S I Yong  R Bhatnagar  A K Sharma  M G Prior 《Veterinary pathology》1987,24(5):427-435

Ochratoxin A was given by gavage to male rats. Moribund and dead animals were necropsied, and the surviving rats, including the controls, were killed 48 hours after dosing. Many of the principal rats were moribund, or began dying, within 12 to 24 hours after dosing. Lesions suggestive of disseminated intravascular coagulation were seen by light microscopy as early as 12 hours after dosing; fibrin deposits were in the spleen, brain choroid plexus, glomerular capillaries, liver, and heart. Renal tubular nephrosis, hepatic and lymphoid necrosis, and necrotic enteritis with villous atrophy were also seen. Electron microscopy demonstrated fibrin strands mixed with degranulated platelets, necrotic leukocytes, and swollen endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries. Myocardial changes included focal supercontracted sarcomeres adjacent to intercalated disks. Swollen sarcolemma, lysed myofibrils and fragmented Z-bands with interstitial edema, vascular thrombosis, and endothelial damage were also seen. The acute pathologic changes induced by ochratoxin A in the intestine, liver, and lymphoid tissues were more obvious than the tubular nephrosis, and the development of a disseminated intravascular coagulation-like syndrome with myocardial changes was a complicating factor.  相似文献   

Some observations in sheep during antirabic vaccine production     

M L Kalia  V K Bhatnagar  A S Grewal 《The Indian veterinary journal》1967,44(2):104-109

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Expression of drought responsive genes in pigeonpea and in silico comparison with soybean cDNA library     

Nagaraja Deeplanaik  Ramesh Chapeyil Kumaran  Krishna Venkatarangaiah  Santosh Kumar Hulikal Shivashankar  Dadakhalandar Doddamani  Sandeep Telkar 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(4):243-251

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