Improving hybrid rice parental lines for blast resistance by introgression of broad-spectrum resistance genes Pi54 and Pi9 by marker-assisted selection     

Thota Soujanya  Srinivas Prasad Madamsetty  Sandeep G  Vipparthi Hemalatha  Yamini K N  Edukondalu Bandela  Hari Prasad A S  Meenakshi Sundaram Raman  Revathi Ponnuswamy 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(3):300-311

Hybrid rice technology offers a great promise to produce 15% to 20% more yield than pure line varieties. The success of hybrid rice hinges on developing superior parental lines. To improve the blast resistance of hybrid rice parental line RP5933-1-19-2R, crosses were made with donors of two major blast resistance genes namely, Pi54 (Tetep) and Pi9 (IR71033–121-15) and the resulting F₁s were confirmed for their hybridity by using Pi54MAS and NMSMPi9-1 genic markers. The confirmed F₁s were intercrossed to obtain ICF₁s and selected positive plants by markers were backcrossed to the recurrent parent, as well as selfed for advancing further to BC₁F₃ and ICF₄ generations. The segregating plants were phenotyped for blast resistance at Uniform Blast Nursery. The identified complete restorers namely, RP 6619-1, RP 6616-26, RP 6619-3 and RP 6619-11 with Pi9 and Pi54 genes would serve as donors for broad spectrum blast resistance. This could ultimately lead to the development of new rice hybrids with improved resistance to blast disease, which is crucial for sustainable rice production and food security.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of skin mucus of three carp species     

Kumari  Sunil  Tyor  Anil Kumar  Bhatnagar  Anita 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(3):225-239

International Aquatic Research - Studies were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial potency of skin mucus collected from three carp species; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Ctenopharyngodon idella,...  相似文献   

A reproducible protocol for the production of gynogenic haploids of mulberry, Morus alba L.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Dennis Thomas  A.K. Bhatnagar  M.K. Razdan  S.S. Bhojwani 《Euphytica》1999,110(3):169-173

Gynogenic haploids of a female clone of mulberry (Morus alba L. Cv. K-2) were produced by unpollinated ovary culture. Segments from in vitro developed inflorescences were cultured on MS+ BAP (8.5 μM)+2,4-D (4.5 μM) and after three weeks individual ovaries were transferred to MS+2,4-D (4.5 μm)+glycine (6660 μM)+proline (1738 μM). In this treatment sixteen per cent of the ovaries developed a gynogenic seedling. The gynogenic plants have been established in soil. Out of twenty gynogenic plants examined cytologically, twelve showed the haploid number of chromosomes (2n=x=14) and the other eight were aneuploids, with 13–17 chromosomes in their root tip cells. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Functional diversity of RING E3 ligases of major cereal crops in response to abiotic stresses     

Sandeep Chapagain  Yong Chan Park  Cheol Seong Jang 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(5):351-357

Abiotic stresses significantly reduce the grain yield and productivity of cereal crops, especially rice, and this may affect food security in the future. Different abiotic stress adaptation pathways have been investigated and depicted in plants. Among these, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been studied as a key mechanism to understand the protein regulation pathways that enhance the adaptation and survival of plants under various environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, cold, and toxic metalloid exposure. RING E3 ligases constitute a highly diverse and important enzyme group that acts within the 26S UPS, and it also plays a crucial role as a central regulator of plant physiological and cellular processes. This review aimed to highlight recent findings and discoveries regarding the different stress-induced RING E3 ligase genes of major cereal crops and their functions via ubiquitination pathways under different environmental stress conditions. Such genes regulate different physiological responses including protein stabilization, cell membrane integrity, regulation of stomatal opening, and the maintenance of meristematic cells, and they also regulate reactive oxygen species and heavy metal levels via ubiquitination in plants. Hence, the ubiquitination process is considered a potential target for the development of abiotic stress-tolerant crops, and it might be used as an excellent mechanism for stress-tolerant crop improvement programs.  相似文献   

Fidelity of a simple Liberty leaf-painting assay to validate transgenic maize plants expressing the selectable marker gene,bar     

K. Rajasekaran  R. Majumdar  C. Sickler  Q. Wei  J. Cary  D. Bhatnagar 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(4):628-636

Screening of gene manipulation events (transgenic, mutation/genome editing, etc.) is a cost/labor-intensive and time-consuming process in plant science research. While polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most commonly used method for screening, the process still requires efficient DNA extraction and subsequent confirmation. However, PCR cannot predict gene expression. To screen a larger number of transgenic plants, it would be ideal to develop a quick and reliable screening procedure. We have applied a Liberty^® leaf-painting method (against bar gene under 4x35S promoter) to screen transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) plants and validated the results through PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Liberty leaf painting at 500 mg L^?1a.i. was > 95% accurate in identifying transgenic events that agreed with the PCR results. Further investigation of bar gene expression in sensitive lines that were PCR positive shows very low expression of the bar gene. We have provided a simple, and rapid assay to determine the transgene expression potential of maize plants expressing the bar gene. The herbicide can be applied to a fully expanded leaf and evaluated one week after application. Green or partially green leaf blades indicate high or moderately high expression of the bar gene and a total yellowing indicates absence or extremely low expression of the bar gene in the transgenic plants. A small volume of Liberty solution is adequate to test hundreds of maize plants, and the assay is reproducible with a high frequency (> 95%) and also displays good correlation with gene expression in planta.  相似文献   

Glyceollins, soy isoflavone phytoalexins, improve oral glucose disposal by stimulating glucose uptake     

Boué SM  Isakova IA  Burow ME  Cao H  Bhatnagar D  Sarver JG  Shinde KV  Erhardt PW  Heiman ML 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(25):6376-6382

Soy glyceollins, induced during stress, have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we used prediabetic rats to examine the glyceollins effect on blood glucose. During an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the blood glucose excursion was significantly decreased in the rats treated with oral administration of either 30 or 90 mg/kg glyceollins. Plasma analysis demonstrated that glyceollins are absorbed after oral administration, and duration of exposure extends from 20 min to at least 4 h postadministration. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to glyceollins significantly increased both insulin-stimulated and basal glucose uptake. Basal glucose uptake was increased 1.5-fold by exposure to 5 μM glyceollin in a dose-response manner. Coincubation with insulin significantly stimulated maximal glucose uptake above basal uptake levels and tended to increase glucose uptake beyond the levels of either stimulus alone. On a molecular level, polymerase chain reaction showed significantly increased levels of glucose transporter GLUT4 mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, especially when the cells were exposed to 5 μM glyceollins for 3 h in vitro. It correlated with elevated protein levels of GLUT4 detected in the 5 μM glyceollin-treated cells. Thus, the simulative effect of the glyceollins on adipocyte glucose uptake was attributed to up-regulation of glucose transporters. These findings indicate potential benefits of the glyceollins as an intervention in prediabetic conditions as well as a treatment for type 1 and type 2 diabetes by increasing both the insulin-mediated and the basal, insulin-independent, glucose uptake by adipocytes.  相似文献   

Effect of arsenic contamination on bacterial and fungal biomass and enzyme activities in tropical arsenic-contaminated soils     

Suvendu Das  Jiin-Shuh Jean  Sandeep Kar  Sukalyan Chakraborty 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(6):757-765

The importance of assessing the impacts of soil arsenic (As) contamination on microbial properties lay on the fact that microbes are instrumental in nutrient cycling and are therefore indicators of soil quality. In this study, soil chemical extraction methods were used to extract labile and freely exchangeable As (water-soluble As and sodium bicarbonate-extractable As), amorphous/crystalline Fe and Mn oxide-bound As (acid ammonium oxalate-extractable As and hydroxylamine hydrochloride-extractable As), and their impacts on microbial biomass (microbial biomass C, total bacterial and fungal biomass, active bacterial and fungal biomass), enzyme activities representing four major soil biogeochemical cycles, i.e., C (β-glucosidase activity), N (urease activity), P (acid phosphomonoesterase activity), S (acryl-sulfatase activity), and microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and dehydrogenase activity) were investigated in As-contaminated soils of Ambagarh Chauki block, Chhattisgarh, Central India. The results revealed that the majority of the As in soils resided in the Fe/Mn oxide-bound fraction. The microbial biomass C, total and active fungal biomass, and enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by all the forms of As. However, water-soluble As, even though occupying only a small portion of the total As (0.9–2.9 %), exerted the greatest impact. Interestingly, total and active bacterial biomass was not significantly affected by As toxicity, suggesting their resistance to As. Urease activity was not affected by As pollution.  相似文献   

SOIL POTASSIUM FRACTIONS IN RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM AFTER TWELVE YEARS OF LANTANA RESIDUE INCORPORATION IN A NORTHWEST HIMALAYAN ACID ALFISOL     

Sandeep Sharma  Girish Chander  T. S. Verma  Sudhir Verma 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1809-1820

A long-term field experiment with rice-wheat cropping was started in the wet season of 1988 with four levels of lantana (Lantana camara L.) (0, 10, 20, and 30 Mg ha^?1 on fresh weight basis) and three tillage practices (No puddling, puddling, and soil compaction). From wet season of 1997, however, three tillage practices were replaced with three levels of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) to rice (33, 66, and 100% of recommended) and 66% of recommended N, phosphorus (P), and K to wheat. Phosphorus was totally omitted for the rice crop. The recommended N and K for rice was 90 and 40 kg ha^?1, whereas the recommendations for N, P, and K for wheat were 120, 90 and 30 kg ha^?1. Organic amendments are known to improve soil productivity under rice-wheat cropping by improving physical conditions and nutrient status of the soil, but their availability is restricted. There is a need to identify locally available and cost-effective organic materials that have minimal alternate uses as fodder and fuel. We evaluated Lantana camara L. residues, a fast-growing weed in nearby wastelands, as a potential soil organic amendment. Among the different fractions of K, nonexchangeable K was dominant followed by exchangeable and water soluble K. The incorporation of lantana (10 to 30 Mg ha^?1) over the last 12 years has resulted in a significant build-up of all the K fractions, the maximum being in water-soluble K (10 to 32%) followed by exchangeable K (18 to 27%) and least in nonexchangeable K (5 to 7%) over no lantana incorporation. The increasing levels of these two inputs significantly and consistently increased ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc)- extracted K (available K) content in soil and also resulted in significantly higher accumulation of K by the crops during the years of experimentation. Among different K fractions, exchangeable K was observed to be the most important K fraction contributing towards wheat and rice yields as well as K accumulation by wheat and rice. Stepwise multiple regression equations indicated that exchangeable K was the most important variable contributing towards total variation in grain yield and K accumulation by wheat or rice.  相似文献   

Relationships Between Transpiration Efficiency and Its Surrogate Traits in the rd29A:DREB1A Transgenic Lines of Groundnut     

M. J. Devi  P. Bhatnagar‐Mathur  K. K. Sharma  R. Serraj  S. Y. Anwar  V. Vadez 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(4):272-283

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Cadherin-11 in synovial lining formation and pathology in arthritis     

Lee DM  Kiener HP  Agarwal SK  Noss EH  Watts GF  Chisaka O  Takeichi M  Brenner MB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5814):1006-1010

The normal synovium forms a membrane at the edges of joints and provides lubrication and nutrients for the cartilage. In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovium is the site of inflammation, and it participates in an organized tissue response that damages cartilage and bone. We identified cadherin-11 as essential for the development of the synovium. Cadherin-11-deficient mice have a hypoplastic synovial lining, display a disorganized synovial reaction to inflammation, and are resistant to inflammatory arthritis. Cadherin-11 therapeutics prevent and reduce arthritis in mouse models. Thus, synovial cadherin-11 determines the behavior of synovial cells in their proinflammatory and destructive tissue response in inflammatory arthritis.  相似文献