汞矿区周围环境及畜禽砷、铅、铬污染情况调查     

覃朗  万洁妤  艾淼  施云刚  吴荣华  欧德渊 《贵州畜牧兽医》2015,39(2):7-10

目的:对汞矿周围环境和畜禽进行砷、铅、铬污染调查,为掌握其污染情况提供依据。方法:电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS测定。结果:环境中水源污染铅、砷严重,蔬菜、粮食受到不同程度污染;鸡、鸭组织铅污染严重;猪、牛、羊砷、铅污染严重,部分组织受铬轻度污染。结论:汞矿周围环境以及饲养的畜禽存在严重砷、铅污染,轻度铬污染。  相似文献   

Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration by consecutive biochar application: Results from a decade field experiment     

Siwei Shi  Qingzhong Zhang  Yilai Lou  Zhangliu Du  Qian Wang  Ning Hu  Yidong Wang  Anna Gunina  Jiqing Song 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):95-103

Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon.  相似文献   

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents of sloping jujube orchards using temporal stability     

Xiaodong Gao  Pute Wu  Xining Zhao  Yinguang Shi  Jiawen Wang 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,102(1):66-73

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents from point-scale measurements is important to improve soil water management in sloping land of semiarid areas. Temporal stability analysis, as a statistical technique to estimate soil water content, is an effective tool in terms of facilitating the upscaling estimation of mean values. The objective of this study was to examine temporal stability of soil water profiles (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 and 0–60 cm) in sloping jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) orchards and to estimate field mean root-zone soil water based on temporal stability analysis in the Yuanzegou catchment of the Chinese Loess Plateau, using soil water observations under both dry and wet soil conditions. The results showed that different time-stable locations were identified for different depths and the temporal stability of soil water content in 20–40 cm was significantly (P < 0.05) weaker than that in other depths. Moreover, these time-stable locations had relatively high clay contents, relatively mild slopes and relatively planar surfaces compared to the corresponding field means. Statistical analysis revealed that the temporal stability of root zone soil water (0–60 cm) was higher in either dry or wet season than that including both, and soil water exhibited very low temporal stability during the transition period from dry to wet. Based on the temporal stability analysis, field mean soil water contents were estimated reasonably (R² from 0.9560 to 0.9873) from the point measurements of these time-stable locations. Since the terrains in this study are typical in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau, the results presented here should improve soil water management in sloping orchards in the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

秭归县核桃产业发展思路探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史永鑫  王生 《绿色科技》2011,(4):61-62

通过对坝上库首第1县——秭归县经济林发展的调查,分析了秭归县经济林中主要的核桃产业发展现状,指出了其存在的问题,提出了发展对策,以期促进秭归县核桃产业化发展、增加农民经济收入。  相似文献   

多元文化对语言歧义理解及运用的影响——以新疆农业垦区为例     

杜兆金 《农业考古》2011,(4)

一.引言在新疆农业垦区,多民族杂居、多元文化并存。自西汉至清末,历代王朝出于戍边和维护地方治安的考虑,均非常重视在西域屯田。新疆生产建设兵团进驻新疆后,大力发展屯垦经济,进一步增强了汉民族农耕文化在新疆地区的吸纳力和包容力。  相似文献   

省属高等院校教学团队构建模式研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

石巧君  章喜为 《高等农业教育》2011,(2):36-40

省属普通高等院校在由原来的教学型大学向教学研究型大学转型过程中,亟需构建高水平教学团队提高教学质量。但缺乏名师、师资缺乏协作基础、评价制度科研绩效主导、官本位影响等问题直接影响团队建设及效果。可以形成从团队目标设计、成员选择、组织形式、内部管理与运行机制形成并动态调整的构建模式来推动教学团队建设。  相似文献   

后期水分亏缺与增施氮肥对不同杂交稻组合叶片抗衰老生理特性的影响(英文)     

李木英  王竹青  曾蕾  石庆华  潘晓华  谭雪明 《农业科学与技术》2012,(11):2311-2322

[目的]探讨水肥调控对水稻结实期叶片功能的影响。[方法]选用6个早衰型和非早衰型杂交稻组合为试验对象,以常规水肥管理为对照,抽穗后对其进行限水胁迫(土壤水势限制在-25kPa左右)和增施氮肥(限水的同时增施10%N素粒肥)处理,分析水分亏缺和增加氮肥条件下,不同杂交稻组合叶片的衰老速率及抗衰老生理响应。[结果]水分亏缺加速叶片衰老,早衰型品种中优838、天优998和隆平601受水分亏缺影响较大,限水处理叶绿素衰减率比其他3个组合提高了6%～8%;增施N肥能提高叶绿素含量,延缓叶绿素降解。水分亏缺诱导叶片ABA含量上升,不同组合上升的幅度存在明显差异;各组合ABA含量对增施N肥反应不一致,中优838表现下降,其余组合表现不同幅度上升。不同组合的抗氧化酶活性对水分亏缺的响应存在差异;在限水的同时增施N肥,各抗氧化酶活性变化不尽相同。水分亏缺增加了各组合叶片MDA的积累。相关性分析表明,叶绿素含量与各抗氧化酶活性均表现极显著正相关;叶片SOD活性与ABA含量正相关。[结论]该研究表明水稻叶片衰老速率、抗衰老生理活性以及对水分亏缺的响应存在品种差异;抗氧化酶活性不完全受ABA诱导升高;SOD活性可作为水稻逆境抗性指标;后期增施N肥对延缓叶片衰老有重要作用。  相似文献   

音乐及饲养密度对肉杂鸡生产及屠宰性能影响初探     

赵宇  施正香  赵芙蓉  周东  董泰丽  隋锡兰 《农业工程学报》2006,(Z2)

该文就音乐及饲养密度对笼养肉杂鸡的生产性能及屠宰性能进行了初步探讨。试验表明音乐可显著降低死淘率,提高料肉比。音乐显著提高肉杂鸡的全净膛率、腹脂率、肝脏比率(P＜0．05)。高密度情况下,音乐显著降低胸肌率和腿肌率(P＜0．05)。饲养密度仅在有音乐的情况下对胸肌率具有显著性的影响,高密度的胸肌率低于中低密度的胸肌率。  相似文献   

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因密码子偏好性分析     

马园  仲亮  王国华  田普厚  张涛  武俊兰  刘月  马红艳  徐婉瑛  石顺利  张七斤 《中国动物检疫》2021,38(4):116-123

VP1蛋白是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的主要结构蛋白,可诱导机体产生中和抗体以及激发保护性免疫应答。为探究VP1基因密码子偏好性,筛选出其最佳体外表达系统,使用Visual Gene Developer、CodonW、GraphPad Prism等软件,对VP1基因进行密码子偏好性分析,同时将VP1基因密码子使用频率与大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫杆状病毒和哺乳动物细胞表达系统作了比较。结果显示,VP1基因的CAI为0.21,ENC为55.43,GC3S为65.26%,表明该基因密码子使用偏好较弱并且密码子偏好以G/C碱基结尾。结合VP1基因与各表达系统密码子使用频率比值,发现其与昆虫杆状病毒表达系统频率比值差异最小且CAI最大,因此推断昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是FMDV VP1基因最适体外表达系统。本研究为FMDV亚单位疫苗研制等提供了技术基础。  相似文献   

不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响     

张丽萍  王建烽  李真真  雷琼  党浩千  刘庆华 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(2):501-508

本试验旨在研究不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响。试验选用200只健康、体重接近的断奶福建黄兔,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。4组分别饲喂由添加比例为25%的苜蓿草粉、甜菜渣、燕麦草、大麦糠为纤维饲料原料配制而成的饲粮。试验期为60 d,于试验第54天以全收粪法进行消化试验,屠宰后测定十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及二者比值,盲肠纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶活性。结果表明：①苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、不溶性纤维（IDF）、可溶性纤维（SDF）的消化率均极显著高于大麦糠与燕麦草组（P<0.01）。其中,甜菜渣组不溶性纤维、可溶性纤维的消化率最高,与苜蓿草粉组差异显著（P<0.05）。②苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的绒毛高度极显著高于大麦糠组（P<0.01）,但显著低于燕麦草组（P<0.05）,隐窝深度显著低于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.05）,其中甜菜渣组隐窝深度最低。甜菜渣组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）最高,极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）。③苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组盲肠3种纤维消化酶活性均极显著高于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.01）,其中甜菜渣组的3种酶活均极显著高于苜蓿草粉组（P<0.01）。综上所述,对比4种纤维饲粮,在饲粮配方中添加25%的甜菜渣能提高肉兔的表观消化率与盲肠纤维消化酶活性,并能改善十二指肠组织形态。  相似文献