The effects of açaí oil addition in tilapia diets on performance,hepatic energy metabolism enzymes and antioxidant responses     

Tnia C. Leite  Fernanda Picoli  Diogo de A. Lopes  Matheus D. Baldissera  Carine F. Souza  Bernardo Baldisserotto  Ana Paula O. Costa  Luisa Nora  Alexandre H. Marcelino  Aleksandro S. Da Silva 《Aquaculture Research》2021,52(1):395-402

The aim of the present study was to determine whether açai oil (Euterpe oleraceae) addition in the diets of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in biofloc system would stimulate hepatic energy metabolism and antioxidant responses. Treatments are as follows: T0 (6%‐soybean oil), T1 (1%‐AÇAI; 5%‐SOY), T3 (3% AÇAI; 3%‐SOY) and T6 (6%‐AÇAI). In the liver, reactive oxygen species levels were significantly lower in T1, T3 and T6 than in T0, lipid peroxidation levels were significantly lower in T3 and T6, and nitric oxide levels were significantly lower in the T6 than in T0. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the T3 and T6 than in T0, while superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity levels were significantly higher in the T6 than in T0. Adenylate kinase activity was significantly lower in the T6 than in T0. These results suggest that the açai oil addition in Nile tilapia diets stimulated antioxidant responses.  相似文献   

Biological control of horse cyathostomin (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in tropical southeastern Brazil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fabio Ribeiro Braga  Jackson Victor Araújo  Andr Ricardo Silva  Juliana Milani Araujo  Rogrio Oliva Carvalho  Alexandre Oliveira Tavela  Artur Kanadani Campos  Giovanni Ribeiro Carvalho 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,163(4):335-340

The viability of a fungal formulation using the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans was assessed for the biological control of horse cyathostomin. Two groups (fungus-treated and control without fungus treatment), consisting of eight crossbred mares (3–18 years of age) were fed on Cynodon sp. pasture naturally infected with equine cyathostome larvae. Each animal of the treated group received oral doses of sodium alginate mycelial pellets (1 g/(10 kg live weight week)), during 6 months. Significant reduction (p < 0.01) in the number of eggs per gram of feces and coprocultures was found for animals of the fungus-treated group compared with the control group. There was difference (p < 0.01) of 78.5% reduction in herbage samples collected up to (0–20 cm) between the fungus-treated group and the control group, during the experimental period (May–October). Difference of 82.5% (p < 0.01) was found between the fungus-treated group and the control group in the sampling distance (20–40 cm) from fecal pats. During the last 3 months of the experimental period (August, September and October), fungus-treated mares had significant weight gain (p < 0.01) compared with the control group, an increment of 38 kg. The treatment with sodium alginate pellets containing the nematode-trapping fungus D. flagrans reduced cyathostomin in tropical southeastern Brazil and could be an effective tool for biological control of this parasitic nematode in horses.  相似文献   

First identification of Sarcocystis tenella (Railliet, 1886) Moulé, 1886 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) by PCR in naturally infected sheep from Brazil     

Rodrigo Costa da Silva  Chunlei Su  Helio Langoni 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,165(3-4):332-336

Sarcocystis tenella is a dog–sheep protozoan parasite, causing a widespread enzootic muscle parasitosis and neurological disease mainly in lambs. This parasite is pathogenic to sheep and important to the economical production of sheep. The present study was initially aimed to determine Toxoplasma gondii infection and the occurrence of co-infection with other Apicomplexa parasites in 602 Brazilian sheep. Twenty of these sheep were positive with antibodies to T. gondii by MAT and IFAT-IgG tests, positive with PCR-RFLP genotyping at multiple loci, and parasites were isolated from mice infected with sheep tissue samples. Two additional sheep born in Brazil, a 2-year-old female Polwarth (Ideal) sheep, a breed originated from Australia (#1), and a 1-year-old male Corriedale sheep, a breed originated from New Zealand and Australia (#2) were positive to T. gondii antibodies by serum tests, and PCR, but negative for bioassay in mice. In genotyping at 12 loci, sheep #1 sample and #2 presented positive results only for some markers. PCR-RFLP of 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) was performed in all 22 animals to identify the possibility of co-infection of T. gondii with other Apicomplexa parasites, such as S. tenella, Neospora caninum and Hammondia hammondi, resulting in a T. gondii profile for the first 20 animals and a unique genotyping profile for sheep #1 and #2, identical to S. tenella. The 18S rRNA PCR products (310 bp) were sequenced and blasted to GenBank database at NCBI. Both samples were identical to S. tenella 18S rRNA gene (GenBank accession number L24383-1). These results suggest the existence of co-infection of S. tenella with T. gondii in ewes from Brazil.  相似文献   

Evolution of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from the Iberian Peninsula     

Muller A  Freitas J  Silva E  Le Gall-Reculé G  Zwingelstein F  Abrantes J  Esteves PJ  Alves PC  van der Loo W  Kolodziejek J  Nowotny N  Thompson G 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,135(3-4):368-373

To date information on rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in Spain and Portugal has been scarce, although the disease is endemic and continues to have a considerable impact on species conservation and hunting industry. We analysed RHDVs obtained between 1994 and 2007 at different geographic locations in Portugal (40 samples), Spain (3 samples) and France (4 samples) from wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that succumbed to the disease. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial VP60 gene sequences allowed a grouping of these RHDVs into three groups, termed "Iberian" Groups IB1, IB2 and IB3. Interestingly, these three Iberian groups clustered separately, though not far from earlier RHDVs of Genogroup 1 (containing e.g., strain "AST89"), but clearly distinct from globally described RHDV strains of Genogroups 2-6. This result, supported by a bootstrap value of 76%, gives rise to the hypothesis that the virus evolved independently since its introduction to wild rabbit populations on the Iberian Peninsula, with the Pyrenees acting as a natural barrier to rabbit and hence to virus dispersal. No differences were observed in RHDV sequences obtained from geographic regions where the rabbit subspecies O. c. algirus prevails compared with those obtained from O. c. cuniculus.  相似文献   

Effects of Hyaluronan Supplementation on Cryopreserved Equine Spermatozoa Hyaluronan and Cryopreserved Equine Spermatozoa     

J.E. Bruemmer  C.H. WilsonM. Coutino da Silva  PhD  E.L. Squires  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009

Addition of hyaluronan, a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, to fresh and frozen thawed human semen results in substantial retention of motility over time. Hyaluronan also has been reported to preserve postthaw viability and maintain membrane stability of boar spermatozoa. Therefore, experiments were designed to investigate the use of a commercially available hyaluronan (Map-5, Bioniche Animal Health, Inc., Athens, GA) in freezing extender for cryopreservation of equine spermatozoa. In experiment 1, aliquots from ejaculates were supplemented before freezing with one of four levels of hyaluronan: 100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL along with an untreated control. No differences in sperm motility, assessed by computer-assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA), were found for any treatment at times 0, 30, or 60 minutes postthaw. Decreases in motility were noted in the highest hyaluronan group (1,000 μg/mL) after 90 and 120 minutes of incubation. Sperm viability, as assessed using SYBR-14/propidium iodide staining, was decreased (P < .05) when treated with 1,000 μg/mL compared with the control (37.1% and 46.1%, respectively). Motility parameters tended to remain elevated in those ejaculates treated with 200 μg/mL at various time points. Experiment 2, therefore, further investigated the effects of hyaluronan at 200 μg/mL on motility parameters and acrosome integrity and zona pellucida binding. Total (TM) and progressive (PM) motility of treated sperm immediately after thawing and at 60 minutes post-thaw were higher compared with control (P < .05). A tendency (P < .1) to maintain TM at 90 and 120 minutes post-thaw also was noted. No differences were noted for the mean number of spermatozoa bound to bovine oocytes for control or treated sperm (22 ± 14 vs 25 ± 17, respectively). Acrosome integrity also was unchanged between the two groups based on fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)−peanut agglutinin (PNA)/propidium iodide staining. All samples contained <1% live acrosome-damaged spermatozoa. In the final experiment, the effects of hyaluronan supplementation post-thaw was investigated using hyaluronan concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL. Motility parameters studied over an 8-hour period at 37°C yielded no consistent differences. In conclusion, addition of hyaluronan at a concentration of 200 μg/mL before freezing increased spermatozoal post-thaw motility. High concentration of hyaluronan (1,000 μg/mL) appeared to be detrimental to post-thaw motility. Effects of hyaluronan on fertility are beyond the scope of this study and have yet to be determined.  相似文献   

Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Induced Tendinopathy in Horses: Histologic Evaluation     

Leandro Maia MV  MS  Maria Vernica de Souza MV  MS  DS  Pharmacist-Biochemical  Jos Ivo Ribeiro Júnior BS  MS  DS  Acio Carlos de Oliveira  Geraldo Eleno Silveira Alves MV  MS  DS  Larcio dos Anjos Benjamin MV  MS  DS  Yamê Fabres Robaina Sancler Silva  Bruna Mota Zandim MV  Jos do Carmo Lopes Moreira MD  MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009,29(8):618-626

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the treatment of tendinopathy induced in the superficial digital flexor tendon (TFDS) of horses, by using histologic evaluation. Six healthy crossbred geldings aged 8 to 15 years (12 ± 3) were used. The TFDS tendinopathy was provoked in both forelimbs, by intratendinous administration of 2.5 mg collagenase (2.5 mg/mL), and this procedure was considered as the beginning of the experimental phase. At 12 days after induction of the tendinopathy, the animals were subjected to the following treatments: (1) in the lesion caused in the right superficial digital flexor tendon (PRP-treated group), 2.5 mL PRP activated with calcium chloride at 0.0125 mol/L at concentrations from 320,000 to 500,000 platelets/μL, were injected; (2) in the tendinopathy of the left SDFT (control group), 2.5 mL 0.9% saline solution was administrated. Thirty-six days after the treatments, a biopsy of the injured area was performed for histologic evaluation. In both groups, the histologic analysis showed an increase in the fibroblastic density, as well as the presence of neovascularization, lymphocytes, and plasmocytes infiltrate and tissue organization at variable intensity. In the PRP-treated group, the SDFT was more organized, with the collagen fibers and fibroblasts being better arranged on the tendon matrix. The numbers of the fibroblasts and blood vessels did not differ between the groups. Histologic evaluation 36 days after tendinopathy showed that injuries under a single PRP treatment present a more uniform and organized tissue repair when compared with the control group.  相似文献   

Interaction between ascorbic acid and follicle-stimulating hormone maintains follicular viability after long-term in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles     

R. Rossetto  I.B. Lima-Verde  M.H.T. Matos  M.V.A. Saraiva  F.S. Martins  L.R. Faustino  V.R. Araújo  C.M.G. Silva  K.P.O. Name  S.N. Báo SN  C.C. Campello  J.R. Figueiredo  H. Blume 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2009

This study evaluates the effects of ascorbic acid and its interaction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the morphology, activation, and in vitro growth of caprine preantral follicles. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 1, 7, or 14 d in minimum essential medium (MEM) containing ascorbic acid (50 or 100 μg/mL), FSH (50 ng/mL), or both of these substances. Ovarian tissue that was either fresh (control) or cultured for 1, 7, or 14 d was processed for histological and ultrastructural evaluation. The results showed that after 14 d of culture, medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid alone or combined with FSH showed higher rates of follicular survival compared with MEM. After 7 d of culture, FSH, ascorbic acid at 50 μg/mL with or without FSH, and ascorbic acid at 100 μg/mL increased the percentage of follicular activation compared to fresh control. In addition, FSH alone significantly increased the percentage of growing follicles after 14 d. The combination of 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH promoted a significant increase in oocyte and follicular diameter after 7 d of culture. Ultrastructural and fluorescent analysis confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured with 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH after 14 d. In conclusion, the combination of 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH maintained follicular integrity and promoted follicular activation and growth after long-term in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles.  相似文献   

Replacement of Sulfate Trace Minerals with Amino Acid Complexes in Mare Diets and its Effects on Early Postpartum Reproductive Performance     

J.G. Vickers IV  L.K. Warren  L.A. Silva  D.C. Sharp  C.K. Larson 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009

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Myeloid differentiation factor 88 is required for resistance to Neospora caninum infection     

Tiago W.P. Mineo  Luciana Benevides  Neide M. Silva  Jo?o S. Silva 《Veterinary research》2009,40(4)

Neospora caninum is an intracellular parasite that causes major economic impact on cattle raising farms, and infects a wide range of warm-blooded hosts worldwide. Innate immune mechanisms that lead to protection against this parasite are still unknown. In order to investigate whether myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is required for resistance against N. caninum, genetically deficient mice (MyD88^−/−) and wild type littermates were infected with live tachyzoites and the resistance to infection was evaluated. We found that sub-lethal tachyzoite doses induced acute mortality of MyD88^−/− mice, which succumbed to infection due to uncontrolled parasite replication. Higher parasitism in MyD88^−/− mice was associated with the lack of IL-12 production by dendritic cells, delayed IFN-γ responses by NKT, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, and production of high levels of IL-10. MyD88^−/− mice replenished with IL-12 and IFN-γ abolished susceptibility as the animals survived throughout the experimental period. We conclude that protective IFN-γ-mediated immunity to N. caninum is dependent on initial MyD88 signaling, in a mechanism triggered by production of IL-12 by dendritic cells. Further knowledge on Toll-like receptor recognition of N. caninum antigens is encouraged, since it could generate new prophylactic and therapeutic tools to control parasite burden.  相似文献   

Prostaglandin Synthesis Genes are Differentially Transcripted in Normal and Pyometra Endometria of Bitches     

E Silva  S Leitão  G Ferreira-Dias  L Lopes da Costa  L Mateus 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):200-203

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