An induced brachytic mutant of chickpea and its possible use in ideotype breeding     

P. M. Gaur  V. K. Gour  S. Srinivasan 《Euphytica》2008,159(1-2):35-41

Mutations were induced in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar ‘JG 315’ through treatment of seeds with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). One of the mutants, named JGM 1, had brachytic growth (compact growth), characterized by erect growth habit, thick and sturdy stem, short internodal and interleaflet distances and few tertiary and later order branches. It was isolated from M₂ derived from seeds treated with 0.6% EMS for 6 h. Segregation analyses in F₂ progenies of its crosses with normal chickpea genotypes (JG 315, ICC 4929, and ICC 10301) suggested that a single recessive gene controlled brachytic growth in JGM 1. This gene was not allelic to the br gene for brachytic growth in spontaneous brachytic mutant E100YM. Thus, the gene for brachytic growth in JGM 1 was designated br2 and the br gene of E100YM was redesignated br1. Efforts are being made to use JGM 1 in development of a plant type with short internodes and erect growth habit. Such plant type may resist excessive vegetative growth in high input (irrigation and fertility) conditions and accommodate more plants per unit area.  相似文献   

Differential Metal Binding Interactions of the Imidazolinones Revealed by NMR and UV Spectroscopy     

Kannan Rajamoorthi  Bijay K. Singh  Stephen Donovan  Dale L. Shaner  Srinivasan Rajan  Gerald W. Stockton 《Pest management science》1997,49(1):17-28

NMR and UV spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods were applied to probe the interaction of the two imidazolinones, imazethapyr (5-ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid) and its structural isomer CL 303,135 (5-ethyl-3-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)picolinic acid), with metal ions. Both the imidazolinones inhibit the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) in vitro. However, while imazethapyr is a herbicide that is used widely in agriculture, CL303,135 does not exhibit herbicidal activity. Imazethapyr and CL303,135 exhibited considerable differences in their interactions with metals. In the metal complex of imazethapyr, the carboxyl moiety binds strongly and the pyridine nitrogen binds weakly with metals. In the case of CL303,135, both the pyridine nitrogen and the carboxyl group that are positioned ortho to each other participated strongly in the binding and were found to act together as a strong bidentate ligand to a metal ion. Both of the imidazolinones form predominantly 2:1 complexes with multivalent metal ions. However, imazethapyr binds two orders-of-magnitude more weakly (1·0×10⁹ M ^-2) with metal ions compared to CL303,135 (1·7×10¹¹ M ^-2). The interactions of the model compounds, nicotinic acid and picolinic acid, with metals were examined similarly. It was concluded that the strong affinity of CL303,135 for metals compared to imazethapyr may affect its absorption from soil into plants, or its translocation in plants, thereby explaining the differences in herbicidal activity of imazethapyr and CL303,135. © 1997 SCI.  相似文献   

Allelic relationship between spontaneous and induced mutant genes for stem fasciation in chickpea     

S. Srinivasan    P. M. Gaur    B. V. Rao 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(3):319-321

Stem fasciation is a morphological abnormality observed in plants where the stem is widened and leaves and flowers or pods are clustered at the apex. Several spontaneous mutants and one induced mutant for stem fasciation are found in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). This study was aimed at determining allelic relationship between spontaneous and induced mutant genes controlling stem fasciation and effects of stem fasciation on grain yield. Two spontaneous (ICC 2042 and ICC 5645) and one induced (JGM 2) stem fasciation mutants were crossed in all combinations, excluding reciprocals. The F₁ and F₂ plants from a cross between the two spontaneous mutants had fasciated stem. This indicated the presence of a common gene (designated fas1) for stem fasciation in the two spontaneous mutants. The F₁s of the crosses of the induced mutant JGM 2 with both spontaneous mutants had normal plants and segregated in a ratio of 9 normal : 7 fasciated plants in F₂. Thus, the gene for stem fasciation in the induced mutant JGM 2 (designated fas2) is not allelic to the common gene for stem fasciation in spontaneous mutants. The two genes in dominant condition produced normal non‐fasciated stem. The fasciated and the non‐fasciated F₂ plants did not differ significantly for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, grain yield per plant and seed size, suggesting that it is possible to exploit the fasciated trait in chickpea breeding without compromising on yield.  相似文献   

Modeling individual leaf area of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) using leaf length and width     

K. Kandiannan  Utpala Parthasarathy  K.S. Krishnamurthy  C.K. Thankamani  V. Srinivasan 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,120(4):532-537

Leaf area estimation is an important biometrical observation one has to do for comparing plant growth in field and pot experiments. In this study, a leaf area estimation model was developed for ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), using linear measurements of leaf length (L) and maximum width (W). Leaves from five ginger varieties (Varada, Rejatha, Mahima, Maran and Himachal) were used to develop the model in 2006–2007. The actual leaf area (LA) was measured with a leaf area meter (LI-3100, LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) and taken as reference LA. The linear measurements were used to build linear (LA = a + b × L × W) and power models (LA = α × (L × W)^β) for each variety, as the modeling among variety were not different from each other, data for all five varieties have been pooled and compared with earlier models by graphical procedures and statistical criteria such as Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Chi-square (χ²). The selected model was validated during 2007–2008. The validation data set was used to produce a validation model for each variety by re-estimating the model parameters to develop the estimation model and the models were compared for consistency. The predicted LA (PLA) was compared with observed LA (OLA) by graphical procedures and lack of agreement was evaluated by calculating the relative bias, estimated by the mean of differences (d) and the standard deviation (SD) of the differences. Normality test was carried out by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r_s) and residuals were normally distributed. Finally, the proposed model for leaf area estimation of ginger is LA = −0.0146 + 0.6621 × L × W, R² = 0.997. This model can be reliably used for estimating leaf area of ginger non-destructively. The same equation can be extrapolated to all varieties and land races of ginger as it is vegetatively propagated crop with narrow genetic variability.  相似文献   

Identification of hyperendemic foci of horses with West Nile virus disease in Texas     

Wittich CA  Ward MP  Fosgate GT  Srinivasan R 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(3):378-384

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether West Nile virus (WNV) disease hyperendemic foci (hot spots) exist within the horse population in Texas and, if detected, to identify the locations. SAMPLE POPULATION: Reports of 1,907 horses with WNV disease in Texas from 2002 to 2004. Procedures: Case data with spatial information from WNV epidemics occurring in 2002 (1,377 horses), 2003 (396 horses), and 2004 (134 horses) were analyzed by use of the spatial scan statistic (Poisson model) and kriging of empirical Bayes smoothed county attack rates to determine locations of horses with WNV disease in which affected horses were consistently (in each of the 3 study years) clustered (hyperendemic foci, or hot spots). RESULTS: 2 WNV hot spots in Texas, an area in northwestern Texas and an area in eastern Texas, were identified with the scan statistic. Risk maps of the WNV epidemics were qualitatively consistent with the hot spots identified. Conclusions and CLINICAL RELEVANCE: WNV hot spots existed within the horse population in Texas (2002 to 2004). Knowledge of disease hot spots allows disease control and prevention programs to be made more efficient through targeted surveillance and education.  相似文献   

Validation of betapropiolactone (BPL) as an inactivant for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kamaraj G  Lakshmi Narasu M  Srinivasan VA 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(3):589-594

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus causes vulvovaginitis, abortion and respiratory disease in cows and heifers. Betapropiolactone (BPL) is a disinfectant, effective against bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is also used to prepare inactivated vaccines because it destroys the nucleic acid core of viruses but does not damage the capsid. For the validation of BPL when used as an inactivant, it is more important to assure the quality of inactivating agent and the validity of the inactivation process. In the present study, the inactivation kinetics of IBR virus was determined with different concentration of BPL (1:250, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:1500, 1:2000 and 1:2500) at 4 and 37 °C. The result indicated that the BPL at 4 °C was able to inactivate the IBR virus within 4, 5 and 12 h with the concentration of 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000, respectively. BPL at 37 °C was able to inactivate virus within 30 min with the concentration of 1:250. BPL with the concentration of 1:500 and 1:1000 were able to inactivate the virus within 120 min at 37 °C. Based on the kinetic study seven formulations were prepared and a sero conversion study of IBR inactivated vaccine was carried out. Serological response in animals to different formulations did not differ significantly (P > 0.05).  相似文献   

High-frequency somatic embryo production from unfertilized ovules of grapes     

C. Srinivasan  M.G. Mullins 《Scientia Horticulturae》1980,13(3):245-252

Somatic embryos were produced in large numbers from cultured, unfertilized ovules of Vitis vinifera, cultivars ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Grenache’, and of the hybrid grape ‘Gloryvine’ (V. vinifera × V. rupestris). Callus of nucellar origin was produced by culturing the ovule explants initially in Nitsch medium containing 5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or 5 μM β-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA) plus 1 μM benzyladenine (BA), and then in a medium supplemented with NOA (10 μM) plus BA (1 μM). Embryos were produced when callus was transferred to basal medium containing no auxin or cytokinin. Secondary and tertiary embryos were formed by budding of primary somatic embryos. Prolonged culture of ovular callus in NOA (10 μM) plus BA (1 μM) gave rise to cell aggregates which developed into free-floating roots when transferred to basal medium.  相似文献   

The histopathological studies of chronic respiratory disease. II     

V V Srinivasan  S B Rao 《The Indian veterinary journal》1966,43(7):576-579

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Fungicidal activity of some naturally occurring naphthaquinones     

Akella V. B. Sankaram  Trichinapally N. Srinivasan  Anil S. Indulkar 《Pest management science》1975,6(2):165-168

The fungicidal activity of some naturally occurring 1,4-naphthaquinones and related compounds has been determined. The activity is associated with the presence of a vacant quinonoid position or a halogen atom in the quinone ring of the naphthaquinone moiety as postulated earlier. Perimethoxy 1,4-naphthaquinones showed diminished activity as compared to their parent compounds.  相似文献   

The performance of debeaked birds versus non-debeaked birds under a number of conditions     

S Srinivasan 《The Indian veterinary journal》1968,45(8):678-683

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