Replacement of fish meal protein by surimi by‐product protein in the diet of blue gourami Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings     

K. N. Mohanta  S. Subramanian  V. S. Korikanthimath 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(1):10-19

Based on the nutrient requirement of Trichogaster trichopterus, a fish meal–based basal diet with 350 g/kg diet crude protein and 16.7 MJ/kg energy was formulated, in which the fish meal protein was replaced by surimi by‐product protein at 0.0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels. The formulated diets were fed ad libitum to T. trichopterus fingerlings (4.80 ± 0.03 g) in triplicate groups for 45 days in a closed water system. Eighteen fibre‐reinforced plastic tanks with 200 l of water were used for rearing the fish. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed/gain ratio, protein efficiency ratio, nutrient retention and digestibility (protein and energy) of fish were not affected (p > 0.05) up to 50% fish meal protein replacement level by surimi by‐product protein. While whole‐body protein content of fish was marginally decreased, the lipid content was increased with increase in surumi by‐product incorporation level in the diet. The study results suggest that the fish meal protein, which is scarce and costly nowadays, could be replaced up to 50% by surimi by‐product protein in the diet of blue gourami without hampering the growth and nutrient utilization of fish.  相似文献   

A New High-Temperature Superconductor: Bi2Sr3-x Cax Cu2O8+y     

Subramanian MA  Torardi CC  Calabrese JC  Gopalakrishnan J  Morrissey KJ  Askew TR  Flippen RB  Chowdhry U  Sleight AW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,239(4843):1015-1017

A new superconductor that displays onset behavior near 120 K has been identified as Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y), with x ranging from about 0.4 to 0.9. Single crystal x-ray diffraction data were used to determine a pseudo-tetragonal structure based on an A-centered orthorhombic subcell with a = 5.399 A, b= 5.414A, and c = 30.904 A. The structure contains copper-oxygen sheets as in La(2)CuO(4) and YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7), but the copper-oxygen chains present in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) do not occur in Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y). The structure is made up of alternating double copper-oxygen sheets and double bismuth-oxygen sheets. There are Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) cations between the adjacent Cu-O sheets; Sr(2+) cations are also found between the Cu-O and Bi-O sheets. Electron microscopy studies show an incommensurate superstructure along the a axis that can be approximated by an increase of a factor of 5 over the subcell dimension. This superstructure is also observed by x-ray diffraction on single crystals, but twinning can make it appear that the superstructure is along both a and b axes. Flux exclusion begins in our samples at about 116 K and is very strong by 95 K. Electrical measurements on a single crystal of Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y) show a resistivity drop at about 116 K and apparent zero resistivity at 91 K.  相似文献   

Selective phagocytosis: a new concept in protein catabolism     

Gans H  Subramanian V  Tan BH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,159(3810):107-110

The clearance of different metabolic products derived from two plasma proteins, prothrombin and fibrinogen, was studied with the aid of the isolated, perfused rat liver. Active thrombin and fibrin were rapidly cleared by the Kupffer cells. Inactive thrombin and a partially degraded fibrin molecule were also cleared but at much slower rates. This difference in clearance rates suggests the presence of a high degree of selectivity in the clearance of altered plasma proteins.  相似文献   

Lifecourse, immigrant status and acculturation in food purchasing and preparation among low-income mothers     

Dubowitz T  Acevedo-Garcia D  Salkeld J  Lindsay AC  Subramanian SV  Peterson KE 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(4):396-404

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Marine yeast diet confers better protection than its cell wall component (1-3)-β-d-glucan as an immunostimulant in Fenneropenaeus indicus     

Thavarool Puthiyedathu Sajeevan  Douglas W Lowman  David L Williams  Subramanian Selven  Abdulaziz Anas  & Philip Rosamma 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(15):1723-1730

A comparative study was performed to evaluate the immunostimulatory effect of yeast and yeast-derived glucan in white prawn Fenneropenaeus indicus (sub-adults of ∼20 gm). Feed with a whole cell biomass of marine yeast Candida sake S165 (CSY) at a concentration of 10% (w/w) and another feed with 0.2% glucan of C. sake S165 (CSG) were used in the study. Fenneropenaeus indicus were fed with these diets for 40 days and subsequently challenged with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Haematological parameters such as the total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, superoxide anion (O₂⁻) level, haemolymph peroxidase level and post-challenge survival against WSSV infection were determined to assess the immune status. In the present experiment, a higher immunity index and post-challenge survival were recorded in shrimps fed with the whole cell yeast diet. The better immunostimulatory performance of the whole cell yeast diet compared with the glucan diet could be attributed to the cellular constituents of yeast including the cell wall glucan, nucleotides, carotenoid pigments and vitamins. Here we observed that whole cell yeast performed better as an immunostimulant than the extracted cell wall glucans. Therefore, the use of yeast biomass in diets, rather than the yeast cell wall extract, glucan, would confer better protection against microbial infection besides reducing the cost of shrimp production.  相似文献