Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water using Iron Oxide-Coated Sand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thirunavukkarasu  O. S.  Viraraghavan  T.  Subramanian  K. S. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,142(1-4):95-111

This article describes experiments in which iron oxide-coated sand(IOCS) was used to study the removal of both As(V) and As(III) to a level less than 5 μg L^-1 in drinking water. Iron oxide-coated sand 2 (IOCS-2) prepared through high temperature coating process was used in batch and column studies to assess the effectiveness and suitability. The isotherm study results showed that the observed data fitted well with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption maximum for IOCS-2 at pH 7.6 was estimated to be 42.6 and 41.1 μg As g^-1 IOCS-2 for As(V) and As(III), respectively. In the fixed bed column tests to study arsenic removal from the tap water, good performance ofIOCS-2 was observed in respect of bed volumes achieved and arsenic removal capacity. Five cycles of column tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of IOCS-2, and arsenic wassuccessfully recovered from the media through regeneration and backwash operations. High bed volumes (860 to 1403) up to a breakthrough concentration of 5 μg L^-1 were achieved inthe column studies with tap water, and the bed volumes achievedin the studies with natural water (containing arsenic) were 1520.The results of both the batch and column studies showed that ironoxide-coated sand filtration could be effectively used to achieveless than 5 μg L^-1 As in drinking water.  相似文献   

Proteome-level investigation of Brassica carinata-derived resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans     

Subramanian B  Bansal VK  Kav NN 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(2):313-324

Plants resistant to the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans were generated by an interspecific cross between the highly susceptible Brassica napus (canola) and the highly resistant Brassica carinata. Changes in the leaf protein profiles of these lines were investigated in order to understand the biochemical basis for the observed resistance. Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry led to the identification of proteins unique to the susceptible (5 proteins) and resistant genotypes (7 proteins) as well those that were differentially expressed in the resistant genotype 48 h after challenge with the pathogen (28 proteins). Proteins identified as being unique in the resistant plant material included superoxide dismutase, nitrate reductase, and carbonic anhydrase. Photosynthetic enzymes (fructose bisphosphate aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, sedoheptulose bisphosphatase), dehydroascorbate reductase, peroxiredoxin, malate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, N-glyceraldehyde-2-phosphotransferase, and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase were observed to be elevated in the resistant genotype upon pathogen challenge. Increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase were further validated and supported by spectrophotometric and in-gel activity assays. Other proteins identified in this study such as nitrate reductase and peptidylprolyl isomerase have not been previously described in this plant-pathogen system, and their potential involvement in an incompatible interaction is discussed.  相似文献   

Influence of thermal power station effluents on hydrobiology of seawater     

B. Subramanian  S. K. Prabu  A. Mahadevan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,53(1-2):131-137

The hydrobiological parameters of the waters in the vicinity of ash slurry and cooling water outfall from Ennore Thermal Power Station located on the shore of Bay of Bengal, Madras were determined. In the outfall site, an increase in mean temperature (35 °C), salinity (3.5%), nitrite ? N (25 μg L^?1), ammonia ? N (185 μg L^?1), phosphate ? P (1 mg L^?1), silicate ? SiO₂ (1.65 mg L^?1), chlorophyll a (21.1 mg m^?3), respiration (76% of gross production), suspended solids (3.84 g L^?1), BOD (3.65 mg O₂) and decrease in pH (8.1), dissolved oxygen (DO) (5.5 mg L^?1), nitrate ? N (15 jig L^?1), gross production (16.6 Mg C m^?3 hr^?1) were recorded. Phaeopigment and respiration were inversely related with chlorophyll a and net productivity, respectively. Microbial biomass varied spatially, but was generally low (114.5 jig L^?1), at the outfall site. The hydrobiological characteristics of water with high turbidity indicate that the ash slurry and coolant water play a crucial role in a localized area resulting in environmental disturbance. The effect was profoundly influenced by an initial dilution, dispersion, wave mixing and current direction. The ecological relationships between these parameters and their implications in coastal pollution are discussed.  相似文献   

Generalised tuberculosis in a cow and in her 6 months old calf--a case report     

M S Ganapathy  S Rajamani  A C Subramanian 《The Indian veterinary journal》1968,45(8):688-692

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Abundance of sulphur‐oxidizing bacteria in coastal aquaculture using soxB gene analyses     

Kishore K Krishnani  Gopalapillay Gopikrishna  Subramanian M Pillai  Baijnath P Gupta 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):1290-1301

Molecular techniques based on sequencing of metagenomic clone libraries provide an insight into the diversity of microbial populations. Using nucleic acid‐based methods, the diversity of soxB genes was examined to detect and characterize sulphur‐oxidizing bacteria in Indian coastal aquaculture environments. Gene‐specific degenerate primers were used to amplify various fragments (710, 753, 483–503, 280 and 239 bp) of soxB genes. Metagenomic clone libraries were constructed for 753, 483–503 and 239 bp fragments of soxB genes. The abundance of soxB revealed the presence of sulphur‐oxidizing organisms. Amino acids in parts of the soxB‐encoded proteins were aligned to known conserved amino acid residues. The level of conservation ranged from 23% to 30%. A phylogenetic tree constructed from aligned amino acid sequences of SoxB revealed different clusters associated with the branches of phototrophic α‐ and γ‐proteobacteria. In general, soxB is widespread among the various phylogenetic groups, although this does not necessarily mean that the organism can use sulphur compounds. Our results suggest that the chemolithoautotrophy based on sulphur oxidation in coastal aquaculture is primarily sustained by the presence of sulphur oxidizers, which involve the soxB gene. This study aids identification of the phylogenetic characteristics related to sulphur bioremediation in poorly characterized coastal aquaculture environments.  相似文献   

Determination of spore inactivation during thermal and pressure-assisted thermal processing using FT-IR spectroscopy     

Subramanian A  Ahn J  Balasubramaniam VM  Rodriguez-Saona L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):10300-10306

The efficacy of microbial inactivation techniques is currently tested using time-consuming and labor-intensive plate count methods, which are the principal rate-limiting steps in developing inactivation kinetic parameters for alternative food processing technologies. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was used to quantify viable spores and identify some biochemical changes in samples treated by autoclaving, pressure-assisted thermal processing (PATP), and thermal processing (TP). Spore suspensions ( approximately 109 CFU/mL) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TMW 2.479 Fad 82, B. amyloliquefaciens TMW 2.482 Fad 11/2, B. sphaericus NZ 14, B. amyloliquefaciens ATCC 49764, and Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 were treated by PATP (121 degrees C and 700 MPa) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s and by TP (121 degrees C) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s. The concentrations of spores in treated samples were determined by plating (reference method). Models developed using partial least-squares regression (PLSR) for predicting spore levels in treated samples had correlation coefficients (r) of >0.99 and standard errors of cross-validation ranging between 100.2 and 100.5 CFU/mL. Changes in dipicolinic acid (DPA) and secondary structure of proteins were found to occur during inactivation of spores by PATP and TP. FT-IR spectroscopy could rapidly estimate viable bacterial spore levels in PATP- and TP-treated spore suspensions, providing an accurate analytical tool for monitoring the efficacy of sterilization techniques in inactivating spore-forming microorganisms.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,nutrient utilization and whole‐body composition of blue gourami,Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings     

K. N. Mohanta  S. Subramanian  V. S. Korikanthimath 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(1):126-136

Nine semi‐purified diets were prepared with three levels each of protein (300, 350 and 400 g/kg) and lipid (60, 80 and 100 g/kg) and fed ad libitum to Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings (0.61 ± 0.03 g) in triplicate groups (10 fish/replicate) for 90 days to determine optimum dietary protein and lipid levels. Twenty‐seven flow‐through fibre‐reinforced plastic tanks (200 l capacity each with 100 l of water) were used for rearing the fish. The dietary protein, lipid and their interactions had significant effects (p < 0.05) on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, nutrient retention and digestibility, but not on hepato‐ and viscerosomatic indexes (p > 0.05). Dietary protein and the interaction of protein with lipid had significant effect (p < 0.05) on whole‐body dry matter, lipid and energy contents, but not on protein and ash contents (p > 0.05). But, the dietary lipid had significant (p < 0.05) effect on whole‐body dry matter, protein, lipid and energy contents except the ash contents (p > 0.05). For each level of dietary protein, the increase in dietary lipid resulted significant increase (p < 0.05) in whole‐body lipid contents without affecting the protein and ash contents (p > 0.05). Based on better growth and dietary performances, the optimum dietary protein and lipid levels of blue gourami fingerling are 350 and 80 g/kg diet respectively.  相似文献   

Studies on Bunostomum trigonocephalum (Rudolphi, 1808). VII. In vitro action of immune serum on the third and fourth stage juveniles     

V K Srivastava  G Subramanian 《The Indian veterinary journal》1969,46(8):663-668

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Leaf nitrogen status as influenced by varying levels of nitrogen application and its relationship with yield in ‘Kew’ pineapple     

M.Hariprakasa Rao  T.R. Subramanian  H.K.Srinivasa Murthy  H.P. Singh  H.C. Dass  K.M. Ganapathy 《Scientia Horticulturae》1977,7(2):137-142

A field trial conducted to determine the response of pineapple cultivar ‘Kew’ to varying levels of N with constant P and K under both irrigated and rainfed conditions, was utilised for studying the relationships between base and leaf N content of “D” leaf (first fully developed leaf) and yields. The soil was high in available N and medium in available P and K. Samplings were done in the 5th, 8th and 11th months. Application of N was clearly reflected in both base and leaf N content at all stages. Differences in base N and leaf N due to irrigation or no irrigation were observed only in the 8th-month sampling. Critical levels of base and leaf N were worked out utilising the statistical procedure of Cates and Nelson (1971).  相似文献   

QTL and major genes influencing grain yield potential in soft red winter wheat adapted to the southern United States     

Christopher K. Addison  R. Esten Mason  Gina Brown-Guedira  Mohammed Guedira  Yuanfeng Hao  Randall G. Miller  Nithya Subramanian  Dennis N. Lozada  Andrea Acuna  Maria N. Arguello  Jerry W. Johnson  Amir M. H. Ibrahim  Russell Sutton  Stephen A. Harrison 《Euphytica》2016,207(3):665-674

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