INTERACTION EFFECT OF POTASSIUM AND SULFUR FERTILIZATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND MINERAL NUTRITION OF SUNNHEMP     

Suprakash Saha  Monidipta Saha  Amit Ranjan Saha  Sabyasachi Mitra  Surja Kumar Sarkar  Ashesh Kumar Ghorai 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1191-1200

The interactive effect of potassium (K) and sulfur (S) fertilization on productivity and mineral nutrition of sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) was evaluated in a field experiment during 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons at Uttar Pradesh, India. Potassium and sulfur fertilizers increased fiber yield and nutrient uptake of sunnhemp. It was observed that an application of K and S at 40 kg ha^?1 each significantly increased the total dry matter, fiber yield, and nutrient uptake of sunnhemp. The crop yield response to the added S was greater than for K and the nutrient use efficiency was also higher at lower levels of fertilizer addition. The increased levels of K and S improved the number of nodules and crude protein content of sunnhemp leaves.  相似文献   

K/Ca and NH4/Ca selectivity of hydroxyaluminum-interlayered vermiculite and montmorillonite: Contribution from regular and frayed edge exchange sites     

U.K. Saha  S. Taniguchi  K. Sakurai 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):455-466

Cation distribution in adsorbed and solution phases and their mobility in the soil profile are largely influenced by the cation exchange capacity and selectivity coefficient of the soil. Vermiculites (Vt) and montmorillonites (Mt) in acid soils and sediments are frequently interlayered by hydroxyaluminum (HyA). Such interlayering causes significant changes in various properties of Vt and Mt. We evaluated the contribution of HyA-induced frayed edge sites (FES) in Vt and Mt to the overall selectivity of K/Ca and NHJCa. A more preferential adsorption and exchange of K to Ca was observed in the case of Vt in contrast to Mt. The overall K/Ca selectivity of Vt increased markedly by HyA-interlayering, whereas that of Mt was slightly affected. An increased overall K/Ca selectivity, especially of Vt was also observed due to the larger amount of HyA adsorption at higher initial basicity of the HyA ionic solution. Selective adsorption of K and NH₄ predominantly occurred on the FES. Interlayering substantially enhanced such FES contribution. The overall K/Ca and NH₄/Ca selectivity coefficients did not indicate any striking competitiveness of NH₄ with K, unlike that for the natural micaceous clay minerals. However, the parameter of FES contribution suggested that NH₄ could be slightly more competitive with K for the FES. The relative abundance of FES on different clay specimens determining K/Ca and NH₄/Ca selectivity and a slightly higher preference of NH₄ to K on FES played a major role at low K or NH₄-saturation.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of agronomic and fibre traits using four interspecific chromosome substitution lines in cotton     

S. Saha  J. N. Jenkins  J. Wu  J. C. McCarty  D. M. Stelly 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(6):612-618

Backcrossed chromosome substitution lines (CS‐B) have been developed with a homologous pair of chromosomes or chromosome arms of Gossypium barbadense (3‐79) germplasm substituted for the homologous Gossypium hirsutum(TM‐1) chromosomes or chromosome segments. We report on agronomic and fibre trait performance of four backcrossed chromosome or chromosome arm substitution lines including chromosomes 01, 11sh (chromosome 11 short arm), 12 sh and 26 Lo (chromosome 26 long arm). Data for agronomic and fibre traits were collected from replicated field experiments at two different locations in 2 years, and analysed under an additive dominance genetic model. CS‐B 12sh had higher, while CS‐B 01 and CS‐B 26Lo had lower boll weight than TM‐1. The presence of significant negative additive effects for micronaire with CS‐B 01 and significant positive additive effects for elongation and fibre strength with CS‐B 11sh suggested the substituted chromosome arms of 3‐79 in these CS‐B lines were more likely carrying genes causing these effects. Results revealed that several CS‐B lines had significant homozygous and heterozygous dominance effects for different agronomic and fibre traits suggesting that specific CS‐B lines may be useful for improving agronomic and fibre traits in hybrid cottons. These CS‐B lines also provide novel genetic resources for improving upland cotton germplasm.  相似文献   

Genetic association of lint yield with its components in cotton chromosome substitution lines   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jixiang Wu  Johnie N. Jenkins  Jack C. McCarty  Sukumar Saha  Richard Percy 《Euphytica》2008,164(1):199-207

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Profile Distribution of Carbon Fractions Under Long‐term Rice‐wheat and Maize‐wheat Production in Alfisols and Inceptisols of Northwest India     

Surinder Singh Kukal  Debasish Saha  Puneet Sharma  Banarsi Dass Sharma 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):1205-1214

The knowledge of profile distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in long‐term agricultural systems could help to store atmospheric carbon in the soil. We investigated profile distribution of easily oxidisable Walkley–Black SOC pool (SOC_WB) under long‐term rice‐wheat (R‐W) and maize‐wheat (M‐W) cropping systems under soils of different pedogenesis. The soil samples were collected from the characteristic genetic horizons and analysed for carbon fractions. The SOC_WB was the highest in soils under R‐W systems in both Alfisols and Inceptisols. The SOC_WB stock in the deeper profile horizons under R‐W system was significantly (p < 0·05) higher than that under M‐W system especially in Typic Hapludalfs. Long‐term R‐W system could store on average 3·55 Mg ha⁻¹ more SOC_WB than M‐W system in the Ap horizon. The SOC_WB stock in the Ap horizon of all pedons was significantly (p < 0·05) higher in Alfisols than that in Inceptisols. About 60–90% of the total profile SOC_WB stock was contributed by B‐horizon because of its greater extent. Considering the whole profile, clay was negatively correlated with SOC fractions; however, the SOC fractions were closely related to each other. This study reveals that the distribution of SOC_WB is different in long‐term R‐W and M‐W systems not only in surface but also in the deeper horizons and the magnitude of the variation is influenced by the specific pedogenic processes. This indicates the significance of profile SOC_WB stock instead of topsoil SOC_WB stock in quantifying carbon retention potential of the long‐term management practices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Antigenic subtyping and epitopes' competition analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 using monoclonal antibodies     

Saha D  Huang L  Bussalleu E  Lefebvre DJ  Fort M  Van Doorsselaere J  Nauwynck HJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,157(1-2):13-22

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains have been classified into two major genotypes (PCV2a and PCV2b) and 8 genetic clusters: PCV2b-1A to PCV2b-1C and PCV2a-2A to PCV2a-2E. To date, no studies have been performed to antigenically subtype PCV2 strains enclosing eight PCV2 clusters. The present study aimed to antigenically subtype PCV2 and perform epitopes' competition analysis using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fourteen PCV2 strains representative for eight clusters were tested with 20 mAbs (fifteen of them were generated against PCV2a strain Stoon-1010 and 5 of them against PCV2b strain 1147) in immunoperoxidase monolayer assays. Four mAbs reacted to all 14 PCV2 strains and one mAb reacted with all strains except for a PCV2a-2C strain. One mAb reacted with all PCV2a strains, except for a PCV2a-2C strain and one mAb reacted with all PCV2b strains, except for a PCV2b-1C strain. Nine mAbs reacted with the strains of PCV2b-1A/1B, PCV2a-2A and PCV2a-2E. Three mAbs only reacted with the strains of PCV2a-2A and PCV2a-2E. One mAb reacted specifically with the strains of PCV2b-1A/1B. This suggests that discrete antigenic differences exist between different PCV2 genetic clusters and that these clusters can be discriminated by the use of a panel of universal and cluster-specific mAbs. Six mAbs were selected for cross-competition analysis by a competitive ELISA using PCV2 strain Stoon-1010. Six overlapping epitopes were identified on the PCV2 capsid protein. The universal mAbs recognized larger epitopes than the cluster-specific mAbs. These findings are helpful in the development of diagnostic tests and new generation vaccines against PCV2.  相似文献   

A new antifungal coumarin from Clausena excavata     

Kumar R  Saha A  Saha D 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(1):230-233

A new γ-lactone coumarin, named as excavarin-A, showing antifungal activity was isolated from the leaves of Clausena excavata by bioassay guided fractionation method. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and identified as 7((2E)-4(4,5-dihydro-3-methylene-2-oxo-5-furanyl)-3-methylbut-2-enyloxy) coumarin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against fifteen fungal strains pathogenic against plants and human. The least MIC was recorded against the human pathogen, Candida tropicalis and the plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Antifungal activities against the human pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor circinelloides and plant pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer were stronger than that of the standard antimicrobials.  相似文献   

Effect of host plants on fitness traits and detoxifying enzymes activity of Helopeltis theivora, a major sucking insect pest of tea     

Dhiraj Saha  Ananda Mukhopadhyay  Min Bahadur 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(5):433-444

Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a major sucking insect pest of tea (Camellia sinensis) which feeds on a wide variety of alternative host plants. Feeding biology and fitness traits of H. theivora, on two alternative host plants, viz., Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae) and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), besides C. sinensis (Theaceae), were studied along with corresponding levels of xenobiotic defense enzymes. C. sinensis is the preferred host of H. theivora. The development time of H. theivora is significantly shorter on C. sinensis (13.3?±?0.16?days) than on the two other hosts, M. micrantha (14.2?±?0.22?days) and P. guajava (14.7?±?0.23?days). Similarly, the fecundity (C. sinensis: 172.6?±?4.5 eggs/female, M. micrantha: 128.6?±?4.4 eggs/female, P. guajava: 118.7?±?3.3 eggs/female), oviposition period (C. sinensis: 24.1?±?0.7?days, M. micrantha: 22.5?±?0.6?days, P. guajava: 21.7?±?0.8?days) and hatchability (C. sinensis: 80.9?±?1.9%, M. micrantha: 69.4?±?1.6%, P. guajava: 64.1?±?1.7%) are recorded to be significantly higher on C. sinensis. The age at reproductive maturity and egg incubation periods were lower on C. sinensis than on the two other host plants. Host-based variation in H. theivora fitness traits is interpreted in light of differential activity of three principal xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes, the general esterases (GEs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). The activities of these enzymes in H. theivora were significantly enhanced when the insect fed on M. micrantha and P. guajava as compared with on C. sinensis.  相似文献   

Seasonal incidence and enzyme-based susceptibility to synthetic insecticides in two upcoming sucking insect pests of tea     

Dhiraj Saha  Somnath Roy  Ananda Mukhopadhyay 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(2):105-115

Climate change, deforestation and over reliance on chemical pesticides during the last five decades are presumed to have had a significant impact on the incidence and abundance of agricultural pests. The thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) and the greenfly (Empoasca flavescens Fabricius), which were previously considered as minor or occasionally as serious pests in localized areas of tea plantations, are now established as regular and at times major pests in tea plantations of North Bengal spread over the sub Himalayan slopes and the adjoining plains of Terai and the Dooars. Tea-planters from different pockets of North Bengal have been repeatedly reporting control failures of these pests with the use of insecticides in recommended dilutions. A study of their seasonal incidence along with activity of detoxifying enzymes was considered. The trend of a recent population study revealed that E. flavescens and S. dorsalis were abundant throughout the year, with peaks during April to June. Abiotic factors such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours and relative humidity (afternoon) influenced the population abundance. Insecticide-exposed populations showed higher levels of activity of the detoxifying enzymes than those collected from organic plantations and the laboratory-reared populations that had not been exposed to insecticides. Detoxifying enzymes in insecticide-exposed E. flavescens collected from Terai and the Dooars as compared with laboratory control specimens showed 3.0–5.2 and 3.0–9.7-fold increases in general esterases (GEs), 1.5–4.8 and 3.6–5.3-fold increases in cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and 1.2–3.5 and 1.5–2.5-fold increases in glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs), respectively. Similarly, S. dorsalis collected from Terai and the Dooars showed 2.0–6.0 and 2.3–5.6-fold increases in GEs, 1.5–2.3 and 1.6–2.4-fold increases in CYPs and 2.6–3.7 and 2.3–3.6-fold increases for GSTs, respectively. Bands of isozymes of esterase I–VI and I–V were found to be expressed in insecticide-exposed specimens whereas a negligible expression was evident for the bands in unexposed E. flavescens and S. dorsalis of organic plantations and laboratory-reared origins, respectively. The data obtained in the present study would be useful in developing the integrated resistance management strategies leading to effective management of the said pests.  相似文献   

Narrow sense heritability estimates of bacterial leaf spot resistance in pseudo F2 (F1) population of mulberry (Morus spp.)     

Rita Banerjee  N. K. Das  S. G. Doss  A. K. Saha  A. K. Bajpai  B. B. Bindroo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(3):537-544

Bacterial leaf spot incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori is a devastating foliar disease of mulberry reported globally. Host plant resistance is the most sustainable and economic control measure but so far unexplored. Highly heterozygous plant behaviour and scant genetic information of bacterial leaf spot resistance limits a targetted breeding approach in mulberry. In the present research eight pseudo-F₂(F₁)full-sib progenies derived from selected resistant and susceptible sources were evaluated symptomatically for bacterial leaf spot resistance under natural disease occurrence in 2008 and 2009. Significant variation for bacterial leaf spot resistance was observed in the parents and progenies. Broad sense heritability estimate (0.9) indicates that selection of resistant genotypes can be useful for exploitation in future advanced breeding programs for mulberry. High narrow sense heritability estimates (0.76)[2008] and (0.79)[2009] suggest additive gene effects for the disease resistant trait. The continuous frequency distribution of diseases severity across the progenies indicates that bacterial leaf spot resistance in mulberry may be inherited quantitatively.  相似文献