Methylation methods for the quantitative analysis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in various lipid samples   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Park SJ  Park CW  Kim SJ  Kim JK  Kim YR  Park KA  Kim JO  Ha YL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(5):989-996

Precise methylation methods for various chemical forms of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which minimize the formation of t,t isomers and allylmethoxy derivatives (AMD) with the completion of methylation, were developed using a 50 mg lipid sample, 3 mL of 1.0 N H(2)SO(4)/methanol, and/or 3 mL of 20% tetramethylguanidine (TMG)/methanol solution(s). Free CLA (FCLA) was methylated with 1.0 N H(2)SO(4)/methanol (55 degrees C, 5 min). CLA esterified in safflower oil (CLA-SO) was methylated with 20% TMG/methanol (100 degrees C, 5 min), whereas CLA esterified in phospholipid (CLA-PL) was methylated with 20% TMG/methanol (100 degrees C, 10 min), followed by an additional reaction with 1.0 N H(2)SO(4)/methanol (55 degrees C, 5 min). Similarly, CLA esterified in egg yolk lipid (CLA-EYL) was methylated by base hydrolysis, followed by reaction with 1.0 N H(2)SO(4)/methanol (55 degrees C, 5 min). These results suggest that for the quantitative analysis of CLA in lipid samples by GC, proper methylation methods should be chosen on the basis of the chemical forms of CLA in samples.  相似文献   

Cathepsin L: a predominant heat-activated proteinase in arrowtooth flounder muscle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Visessanguan W  Menino AR  Kim SM  An H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(5):2633-2640

Characterization of the autolytic profile of arrowtooth flounder (ATF) muscle indicated the involvement of heat-activated proteinases active at both acidic and alkaline pH values. Further assay of fish extract exhibited the maximum activity at 60 degrees C against casein used as a substrate at both pH 5.5 and 8.0. The maximum activity shifted to lower temperatures by the addition of urea with two distinctive patterns: activity reduction at pH 5.5 and activity enhancement at pH 8.0. The highest inhibition by E-64 indicated the proteinase belongs to the cysteine proteinase class. At pH 5.5, the proteinase hydrolyzed Z-Phe-Arg-NMec and all types of protein substrates tested at higher rate than that at pH 8.0. Activity bands, observed on the activity-stained substrate gels, indicated similar proteinases are responsible for the proteolytic activity observed at both pH values. When proteins of fish extract were separated by HPLC-SEC, only one proteolytic peak was observed at the retention time of 26 min with an estimated molecular weight of 39800 Da. The results implied cathepsin L is a predominant proteinase responsible for autolysis of ATF muscle at elevated temperatures.  相似文献   

Structure elucidation and antifungal activity of an anthracycline antibiotic, daunomycin, isolated from Actinomadura roseola   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kim BS  Moon SS  Hwang BK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(5):1875-1881

The actinomycete strain Ao108 producing antifungal metabolites active against some plant pathogenic fungi was identified as Actinomadura roseola, based on the analyses of morphological and physiological characteristics. The antibiotic Da2B that showed a strong antifungal activity was isolated from the culture broth and mycelial mats of A. roseola strain Ao108 using various chromatographic procedures. On the basis of (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and 2-D NMR correlation data, the antibiotic Da2B was confirmed to have the structure of an anthracycline antibiotic, daunomycin. In vitro antimicrobial spectrum tests showed that the antibiotic Da2B had substantial inhibitory activity (10 microg mL(-)(1) of MICs) against mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani. The antibiotic also showed antiyeast activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the growth of Candida albicans was not affected. Antibacterial activity was found only against Gram-positive bacteria. In the further evaluation of in vivo efficacy, application of the antibiotic Da2B effectively inhibited the development of Phytophthora blight in pepper plants. However, the control efficacy of the antibiotic against Phytophthora infection was somewhat less than that of metalaxyl. The antibiotic Da2B did not show any phytotoxicity on pepper plants even at 500 microg mL(-)(1).  相似文献   

Changes in soil properties and humic substances after long‐term amendments with manure and crop residues in dryland farming systems     

Jos Dorado  María‐Cristina Zancada  Gonzalo Almendros  Cristina Lpez‐Fando 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(1):31-38

After 16 years of periodical applications of either farmyard manure or crop wastes at two levels of mineral N fertilization to a Calcic Haploxeralf in the semiarid central Spain, we found significant changes in chemical fertility levels and in the concentration, chemical composition, and carbon mineralization rates of soil organic matter (SOM). The changes in SOM quality were related to significant improvements of soil physical properties, mainly aggregate stability and water retention. Such changes were related to the increased concentration of humic colloids in soil, the mineral N dose, and the type of organic matter applied. When compared with the control plots, the organic matter accumulated in the amended plots tended to be less transformed, and its total concentration and humification degree decreased with increasing external N‐inputs. Humic acids from the amended plots showed a more marked aliphatic character (mainly after N addition) than those from control plots. Farmyard manure led to a significant improvement of soil physical properties, but had a comparatively small effect in promoting biodegradation and humification of crop wastes. This could be due to the high biological stability of the manure used which, in semiarid Mediterranean fields, usually leads to an accumulation of little transformed SOM.  相似文献   

His-His-Leu, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from Korean soybean paste, exerts antihypertensive activity in vivo.   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Z I Shin  R Yu  S A Park  D K Chung  C W Ahn  H S Nam  K S Kim  H J Lee 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(6):3004-3009

It has been reported that soybean peptide fractions isolated from Korean fermented soybean paste exert angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro. In this study, further purification and identification of the most active fraction inhibiting ACE activity were performed, and its antihypertensive activity in vivo was confirmed. Subsequently, a novel ACE inhibitory peptide was isolated by preparative HPLC. The amino acid sequence of the isolated peptide was identified as His-His-Leu (HHL) by Edman degradation. The IC(50) value of the HHL for ACE activity was 2.2 microg/mL in vitro. Moreover, the synthetic tripeptide HHL (spHHL) resulted in a significant decrease of ACE activity in the aorta and led to lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats compared to control. Triple injections of spHHL, 5 mg/kg of body weight/injection resulted in a significant decrease of SBP by 61 mmHg (p < 0.01) after the third injection. These results demonstrated that the ACE inhibitory peptide HHL derived from Korean fermented soybean paste exerted antihypertensive activity in vivo.  相似文献   

Polyozellin isolated from Polyozellus multiplex induces phase 2 enzymes in mouse hepatoma cells and differentiation in human myeloid leukaemic cell lines     

Kim JH  Lee JS  Song KS  Kwon CS  Kim YK  Kim JS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(3):451-455

Induction of cellular phase 2 detoxifying enzymes is associated with cancer preventive potential. Quinone reductase (QR) has been used as a prototype for anticarcinogenic phase 2 enzymes because of its widespread distribution in mammalian systems, large amplitude of inducer response, and ease of measurement in murine hepatoma cells. Methanol extract of Polyozellus multiplex, which shows a strong QR induction potential, was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation, and polyozellin (PM1) appeared to be a major active component. In in vitro cultured cells (hepa1c1c7 and BPRc1 cells), polyozellin enhanced QR, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and glutathione (GSH) content in a dose-dependent manner. The compound also significantly promoted differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytic emia cells. In conclusion, polyozellin deserves further in vivo study to evaluate its potential as a cancer preventive agent.  相似文献   

Novel flavonol glycoside, 7-O-methyl mearnsitrin, from Sageretia theezans and its antioxidant effect     

Chung SK  Kim YC  Takaya Y  Terashima K  Niwa M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4664-4668

A novel flavonol glycoside, 7-O-methylmearnsitrin (7,4'-O-dimethylmyricetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside), and myricetrin, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, europetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, and 7-O-methyl quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside were isolated from the leaves of Sageretia theezans, and their chemical structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional NMR (HSQC, HMBC). Whereas myricetrin, europetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, and 7-O-methylquercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside showed stronger activities than ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, 7-O-methylmearnsitrin showed very weak antioxidant activities by ESR and LDL oxidation inhibition tests.  相似文献   

Predictors of pregnancy and postpartum haemoglobin concentrations in low-income women   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bodnar LM  Siega-Riz AM  Arab L  Chantala K  McDonald T 《Public health nutrition》2004,7(6):701-711

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy and postpartum iron status is of great public health importance, yet few studies have examined predictors of haemoglobin (Hb) concentration during this time. We identified predictors of Hb from 24 weeks' gestation until delivery and from 4 to 25 weeks postpartum. DESIGN: Blood was drawn as many as four times during care: at the initial visit, at 24-29 weeks' gestation, at delivery and postpartum. A longitudinal, multivariable linear regression model was used to predict Hb concentration. SETTING: A public health clinic in Raleigh, North Carolina.Subjects: n=520 women who participated in the Iron Supplementation Study. RESULTS: Hb concentration at the previous blood draw, short stature, non-Hispanic white ethnicity/race, >12 years of education and smoking were positive predictors of pregnancy and postpartum Hb concentrations. Iron supplement use was a positive predictor, while inadequate weight gain and severe nausea/vomiting were negative predictors of gestational Hb. A high infant birth weight and postpartum haemorrhage were negative predictors of postpartum Hb. Pre-pregnancy body mass index had a slight positive relationship with gestational Hb, but had a strong negative relationship with postpartum Hb. The longitudinal model also confirmed the typical pattern of gestational Hb concentration. As the number of weeks between the initial visit and the 24- to 29-week visit increased, Hb at 24-29 weeks' gestation decreased. As gestational age increased from 24 weeks until delivery, Hb concentration increased as well. CONCLUSIONS: The predictors identified here could be used in clinical settings to target high-risk women for intervention.  相似文献   

Wood ash fertilization alters the forest humus Archaea community     

Kim Yrjälä  Riikka Katainen  Ulla Saarela  Martin Romantschuk 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(1):199-201

The combined and separate effects of Cd and wood ash on Archaea from coniferous forest humus were studied in a microcosm experiment. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the denaturing gradient gel analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 0.9 kb 16S ribosomal DNA fragments revealed changes in archaeal communities due to the ash treatments. Cd with or without ash did not further influence the result. Representatives of the ash and control communities were cloned, grouped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and finally sequenced. All sequences belonged to non-thermophilic Crenarchaea.  相似文献   

Sinapate dehydrodimers and sinapate-ferulate heterodimers in cereal dietary fiber     

Bunzel M  Ralph J  Kim H  Lu F  Ralph SA  Marita JM  Hatfield RD  Steinhart H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1427-1434

Two 8-8-coupled sinapic acid dehydrodimers and at least three sinapate-ferulate heterodimers have been identified as saponification products from different insoluble and soluble cereal grain dietary fibers. The two 8-8-disinapates were authenticated by comparison of their GC retention times and mass spectra with authentic dehydrodimers synthesized from methyl or ethyl sinapate using two different single-electron metal oxidant systems. The highest amounts (481 microg/g) were found in wild rice insoluble dietary fiber. Model reactions showed that it is unlikely that the dehydrodisinapates detected are artifacts formed from free sinapic acid during the saponification procedure. The dehydrodisinapates presumably derive from radical coupling of sinapate-polymer esters in the cell wall; the radical coupling origin is further confirmed by finding 8-8 and 8-5 (and possibly 8-O-4) sinapate-ferulate cross-products. Sinapates therefore appear to have an analogous role to ferulates in cross-linking polysaccharides in cereal grains and presumably grass cell walls in general.  相似文献