Fighting liverflukes with food safety education     

Ziegler AD  Andrews RH  Grundy-Warr C  Sithithaworn P  Petney TN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6015):282-283

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Oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroidal materials returned from Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission     

Yurimoto H  Abe K  Abe M  Ebihara M  Fujimura A  Hashiguchi M  Hashizume K  Ireland TR  Itoh S  Katayama J  Kato C  Kawaguchi J  Kawasaki N  Kitajima F  Kobayashi S  Meike T  Mukai T  Nagao K  Nakamura T  Naraoka H  Noguchi T  Okazaki R  Park C  Sakamoto N  Seto Y  Takei M  Tsuchiyama A  Uesugi M  Wakaki S  Yada T  Yamamoto K  Yoshikawa M  Zolensky ME 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1116-1119

Meteorite studies suggest that each solar system object has a unique oxygen isotopic composition. Chondrites, the most primitive of meteorites, have been believed to be derived from asteroids, but oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroids themselves have not been established. We measured, using secondary ion mass spectrometry, oxygen isotopic compositions of rock particles from asteroid 25143 Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Compositions of the particles are depleted in (16)O relative to terrestrial materials and indicate that Itokawa, an S-type asteroid, is one of the sources of the LL or L group of equilibrated ordinary chondrites. This is a direct oxygen-isotope link between chondrites and their parent asteroid.  相似文献   

Production and dissolution rates of earthworm-secreted calcium carbonate     

Denise C. Lambkin  Kerry H. Gwilliam  Caroline Layton  Matt G. Canti  Trevor G. Piearce  Mark E. Hodson 《Pedobiologia》2011

Earthworms secrete granules of calcium carbonate. These are potentially important in soil biogeochemical cycles and are routinely recorded in archaeological studies of Quaternary soils. Production rates of calcium carbonate granules by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. were determined over 27 days in a range of soils with differing chemical properties (pH, organic matter content, water holding capacity, bulk composition, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations). Production rate varied between soils, lay in the range $0–0.043{\text{mmol}}_{{\text{CaCO}}_3}$ (0–4.3 mg) earthworm^?1 d^?1 with an average rate of $8\times {10}^{?3}{\text{mmol}}_{{\text{CaCO}}_3}$ (0.8 mg) earthworm^?1 d^?1 and was significantly correlated (r = 0.68, P ≤ 0.01) with soil pH. In a second experiment lasting 315 days earthworms repeatedly (over periods of 39–57 days) produced comparable masses of granules. Converting individual earthworm granule production rates into fluxes expressed on a per hectare of land per year basis depends heavily on estimates of earthworm numbers. Using values of 10–20 L. terrestris m^?2 suggests a rate of $18–3139{\text{mol}}_{{\text{CaCO}}_3}{\text{ha}}^{?1}{\text{yr}}^{?1}$. Data obtained from flow-through dissolution experiments suggest that at near neutral pH, granule geometric surface area-normalised dissolution rates are similar to those for other biogenic and inorganic calcites. Fits of the data to the dissolution relationship r = k(1 ? Ω)ⁿ where r = dissolution rate, k = a rate constant, Ω = relative saturation and n = the reaction order gave values of k = 1.72 × 10^?10 mol cm^?2 s^?1 and n = 1.8 for the geometric surface area-normalised rates and k = 3.51 × 10^?13 mol cm^?2 s^?1 and n = 1.8 for the BET surface area-normalised rates. In 196 day leaching column experiments trends in granule dissolution rate referenced to soil chemistry corresponded to predictions made by the SLIM model for dissolution of limestone in soil. If soil solution approaches saturation with respect to calcium carbonate, granule dissolution will slow or even stop and granules be preserved indefinitely. Granules have the potential to be a small but significant component of the biogeochemical cycling of C and Ca in soil.  相似文献   

Alternative therapeutic options for medical management of epilepsy in apes     

Gerlach T  Clyde VL  Morris GL  Bell B  Wallace RS 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(2):291-294

Phenobarbital has been the primary antiepileptic drug used in primates, but the dosage required for seizure control is frequently associated with significant side effects. Newer antiepileptic drugs and adjunctive therapies currently being used in human medicine provide additional options for treatment of nonhuman primates. This report describes different drug regimes used for control of epileptic seizures in apes at the Milwaukee County Zoo (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.), including the addition of acetazolamide to phenobarbital, levetiracetam, carbamazepine, and the use of extended cycle oral contraceptives to assist seizure control in female apes with catamenial epilepsy.  相似文献   

Habitats of the British amphibians (4): Agricultural lowlands and a general discussion of requirements     

Trevor J.C. Beebee 《Biological conservation》1981,21(2):127-139

Ponds on about 80 km² of farmland in Sussex were investigated with regard to breeding amphibians. The survey covered five different geological strata and included 60 ponds (out of a total of more than 200) marked on 1:25000 ordnance maps. Eighteen of these ponds were found on inspection not to exist; the remainder were characterised with respect to surface area, depth, pH, ionic score, aquatic vegetation, fish fauna and surrounding terrestrial habitats as well as for amphibian species. 14 pools contained amphibians; Triturus vulgaris was the most widespread (9 ponds) closely followed by T. helveticus (8 ponds). T. cristatus occurred at 5 sites, Rana temporaria at 2 and Bufo bufo not at all. The 2 frog sites were very shallow pools on pasture/woodland interfaces; the ideal newt pond had no fish, was 0·5–1·0 m deep and < 200 m² in surface area with 5–50% aquatic vegetation cover and a low ionic score (< 400 parts/10⁶). Callitriche-containing ponds were particularly favoured, and with terrestrial habitat there was a requirement for a scrub or woodland component.  相似文献   

Michael A Gemmell     

Trevor C. Beard 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(9):570-570

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ANATOMY OF THE PORTAL AND HEPATIC VEINS OF THE DOG: A BASIS FOR SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF THE LIVER BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Carol H.  Carlisle MVSc  DVR  FACVSc  Jian-Xin  WU MVSc  PhD  Trevor J.  HEATH BVSc  MA  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(3):227-233

The objective of this study was to define, in detail, the anatomy of the portal and hepatic veins in the dog in order to establish a procedure for the systematic evaluation of the liver by ultrasonography. Anatomical details were obtained from the formalin fixed livers of ten dogs. The hepatic and portal veins were removed intact from these livers so that a detailed pattern of distribution could be established and the numbers of branches could be counted. Silastic casts were also made of the hepatic and portal veins of two livers, one in situ and one in which it had been removed. The former was to enable the relationship of the portal to the hepatic veins to be established as closely as possible within the animal and the other to provide a model of the distribution of each venous system within the liver. Contrast medium was infused into two other livers and radiographs taken to establish the relationship of each branch to each lobe. It was found that there was a consistent pattern of venous branching to each lobe of the liver in the dog with little variation between individual specimens. All liver lobes contained definite venous branches so that the left lateral and medial, quadrate, right medial and lateral, caudate and papillary veins could be distinguished in each venous system. We believe that an appreciation of this venous distribution will aid in the systematic evaluation of the liver during ultrasonography by enabling identification of each liver lobe. It should be of value for differentiating portal from hepatic veins and veins from dilated bile ducts.  相似文献   

BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Electronic Measurement of Canine Mean Platelet Volume     

Trevor Waner  Dror Yuval  Abraham Nyska 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1989,18(4):84-86

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NEW HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION     

Helen Newton Turner  Trevor Cory Beard  William John Stevenson 《Australian veterinary journal》1980,56(9):451-452

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Infarctive purpura hemorrhagica in five horses     

Kaese HJ  Valberg SJ  Hayden DW  Wilson JH  Charlton P  Ames TR  Al-Ghamdi GM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(11):1893-8, 1845

Five horses were examined because of signs of muscle stiffness, colic, or both. All 5 had been exposed to Streptococcus equi within 3 weeks prior to examination or had high serum titers of antibodies against the M protein of S equi. Horses had signs of unrelenting colic-like pain and focal areas of muscle swelling. Four horses were euthanatized. The fifth responded to treatment with penicillin and dexamethasone; after 3 weeks of treatment with dexamethasone, prednisolone was administered for an additional 10 weeks. Common hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities included neutrophilia with a left shift and toxic changes, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and high serum creatine kinase and aspartate transferase activities. Necropsy revealed extensive infarction of the skeletal musculature, skin, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and lungs. Histologic lesions included leukocytoclastic vasculitis in numerous tissues and acute coagulative necrosis resembling infarction. These horses appeared to have a severe form of purpura hemorrhagica resembling Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura in humans and characterized by infarction of skeletal muscles. Early recognition of focal muscle swelling, abdominal discomfort, neutrophilia, hypoalbuminemia, and high serum creatine kinase activity combined with antimicrobial and corticosteroid treatment may enhance the likelihood of a successful outcome.  相似文献