Antifeedant activity of solvent extracts of neem seed kernel against Spodoptera litura F. and their persistency against sunlight through encapsulation     

S. Mohapatra  S. K. Sawarkar  H. P. Patnaik  B. Senapati 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):154-156

Abstract

Different solvent extracts of neem seed kernels were evaluated against Spodoptera litura F. on cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves. Based on this evaluation, aqueous extract was dissolved in ethanol, and methanol extract in ethanol, and dissolved parts were designated as fraction I and fraction II, respectively. The extracts having more antifeedant activity were encapsulated to achieve stability against the sunlight. Among the solvent extracts tested at 1.0% concentration, methanol extract provided maximum protection (100%) of the leaves followed by ethanol (98.39%) and aqueous (93.01%) extracts. Fraction I and fraction 11 were equally effective at 0.1 % concentration against S. litura larvae and checked more than 70% of leaf damage. However, such extracts were found to be unstable when exposed to sunlight. The pre‐gelatinized starch‐encapsulated products, viz. ρre‐gel I and pre‐gel II were quite stable and afforded more than 68.0% protection to the cauliflower leaves even after 6 days of exposure to sunlight.  相似文献   

Serosurveillance of foot-and-mouth disease in sheep and goat population of India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manoranjan Rout  Manas R. SenapatiJajati K. Mohapatra  Bana B. DashAniket Sanyal  Bramhadev Pattnaik 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

Serological investigation to detect foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus circulation in the domestic small ruminant population of India was conducted. A total of 4407 and 4035 serum samples from sheep and goats, respectively were collected at random covering majority of the states across the country during 2010–2012. These samples were analyzed for antibodies against the non-structural proteins (NSP) of FMD virus in an indirect 3AB NSP ELISA and against the structural proteins (SP) in a liquid phase blocking (LPB) ELISA. A total of 20.35% sheep and 13.60% goats were found to be positive for 3AB NSP antibodies providing a serological evidence of extensive viral activity. In LPB ELISA, only 4.54% sheep and 6.27% goats were found to have protective antibody (log₁₀ titre of ≥1.8) against all three serotype strains in the vaccine, which correlates with “no or sparse vaccination” scenario in these species in the country. Hence, to check silent amplification and dissemination of virus in a mixed farming set up, small ruminants may be brought under the ambit of routine vaccination and surveillance programmes.  相似文献   

Development of a coupling-phase SCAR marker linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene ‘er1’ in pea (Pisum sativum L.)     

Rakesh K. Srivastava  Shashi K. Mishra  Ashok K. Singh  Trilochan Mohapatra 《Euphytica》2012,186(3):855-866

Pea powdery mildew is one of the major constraints in pea production worldwide, causing severe seed yield and quality loss. The resistance is governed by a single recessive gene er1 in majority of resistant cultivars, but er2 and Er3 have also been reported. The objective of the study was to find out tightly linked sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) markers to er1 gene using NILs. A total of 620 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were screened for length polymorphism between seven sets of NILs. The 880 bp polymorphic band of the tightly linked RAPD marker OPX 04₈₈₀ was cloned, sequenced and a SCAR marker ScOPX 04₈₈₀ was developed. In a population of completely classified 208 F₂ plants (supported by phenotypic data from 208 F_2:3 and 4,390 F_3:4 families) ScOPX 04₈₈₀ was linked at 0.6 cM in coupling phase with er1 gene in the order ScOPX 04₈₈₀–er1–ScOPD 10₆₅₀. ScOPX 04₈₈₀ will correctly differentiate homozygous resistant plants from the susceptible accessions with more than 99 % accuracy. In combination with repulsion phase marker ScOPD 10₆₅₀, ScOPX 04₈₈₀ can help in an error free marker-assisted selection.  相似文献   

Evaluation of genetic diversity in jute (Corchorus species) using STMS, ISSR and RAPD markers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. Roy    A. Bandyopadhyay    A. K. Mahapatra    S. K. Ghosh    N. K. Singh    K. C. Bansal    K. R. Koundal    T. Mohapatra 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(3):292-297

Jute is an important fibre crop that has dominated the packaging sector for over one and a half centuries in India. For sustenance of the trade in the face of tough competition from synthetics, there is an urgent need to redesign the ongoing breeding strategy to improve both the yield and quality of jute fibre. It is therefore, essential to understand the pattern of diversity in this important commercial crop species. In the present study, genetic diversity analysis of 20 exotic germplasm lines and 20 commercial varieties of the two cultivated species (Corchorus olitorius and C. capsularis) and two wild relatives of jute (C. aestuans and C. trilocularis) was carried out using sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The first set of six STMS markers developed from the genomic sequence of C. olitorius was not fully transferable to the related species C. capsularis. The level of intraspecific polymorphism revealed by these markers was very low. The four ISSR and 22 RAPD primers employed in the study revealed 98.44% and 100% polymorphism, respectively, across all the species, while the level of polymorphism was significantly low within a species. The commercial varieties, particularly those of C. capsularis, had an extremely narrow genetic base that demands immediate effort for diversification. The germplasm accessions in both the cultivated species showed considerably higher levels of diversity and thus should be used in broadening the base of the varieties. All the accessions of C. olitorius together with the wild species C. aestuans clustered separately from those of C. capsularis and C. trilocularis, suggesting a polyphyletic origin of the two cultivated species.  相似文献   

Distribution of Accumulated Aluminum and Changes in Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melaleuca cajuputi under Aluminum Stress     

Nguyen Tran Nguyen  Mark J. Dudzinski  Pravat K. Mohapatra  Kounosuke Fujita 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(5):737-740

Distribution of aluminum (Al) within plant components and Al-induced changes in cell wall polysaccharides in root tips of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. seedlings were compared with those of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell. In E. camaldulensis , 0.5 mM Al (pH 4.2 for 40 d) reduced plant dry weight by 50%, increased callose concentration in the root tips and induced leaf necrosis. In comparison with M. cajuputi , Al concentrations were higher in roots and leaves of E. camaldulensis on both a fresh weight basis and in the cell sap, but were lower in the cell wall. Al increased pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose concentration in the cell walls of E. camaldulensis root tips. Al-induced leaf necrosis and growth reduction in E. camaldulensis is discussed in the context of potentially toxic concentrations of Al in plant tissue and changes in polysaccharide content which could reduce water and nutrient uptake and cell wall extensibility in roots.  相似文献   

IRON STRESS INDUCES PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MICRONUTRIENT STRESSES IN HIGH YIELDING TROPICAL RICE     

B. B. Panda  S. G. Sharma  P. K. Mohapatra  A. Das 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1359-1373

Two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, viz. ‘Swarna’ and ‘Kalinga III’ were compared for their response to iron (Fe) stress. The cultivars were raised with four Fe levels viz. 0.05, 1, 5, 10 mg L^?1 in hydroponic culture. Plant growth, soluble protein, chlorophyll content and phytoferritin of leaves increased significantly with increase in Fe concentration up to 5 mg L^?1, but decreased at 10 mg L^?1. In contrast, lipid peroxidation, decreased up to 5 mg L^?1 then increased at 10 mg L^?1. However, at 10 mg L^?1 of Fe these parameters were more adversely affected in ‘Swarna’ than ‘Kalinga III’. The later also accumulated relatively more Fe, zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) from the growing medium. Zinc concentrations of the tissue, on the other hand, exhibited the opposite trend. Iron stress may, thus lead to secondary metallic ion stresses and under such situations cultivars like ‘Kalinga III’ will perform better than ‘Swarna’.  相似文献   

Performance of packed column aerator at low hydraulic loading     

R. K. Mohapatra  R. K. Rout  S. Bandyopadhyay 《Aquacultural Engineering》1989,8(6):393-405

A laboratory-scale packed column aerator filled with ceramic Raschig rings was tested for its performance with hydraulic loadings in the range of 16–86·3 m³ m⁻² h⁻¹. Two columns of 0·19 m and 0·24 m inside diameter and packing sizes of 15, 25 and 36 mm were used. The system equation developed by previous workers for trickling filters in waste-water treatment was not generally applicable across the lower hydraulic loadings. The system coefficient incorporating the oxygen absorption coefficient (k_La) was found to vary within the range of hydraulic loadings studied. The oxygen transfer rate equation developed for surface and submerged aerators was used for estimating standard oxygen transfer efficiency of the packed column aerator, which, in this case, ranged from 6·2 to 22·6 kg O₂ kWh⁻¹.  相似文献   

Haplotype structure in grain weight gene GW2 and its association with grain characteristics in rice     

N. Dixit  P. Dokku  S. V. Amitha Mithra  S. K. Parida  A. K. Singh  N. K. Singh  T. Mohapatra 《Euphytica》2013,192(1):55-61

GW2, a grain weight quantitative trait locus (QTL) in rice encodes a ring type E-3 ubiquitin ligase. A single nucleotide deletion at the 346th nucleotide position in the ligase domain of GW2 was earlier reported to result in higher grain weight in rice. The present study aimed at validating the known functional polymorphism and identifying additional natural genetic variation if any, in the region that included the functional domain of GW2 in a set of indica and aromatic genotypes for which ninety three rice genotypes were phenotyped for grain length, grain width and 100 grain weight. A wide range of variation was observed for these traits. PCR amplification and sequencing of GW2 target region revealed absence of insertion/deletion (InDel) at the 346th position which suggested that the genetic variation in grain weight in Basmati and non-Basmati indica genotypes was not explained by this InDel. However, four new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered at nucleotide positions 406, 461, 466 and 501 in the fifth exon and one InDel each in second and fourth introns. Only two of these SNPs, at positions 461 and 501 led to amino acid substitutions. A total of 10 haplotypes were constructed based on these four SNPs which could be regrouped into four categories based on their amino acid substitutions. Association genetic analysis of these haplotypes with different grain traits revealed a moderate association with grain width (R² = 0.18 at P < 0.05). Thirteen haplotypes constructed using both intronic and exonic polymorphisms did not have any association with grain traits.  相似文献   

The Dynamic Effects of Entrepreneurship on Regional Economic Growth: Evidence from Canada     

Lukas Matejovsky  Sandeep Mohapatra  Bodo Steiner 《Growth and change》2014,45(4):611-639

Facilitating entrepreneurship to address regional income disparity continues to be a major concern of policy makers across the globe. This study explores the temporal pattern of income disparity for Canadian provinces in two estimation steps. First, an econometric growth regression model is applied to identify the impact of entrepreneurship on regional economic growth. The estimation results suggest that entrepreneurship, measured in terms of the self‐employment rate, plays a pivotal role in determining regional development in Canada. Second, a dynamic vector autoregression model is employed to simulate long‐run regional growth effects that result from policy shocks affecting entrepreneurship. Compared to other growth drivers, entrepreneurship is found to have more pronounced and long‐term stimulative effects on regional development for the period of 1987–2007.  相似文献   

Labeo rohita and Argulus siamensis infection: Host size,local inflammatory reaction and immunity modulate ectoparasite load on fish          下载免费PDF全文

Sonali Parida  Amruta Mohapatra  Jyotirmaya Mohanty  Pramoda K Sahoo 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):757-766

Parasite species often show a heterogeneous, highly dispersed pattern of infestation within hosts. Varieties of factors including morphological, physiological, immunological and nutritional characteristics affect the infestation level of a specific parasite in homogenous pray. Limited attempts, however, have been made to explore such underlying drivers of infestation pattern. Here, three stages of Labeo rohita (fingerling, juvenile and pre‐adult) were challenged with ectoparasite, Argulus siamensis in same aquaria. The parasite load on individuals was determined at 5‐day interval for 1 month. The load was found to be highest in pre‐adult stage followed by juveniles and fingerlings. On day 20 post infection, the load of parasite on pre‐adult fish was high along with detectable skin damages. Skin tissues were collected for immune gene expression analysis and histopathology. Histological studies showed increased melanization in the dermis and mild inflammatory cellular reactions in pre‐adult fish whereas, massive subcutaneous myositis with engorged blood vessels were observed in fingerlings. The expression levels of various inflammation and innate immune‐related genes viz., interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐10, IL‐11, IL‐15, natural killer enhancing factor, toll‐like receptor 4, apolipoprotein A–I and immunoglobulin Z were significantly high in skin samples of infected fingerlings as compared to other two growth stages or controls of each stage. On the other hand, the expression of immunoglobulin M was down‐regulated in all infected samples as compared to their respective controls. The results thus depict that local immuno‐inflammatory response plays a significant role in determining susceptibility of host in intra‐specific group, and has important implications for ecology and aquaculture.  相似文献