Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Jigawa State,northwestern Nigeria   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Salisu Ibrahim  Charity A. Agada  Jarlat U. Umoh  Ikwe Ajogi  Umar M. Farouk  Simeon I. B. Cadmus 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1333-1335

We determined the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Jigawa State, northwestern Nigeria using the comparative intradermal tuberculin test in 22 herds consisting of 922 cattle with overall and individual prevalence of 1.08% (10/922) and 45.45% (10/22) obtained, respectively.  相似文献   

尼日利亚农林业发展与荒漠化防治探析     

满多清  刘世增  杨自辉  马全林  Umar Danladi Dahiru  孙国军  徐新文 《世界林业研究》2013,26(2):82-87

尼日利亚南部紧邻几内亚湾, 为热带雨林气候, 北部与撒哈拉沙漠接壤, 为稀树干草原。历史以来, 有多条沙垄深入该国北部100~200 km, 风沙土遍布, 生态环境脆弱。近年来, 森林因砍伐和烧荒以每年1.36%的速度消失, 而沙化土地每年以35万hm2的速度增加, 荒漠化发展迅速, 生态安全堪忧, 气候旱化、人口增加、沙质地表及农林牧资源过度开发利用为主因。尼日利亚通过采取减少木材依赖型能源与工业、控制人口、草畜平衡、禁止开垦、环境意识与法制结合等对策与措施, 提高土地生产力, 逐步恢复稀树干草原, 促进社会经济可持续发展和生态环境的良性循环。文中介绍了尼日利亚农林业发展现状、荒漠化与沙产业发展、荒漠化防治中存在的问题与对策, 认为长期开展气候周期性变化对生物多样性与荒漠化关系影响研究以及成功地采用林木引种驯化、育苗造林、流沙垄固定、防护林营造、沙产业开发、适地适树等技术值得我国学习与借鉴。  相似文献   

Development and characterization of alginate-chitosan-hyaluronic acid (ACH) composite fibers for medical applications     

Tanveer Hussain  Rashid Masood  Muhammad Umar  Tanzeel Areeb  Azeem Ullah 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(11):1749-1756

Natural materials and plants have a long history of medical applications due to their broad range of favorable biological functions including biocompatibility, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Main objective of this study was to develop alginate-chitosan-hyaluronic acid (ACH) composite fibers with controlled drug release, and liquid retention properties for better moist wound healing. The dope comprising sodium alginate was extruded into calcium chloride (CaC1₂) coagulation bath. The developed calcium alginate fibers were then passed through a bath containing hydrolyzed chitosan and dip coated with hyaluronic acid for 24 hours. The resulting ACH composite fibers were then rinsed with deionized water and dried using acetone. These fibers were tested for tensile properties, % swelling, liquid absorption (g/g) and controlled drug release. The results concluded that ACH composite fibers can be produced by wet spinning and have adequate tensile properties, high % swelling, liquid absorption (g/g) and controlled release of hyaluronic acid for improved wound healing.  相似文献   

Integrated Weed Management Through Tillage and Herbicides for Wheat Production in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Northwestern Pakistan     

Khalid Usman  Inayat Ullah  Said Mir Khan  Muhammad Umar Khan  Said Ghulam  Muhammad Anwar Khan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,11(6):946-953

Conservational tillage (CT) in combination with broad spectrum herbicide may be more efficient and economical in controlling weeds,reducing cost of cultivation,and enhancing wheat yield.Field experimen...  相似文献   

Comparison of noninvasive cardiac output measurements by transthoracic bioimpedance, partial carbon dioxide rebreathing, and transesophageal echocardiography with the thermodilution technique in beagle dogs     

K Yamashita  R Igarashi  T Kushiro  Y Ueyama  K Miyoshi  MA Umar  WW Muir 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):13-14

Most methods for determining cardiac output (CO) have limited application in clinical practice due to the invasive techniques required. This study compared the thermodilution technique (TDCO) with three noninvasive methods for determining CO in anesthetized dogs: transthoracic bioimpedance (BICO), partial CO₂ rebreathing (NICO), and transesophageal echocardiography (TEECO). TDCO was compared to BICO, NICO, and TEECO in six adult sevoflurane anesthetized beagle dogs (9.1–13.0 kg). All dogs were administered midazolam [0.3 mg kg^?1, intravenously (IV)] and butorphanol (0.1 mg kg^?1 IV), followed by ketamine (5.0 mg kg^–1 IV) and sevoflurane in nitrous oxide (1 L minute^–1) and oxygen (1 L minute^–1) and mechanically ventilated. Dogs were maintained at 2.2% end‐tidal sevoflurane (ETsev) concentration for instrumentation and baseline measurements. Low (5.0% ETsev), intermediate (3.3% ETsev), and high cardiac output values were achieved by varying the end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration and the administration of dobutamine (3–10 g kg^–1 minute^–1 and 2.2% ETsev). A minimum of thirty data sets was obtained for each comparison. The correlation coefficients when compared to TDCO were 0.684 for BICO (p < 0.0001), 0.883 for NICO (p < 0.0001), and 0.991 for TEECO (p < 0.0001). Cardiac output values ranged 50–444 mL kg^–1 minute^–1 for TDCO, 100–253 mL kg^–1 minute^–1 for BICO, 64–214 mL kg^–1 minute^–1 for NICO, and 52–401 mL kg^–1 minute^–1 for TEECO. The differences when compared to TDCO ranged – 62–235 mL kg^?1minute^?1 for BICO, 18–220 mL kg^?1 minute^?1 for NICO, and – 35–32 mL kg^–1 minute^–1 for TEECO. Differences were maximum at the highest CO in BICO and NICO. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that BICO and NICO underestimate CO in sevoflurane anesthetized dogs. TEECO is a viable noninvasive method for determining CO in sevoflurane anesthetized dogs.  相似文献   

Influence of season on daytime behavioral activities of donkeys in the Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria     

Friday Ocheja ZAKARI  Joseph Olusegun AYO  Peter Ibrahim REKWOT  Mohammed Umar KAWU 《Journal of Equine Science》2015,26(4):105-111

  相似文献   

Anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of total intravenous anesthesia using a midazolam, ketamine and medetomidine drug combination in horses     

Yamashita K  Wijayathilaka TP  Kushiro T  Umar MA  Taguchi K  Muir WW 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(1):7-13

The anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of midazolam, ketamine and medetomidine for total intravenous anesthesia (MKM-TIVA) were evaluated in 14 horses. Horses were administered medetomidine 5 microg/kg intravenously as pre-anesthetic medication and anesthetized with an intravenous injection of ketamine 2.5 mg/kg and midazolam 0.04 mg/kg followed by the infusion of MKM-drug combination (midazolam 0.8 mg/ml-ketamine 40 mg/ml-medetomidine 0.1 mg/ml). Nine stallions (3 thoroughbred and 6 draft horses) were castrated during infusion of MKM-drug combination. The average duration of anesthesia was 38 +/- 8 min and infusion rate of MKM-drug combination was 0.091 +/- 0.021 ml/kg/hr. Time to standing after discontinuing MKM-TIVA was 33 +/- 13 min. The quality of recovery from anesthesia was satisfactory in 3 horses and good in 6 horses. An additional 5 healthy thoroughbred horses were anesthetized with MKM- TIVA in order to assess cardiopulmonary effects. These 5 horses were anesthetized for 60 min and administered MKM-drug combination at 0.1 ml/kg/hr. Cardiac output and cardiac index decreased to 70-80%, stroke volume increased to 110% and systemic vascular resistance increased to 130% of baseline value. The partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide was maintained at approximately 50 mmHg while the arterial partial pressure of oxygen pressure decreased to 50-60 mmHg. MKM-TIVA provides clinically acceptable general anesthesia with mild cardiopulmonary depression in horses. Inspired air should be supplemented with oxygen to prevent hypoxemia during MKM-TIVA.  相似文献   

Anesthetic and cardiovascular effects of balanced anesthesia using constant rate infusion of midazolam-ketamine-medetomidine with inhalation of oxygen-sevoflurane (MKM-OS anesthesia) in horses     

Kushiro T  Yamashita K  Umar MA  Maehara S  Wakaiki S  Abe R  Seno T  Tsuzuki K  Izumisawa Y  Muir WW 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(4):379-384

The anesthetic sparring and cardiovascular effects produced by midazolam 0.8 mg/ml-ketamine 40 mg/ml-medetomidine 0.05 mg/ml (0.025 ml/kg/hr) drug infusion during sevoflurane in oxygen (MKM-OS) anesthesia was determined in healthy horses. The anesthetic sparring effects of MKM-OS were assessed in 6 healthy thoroughbred horses in which the right carotid artery was surgically relocated to a subcutaneous position. All horses were intubated and ventilated with oxygen using intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane (ET(SEV)) required to maintain surgical anesthesia was approximately 1.7%. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure averaged 23-41 beats/min and 70-112 mmHg, respectively. All horses stood between 23-44 min after the cessation of all anesthetic drugs. The cardiovascular effects of MKM-OS anesthesia were evaluated in 5 healthy thoroughbred horses ventilated using IPPV. Anesthesia was maintained for 4 hr at an ET(SEV) of 1.7%. Each horse was studied during left lateral (LR) and dorsal recumbency (DR) with a minimum interval between evaluations of 1 month. Cardiac output and cardiac index were maintained between 70-80% of baseline values during LR and 65-70% of baseline values during DR. Stroke volume was maintained between 75-85% of baseline values during LR and 60-70% of baseline values during DR. Systemic vascular resistance was not different from baseline values regardless of position. MKM-OS anesthesia may be useful for prolonged equine surgery because of its minimal cardiovascular depression in both of lateral and dorsal recumbency.  相似文献   

Axial correction of pes varus by transverse-opening wedge osteotomy and T-plate fixation with beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) transplantation in dachshunds     

Izumisawa Y  Seno T  Abe R  Miyoshi K  Maehara S  Wakaiki S  Kushiro T  Umar MA  Tsuzuki K  Yamashita K  Hayashi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(4):437-440

Axial correction was performed surgically in two miniature dachshunds presenting with lateral patellar dislocation and limping caused by pes varus. Pes varus had resulted from asymmetric closure of the physis of the distal tibia. Prior to surgery, osteotomy was simulated by measuring X-ray films to determine the distance required for the wedge opening. Transverse-opening wedge osteotomy was performed on the medial side of the distal tibia, and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) was inserted in a wedge shape into the area created by the cuneiform osteotomy. Finally, the tibia was fixed by a veterinary 1.5/2.0-mm T-plate. Both dogs were able to walk a few days after surgery, and the lateral dislocation of the patella normalized almost completely in about one month. At two months, X-ray films showed that the implant had remained in position without any dislocation, and the beta-TCP had fused with the surrounding bone.  相似文献   

Market‐led options to scale up legume seeds in developing countries: Experiences from the Tropical Legumes Project     

Jean‐Claude Rubyogo  Essegbemon Akpo  Lucky Omoigui  Gaur Pooran  Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi  Asnake Fikre  Desmae Haile  Ajeigbe Hakeem  Emmanuel Monyo  Stanley Nkalubo  Berhanu Fenta  Papias Binagwa  Michael Kilango  Magdalena Williams  Omari Mponda  David Okello  Mekasha Chichaybelu  Amos Miningou  Joseph Bationo  Dramane Sako  Zoumana Kouyate  Sory Diallo  Richard Oteng‐Frimpong  Julius Yirzagla  Teryima Iorlamen  Umar Garba  Haruna Mohammed  Chris Ojiewo  Alpha Kamara  Rajeev Varshney  Shyam Narayan Nigam  Pasupuleti Janila  Hajisaheb Lalasab Nadaf  Sylvia Kalemera 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):474-486

There are several hurdles to ensure sustainable seed production and consistent flow of improved legume varieties in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA). The unreliable demand, autogamous nature of most of the grain legumes, and slow variety replacement rate by smallholder farmers do not provide strong incentive for private seed companies to invest in legume seed business. Unless a well thought‐out and comprehensive approach to legume seed delivery is developed, current seed shortages will continue, eroding emerging market opportunities. The experiences reported here are collated through a 10‐year partnership project, the Tropical Legumes in SSA and SA. It fostered innovative public–private partnerships in joint testing of innovative market‐led seed systems, skills and knowledge enhancement, de‐risking private sector initiatives that introduced in new approaches and previously overlooked entities in technology delivery. As new public and private seed companies, individual seed entrepreneurs and farmer organizations emerged, the existing ones enhanced their capacities. This resulted in significant rise in production, availability and accessibility of various seed grades of newly improved and farmer demanded legume varieties in the target countries.  相似文献