Endoparasite control management on horse farms – lessons from worm prevalence and questionnaire data     

B. FRITZEN  K. ROHN  T. SCHNIEDER  G. VON SAMSON‐HIMMELSTJERNA 《Equine veterinary journal》2010,42(1):79-83

Reasons for performing study: Increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes calls for a reexamination of current parasite control programmes to identify factors influencing control efficacy and development of resistance. Objectives: To investigate if associations occur between prevalence of parasitic nematodes and management practices. Methods: German horse farms (n = 76) were investigated in 2003 and 2004. Information on farm and pasture management with respect to endoparasite control measures obtained using a questionnaire survey. Faecal examinations were performed in parallel. Results: Horses (n = 2000) were examined by faecal nematode egg counts, grouped into foals, yearlings and mature individuals for statistical analyses. Farms were categorised into 3 types, riding, stud farms and small holdings. Count regression models were used to analyse strongyle faecal egg count data. Following dichotomisation of faecal egg count (FEC) data, prevalence of strongyle and Parascaris equorum infections were assessed by logistic regression models as a function from various management factors. Yearlings on stud farms showed a 2‐fold higher risk of being positive for strongyle FEC, higher (i.e. ≥3 per year) anthelmintic drug treatment frequencies were associated with reduced strongyle infection rates only in mature individuals but not in foals or yearlings, foals on farms fertilising pastures with horse manure had a significantly higher risk of being P. equorum FEC positive and yearlings on stud farms were more often showing incomplete FECR following anthelmintic treatment compared to yearlings on other farm types. The mean yearly treatment frequencies per age group were: foals 4.52, yearlings 3.26 and mature horses 2.72 times, respectively. Conclusion and potential relevance: To delay the development of anthelmintic, resistance management should include additional nonchemotherapeutic parasite control strategies, FEC‐monitoring, controlled quarantine treatment of new arrivals and control of efficacy by the faecal egg count reduction test on a regular basis.  相似文献   

DMPP硝化抑制效果受其浓度、施用方式及土壤基质势的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. BARTH  S. VON TUCHER  U. SCHMIDHALTER 《土壤圈》2008,18(3):378-385

The efficacy of nitrification inhibitors depends on soil properties and environmental conditions. The nitrification inhibitor 3.4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP） was investigated in a sandy loam and a loamy soil to study its effectiveness as influenced by inhibitor concentration, application form, and soil matric potential. DMPP was applied with concentrations up to 34.6 mg DMPP kg^-1 soil as solution or as ammonium-sulfate/ammonium-nitrate granules formulated with DMPP. DMPP inhibited the oxidation of ammonium in both soils, but this effect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. When applied as solution, increasing DMPP concentrations up to 7 mg DMPP kg^-1 soil had no influence on the inhibition. The effectiveness of DMPP formulated as fertilizer granules was superior to the liquid application of DMPP and NH4^＋, particularly in the loamy soil. Without DMPP, a decline in soil matric potential down to -600 kPa decreased nitrification in both soils, but this effect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. DMPP was most effective in the sandy loam particularly under conditions of higher soil moisture, i.e., under conditions favorable for nitrate leaching.  相似文献   

Feline Stifle Implant Arthroplasty     

DENNIS L. POWERS DVM    LAURA MAZANTI  REAS F. VON RECUM DVM  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1984,13(3):159-164

Surgical management of feline osteoarthritis is currently limited to joint immobilization or amputation. A method of implanting a readily available Swanson Design Silastic finger joint implant in feline stifles was developed and tested in four cats.
The surgical procedure was uncomplicated. The cats ambulated well and resumed normal activities. The joints were stable and retained normal ranges of motion. No undesirable gross pathology resulted from 3 months of implant residence.
We believe that the results of this preliminary study justify investigation of prolonged implant times and clinical trials in arthritic cat stifles.  相似文献   

Enzootic ulcer in the back of the tongue in cattle after ingestion of hay containing flower clusters of yellow bristle-grass     

Fava E  Rossi F  Speranzini G  Nigrelli A  Rossignoli G  Gelmetti D  Mariotti MG  Sali G  Stöber M  Wolf P  Von Boberfeld O 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,107(9):351-354

Chronically recidivating enzootic ulcerations in the tongues of numerous milking cows in the Po river plain area in Italy. The animals were permanently kept indoors in cubicle houses and fed by hay containing high amounts of ripe yellow bristle grass (Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. [= S. pumila Poiret]). The panicled parts of the culms were found to be the cause of the massive injuries.  相似文献   

Spatial dispersal of Nectria ditissima canker of beech in an international provenance trial     

B. METZLER  E. MEIERJOHANN  E. KUBLIN  G. VON WÜHLISCH 《Forest Pathology》2002,32(3):137-144

Beech canker caused by Nectria ditissima was abundant in many plots of a large beech provenance trial in Germany. In 149 plots a total of 9015 plants were assessed. No difference in susceptibility of individual provenances was established. However, significant spatial correlation was found between canker incidence in the plantation and the distance to neighbouring diseased shelterwood. The latter evidently served as a source of inoculum. Predominant juveniles tended to be more infected presumably by being more exposed to the inoculum. Trees planted up to 20 m from diseased shelterwood were most significantly infected, up to 48% per plot. In order to ascertain the role of wind for dispersing inoculum, distance zones were combined with locally predominant wind directions. The resulting wind dispersal zones served better for modelling disease dispersal than the distance zones.  相似文献   

An analysis of citation analysis     

VON Borstel RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(5001):1546

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Doomsday: Friday, 13 November,A.D. 2026. At this date human population will approach infinity if it grows as it has grown in the last two millenia     

VON FOERSTER H  MORA PM  AMIOT LW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,132(3436):1291-1295

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Yield and Forage Quality of Different ×Festulolium Cultivars in Winter     

W. Opitz v. Boberfeld  K. Banzhaf 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2006,192(4):239-247

×Festulolium ssp. are of particular interest as autumn‐saved herbage in the winter grazing system, but information concerning their performance in this low‐input system is not available. To this end, we examined dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality in winter of four different cultivars of ×Festulolium ssp. (×Festulolium pabulare, Festulolium braunii), either with festucoid or loloid attributes, compared with Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Furthermore, pre‐utilization (accumulation since June or July) and date of winter harvest (December or January) were varied examining the influence of different sward management. DM yield, crude protein, metabolizable energy (ME) (in vitro rumen fermentation technique), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and ergosterol concentration were determined. Within all years, the festucoid cultivars (mean 3.4 t ha^?1) attained significant higher yields during winter than the loloid cultivars (mean 1.6 t ha^?1), but their yields were comparable with F. arundinacea (mean 3.0 t ha^?1). Crude protein was decisively influenced by the different yield levels of the cultivars resulting in higher values for the loloid cultivars. Energy concentrations decreased with later winter harvest, whereas ADF as well as ergosterol concentrations frequently increased from December to January. The greatest differences between festucoid and loloid cultivars were generally observed during severe winters. Obviously, the festucoid cultivars were better adapted to a utilization as autumn‐saved herbage than the cultivars with rather loloid attributes. However, the hybrids did not surpass F. arundinacea regarding yield and quality.  相似文献   

The Effect of Sward Management on the Mineral Content of Winter Grazed Herbage     

W. Opitz von Boberfeld  K. Banzhaf 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2006,192(1):1-9

No information is available regarding the mineral content of autumn‐saved herbage during winter grazing under Central European conditions. Therefore, P, K, Na, Mg and Ca concentrations of autumn‐saved growths of Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne were analysed considering the potential influence of pre‐utilization (saved from June or July), date of winter harvest (December, January, February) and year (three winters). For all years date of winter harvest was the main source of variance, whereas date of preceding cut had no relevant effect on the mineral concentrations during winter. Already in December P [2.3 to 4.0 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM)], Na (0.3 to 3 g kg^?1 DM) and Mg (1.0 to 2.4 g kg^?1 DM) concentrations were mostly below the required levels for ruminants. The lowest values were detected in February. K levels ranged between 6.6 g kg^?1 DM in February and 23.4 g kg^?1 DM in December; on average, K concentrations decreased about 10 g kg^?1 DM with advancing winter. Ca concentrations (2.9 to 7.4 g kg^?1 DM) hardly changed during winter. Related to higher growth rates of F. arundinacea before December, P and Ca concentrations were diluted, but regarding Mg, more wintergreen F. arundinacea reached higher values than L. perenne especially at the beginning of winter.  相似文献   

Cutaneous Drug Reactions: a Retrospective Study of Histopathological Changes and their Correlation with the Clinical Disease*     

VERENA K. AFFOLTER  CLAUDIA VON TSCHARNER 《Veterinary dermatology》1993,4(2):79-86

Abstract— Biopsy samples from 67 cases with a primary history and histopathological changes highly indicative of a drug reaction were reviewed. The histopathological lesions in 39 dogs, 19 cats, six horses, two goats and one bull were classified into five different groups: erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, lichenoid interface dermatitis (lichenoid drug eruption), vasculitis and pemphigus foliaceus. In 53 cases additional information on the clinical history and follow-up was received. None of the patients was rechallenged. Clinical and histopathological observations were consistent with a diagnosis of drug reaction in four animals only. The diagnoses were erythema multiforme (one dog, one cat), lichenoid drug eruption (one dog), and pemphigus-like drug eruption (one cat). A drug reaction was ruled out in seven dogs. In 15 cases no further clinical information was available. No relationship between skin lesions and administered drugs could be established in the remaining 27 patients, as the skin lesions could have been provoked by different concurrent diseases. Résumé— Des biopsies provenant de cas cliniques avec un historique et dans lésions histologiques très suggestifs d'un accident médicamenteux ont été revues. Les lésions histologiques chez 39 chiens, 19 chats, 6 chevaux, 2 chèvres et un taureau ont été classées en 5 catégories; érythème polymorphe, nécrolyse épidermique toxique, dermatite lichénoïde d'interface, vaculite et pemphigus foliacé. Dans 53 cas des informations supplémentaires concernant l'anamnèse et le suivi ont pu être obtenues. Aucun test de provocation n'a été fait. Les observations cliniques et histopathologiques étaient compatibles avec un diagnostic d'accident médicamenteux chez seulement quatre animaux. Le diagnostic était dans ces cas: érythème polymorphe (1 chien, 1 chat), dermatite lichénoïde d'inteface (1 chien) et pemphigus follacé (1 chat). Une réaction médicamenteuse a pu être éliminée chez sept chiens. Dans 15 cas aucune information clinique sur le suivi n'a pu être obtenue. Aucune relation entre les lésions cutanées et l'administration de médicaments n'a pu être établie chez les 27 patients restants, les lésions cutanées ayant pu être provoquées par d'autres maladies. Zusammenfassung— Biopsieproben von 67 Fällen, deren Anamnese und histopathologische Veränderungen deutlich auf eine Medikamentenreaktion hinwies, gelangten zu einer retrospektiven Beurteilung. Die histopathologischen Veränderungen bei 39 Hunden, 19 Katzen, 6 Pferden, 7 Ziegen und 1 Stier wurden in fünf verschiedene Gruppen einegeteilt: Erythema multiforme, toxisch-epidermale Nekrolyse, lichenoide Interface Dermatitis, (lichenoide Medikamentenreaktion), Vaskulitis und Pemphigus foliaceus. In 53 Fällen wurden Zusatzinformationen über die klinische Anamnese und Nachbehandlung ermittelt. Keiner der Patienten wurde nochmals in gleicher Weise wie zuvor behandelt, um eine erneute Hautreaktion auszulösen. Die klinischen und histopathologischen Befunde stimmten nur bei vier Tieren mit der Diagnose einer Medikamentenreaktion überein. Die Diagnosen waren Erythema multiforme (1 Hund, 1 Katze), lichenoide drug eruption (1 Hund), und Pemphigusähnliche drug eruption (1 Katze) Eine Reaktion auf Medikamente wurde bei sieben Hunden ausgeschlossen. In 15 Fällen war keine weitergehende klinische Information verfügbar. Bei den übrigen 27 Patienten konnte zwischen den Hautläsionen und den verabreichten Medikamenten ursächlicher Zusammenhang hergestellt werden, da die Hautläsionen auch durch andere gleichzeitig vorliegende Krankheiten hätten hervorgerufen worden sein können Resumen En éste artículo se investigan 67 casos el los que las biopsias cutáneas, historia clínica y cambios histopatólogicos, indicaban la posibilidad de reacción adversa a la administración de medicamentos. Las lesiones histopatológicas de 39 perros, 19 gatos 2 cabras y un toro, se clasificaron en cinco grupos diferentes: eritem multiforme, necrólisis tóxica de la epidermis, dermatitis liquenoide interfásica (erupción liquenoide a la administración de medicamentos), vasculitis, y pémfigo foliáceo. En 53 casos se recibió información adicional de la historia clínica y chequeos periódicos. A niniguno de los pacientes se le volvió a administrar la medicación. Sólamente en 4 de los animales el exámen histopatológico correspondió con la diagnosis de reacción a la medicación. Las diagnosis resultaron sen eritema multiforme, (un perro, y un gato), erupción liquenoide a la administración de medicamentos (un perro), y reacción de tipo penfigácea (un gato). En 7 de los perros se denegó reacciones adversas a drogas. En los 27 pacientes restantes, no se encontró relación entre las lesiones cutáneas y la administración de drogas, y la aparición de lesiones cutáneas se atribuyó a enfermadades concurrentes.  相似文献