ALTERNATIVES TO DDT FOR THE CONTROL OF PRE-BLOSSOM PESTS ON APPLE   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

H. J. Gould    N. French  J. D. R. Vernon 《Plant pathology》1967,16(1):37-42

  相似文献   

Equine infectious anemia     

D F Vernon  T Cox 《Modern veterinary practice》1974,55(6):471-472

  相似文献   

Cells, cytokines and other molecules associated with rejection of gastrointestinal nematode parasites     

Meeusen EN  Balic A  Bowles V 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,108(1-2):121-125

Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes represent a major problem for human health and animal health and production. The physical size of the parasite, its changing life-cycle stages and the relative inaccessibility to host cells pose unique challenges to the immune system, which has evolved specialized strategies for parasite control. This paper reviews the work performed in the authors' laboratories to identify components that are involved in the natural rejection response against ruminant gastrointestinal nematode parasites, in particular Haemonchus contortus in sheep. The results of these studies indicate that stage-specific antibodies act in concert with effector cells, in particular globular leukocytes (intraepithelial mast cells) and eosinophils, appropriately activated/primed by type 2 (T2) cytokines, to initiate different mechanisms of parasite expulsion and killing. In addition, other molecules, in particular carbohydrate binding galectins, may be involved in strengthening the final effector phase of the rejection response.  相似文献   

Apparent metabolisable energy values of fats for broiler chicks     

J Wiseman  D J Cole  F G Perry  B G Vernon  B C Cooke 《British poultry science》1986,27(4):561-576

Seven fats were included at 30, 60 and 90 g/kg (experiment 1) and at 20, 40, 60 g/kg (experiment 2) in a semi-synthetic fat-free diet and in a practical diet respectively. Apparent metabolisable energy (AME) was evaluated with 6 replicate cages each with three Ross 1 cockerel chicks 8 d old. Diets were fed for 11 d and a total collection of excreta undertaken for the last four. There was no significant departure from linearity in the response of dietary AME to added fat, indicating no interactions between basal diet and added fat. In experiment 3 one fat was evaluated at 10 rates of inclusion (10 g/kg to 100 g/kg in 10 g increments) in both a semi-synthetic fat-free basal and a practical basal diet. A significant departure from linearity in the response of dietary AME to added fat was detected but there was no significant fat X basal diet interaction. In experiment 4 twelve commercially available fat blends were each evaluated at 10 rates of inclusion (15 g/kg to 150 g/kg in 15 g increments) in a practical basal diet. Significant departures from linearity in the responses of dietary AME to added fat were observed with some of the fats. It was concluded that the AME of fats mat be determined from multi-level assays by interpolating the quadratic relationships derived.  相似文献   

Toxicological studies with the 1,3,5-triazine herbicide cyanazine     

A. Ian T. Walker  Vernon K. H. Brown  Jiro K. Kodama  Ernest Thorpe  Andrew B. Wilson 《Pest management science》1974,5(2):153-159

Acute and long-term mammalian toxicity studies were carried out with the 1,3,5-triazine herbicide cyanazine (I) and its two major plant and soil metabolites DW 43 85 (II) and DW 4394 (III). Depending upon the species used, the acute oral LD50 values for cyanazine ranged from 140-750 mg/kg, the values in any one species not being influenced by formulation. The acute, percutaneous LD50 values were greater than 1000 mg/kg, the maximum dose which could be administered. Cyanazine was non-irritant to eyes and skin and a non-sensitiser to skin. The acute oral LD50 in rats for (II) was 789 mg/kg and for (III) was >2000 mg/kg. In 13-week studies on cyanazine, reduced growth rates and organ weight changes were the most sensitive criteria of exposure, 25 parts/million in the diet of rats and 5 mg/kg orally dosed to dogs being considered to be without toxicological effect. In two year studies 12 parts/million in the diet of rats and 1.25 mg/kg, orally dosed to dogs produced no changes of toxicological significance. In 13-week studies with (II) and (III), intakes of up to 10 000 parts/million in the diet failed to produce any toxicologically significant changes.  相似文献   

Ingestion of deep-sea mining discharge by five species of tropical copepods     

Vernon J. H. Hu 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1981,15(4):433-440

Five species of tropical copepods were exposed to samples of mining discharge and the fecal pellets produced were collected for chemical comparisons with mining discharge and with fecal pellets produced when the same species were held in ambient sea water. Chemical compositions were compared by means of Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (EDAX). Chemical composition of fecal pellets and mining discharge indicates uptake of mining discharge inUndinula vulgaris,Euchaeta rimana, andLabidocera acutifrons, possible uptake inUndinula darwinii and no apparent uptake inOncaea venusta. The total difference between the elemental ratios, standardized to Ca, observed for mining discharge and fecal pellets are 22.9 and 6.8 inUndinula vulgaris, 23.9 and 13.6 inEuchaeta rimana, 23.3 and 2.9 inLabidocera acutifrons, 19.8 and 13.7 inUndinula darwinii, and 18.2 and 4.0 inOncaea venusta for fecal pellets produced by copepods held in ambient sea water and for fecal pellets produced when exposed to a sample of mining discharge respectively. The application of EDAX to chemical analysis of fecal pellets is described and discussed.  相似文献   

Economics. The promise of prediction markets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Arrow KJ  Forsythe R  Gorham M  Hahn R  Hanson R  Ledyard JO  Levmore S  Litan R  Milgrom P  Nelson FD  Neumann GR  Ottaviani M  Schelling TC  Shiller RJ  Smith VL  Snowberg E  Sunstein CR  Tetlock PC  Tetlock PE  Varian HR  Wolfers J  Zitzewitz E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5878):877-878

  相似文献   

STARFISH STAINS     

Vernon AA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1937,86(2220):64

  相似文献   

Signals of adiposity     

Vernon RG  Denis RG  Sørensen A 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2001,21(4):197-214

Adipose tissue, a reserve of energy, has played an essential role in mammalian evolution. Adipose tissue differs from other tissues in that its mass has considerable capacity to expand, which while beneficial in decreasing the risk of starvation, increases the risk of predation. Adipose tissue mass is thus under tight control in nondomestic species. Adipose tissue secretes a variety of factors, some of which (leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) , resistin) are thought to be involved in modulation of adipose mass. Leptin has a variety of functions, primarily targetting the hypothalamus where it acts to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. Leptin is also involved in the adaptations to fasting, and leptin is also required for normal reproductive and immune function. TNF and resistin appear to have key paracrine roles, attenuating the anabolic effects of insulin on adipose tissue metabolism.  相似文献   

Analysis of Canadian and American legislation for controlling exotic species in the Great Lakes     

Charlotte Vsrhelyi  Vernon G. Thomas 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2003,13(5):417-427

• 1. The legislation of the Great Lakes jurisdictions dealing with control of exotic species introduced through ballast water, canals, and recreational boating was analysed to determine whether the USA and Canada have the capacity to manage nuisance exotic species effectively. Despite the deleterious ecological effects attributed to exotic aquatic species, there is a lack of complementary legislation between Canada and the USA to remedy this problem. Current legislation is fragmented at the bilateral, national, and the state/provincial level.
• 2. American legislative initiatives are far ahead of Canada's, especially for regulating ballast water in oceanic shipping. Canada lacks strong federal and provincial legislation to regulate ballast water in shipping and to prevent the secondary spread of exotic aquatic species through watersheds.
• 3. Legislation to regulate ballast water is developing quickly among the US federal government and the Great Lakes states. However, legislation affecting the spread of exotic nuisance species via canals and recreational boaters is needed to complement ballast water laws and to give agencies a broader mandate for management.
• 4. Amendment of the Boundary Waters Treaty Act, the Fisheries Act, and the Canada Water Act could give the Canadian federal government authority to regulate ballast water in vessels entering the St Lawrence and to begin the rehabilitation of aquatic habitats impaired by nuisance exotic species.
• 5. Preventing further species introduction and spread through the Great Lakes basin requires restricting certain shipping and boating practices. This can be achieved only by the enactment of complementary laws among all the American and Canadian jurisdictions.

Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献