Dravya—As an organic agent for the management of seed-borne fungi of sorghum and its role in the induction of defense enzymes     

Vinay B. Raghavendra  M. Govindappa 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,89(3):190-197

A commercially developed cytokinin and seaweed extract formulation “Dravya” was used at 0.3% concentration for soaking of sorghum seeds for 12 h to test its effect on germination, vigour index, chlorophyll content and defense enzyme activity against seed mycoflora of sorghum. Among the treatments, Dravya (0.3%) with Dithane M-45 (0.1%) and GLSTIN (0.1%) or separately or in combination resulted is maximum percentage of seed germination, seedling vigour and reduced the incidence of seed mycoflora besides defense enzymes enhancement was noticed. In this study, Dravya was used for seed soaking, foliar spray, separately as well as in combination with GLSTIN and Mancozeb M-45 to test its efficacy in the enhancement of seedling vigour, chlorophyll content and defence enzyme activities. Hence, it is inferred that Dravya is a good growth promoter and improves natural resistance to disease in sorghum.  相似文献   

Simple methods for measurement of bovine mucosal antibody responses in vivo     

McNeilly TN  Naylor SW  Mitchell MC  McAteer S  Mahajan A  Smith DG  Gally DL  Low JC  Huntley JF 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,118(1-2):160-167

The mucosal immune response serves as the first line of defence against many bacterial and viral diseases. Therefore, measurement of mucosal immune responses is important in evaluating mucosal immunisation protocols and understanding initial host/pathogen interactions. In this study we compare two methods for repeated sampling of bovine rectal mucosal secretions, namely rectal swabbing and rectal biopsies, and evaluate a simple swabbing method for sampling bovine nasal secretions. Both rectal swabs and rectal biopsies yielded similar quantities of total IgA (TIgA)/ml. However, rectal biopsies yielded five times more total IgG (TIgG)/ml than rectal swabs. Blood contamination was estimated to contribute approximately 7% of TIgG and <0.05% TIgA in rectal swab samples compared to 40% of TIgG and 4.5% of TIgA in rectal biopsy samples, indicating that rectal swabbing was more effective at sampling rectal mucosal secretions. Nasal swabs were effective at obtaining nasal secretion samples with only 1% of TIgG and <0.05% TIgA estimated to be blood derived. Furthermore, H7 flagellin-specific antibodies were detected in both nasal and rectal swab samples following either rectal immunisation with purified H7 flagellin or oral challenge with live E. coli O157:H7, indicating that both techniques are effective methods for monitoring mucosal antibody responses in cattle.  相似文献   

Variability of Nutritional and Cooking Quality in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) as a Function of Genotype     

Supradip Saha  Gyanendra Singh  V. Mahajan  H. S. Gupta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):174-180

Screening of natural biodiversity for the better quality traits are of prime importance for quality breeding programs. The objective of this investigation was to select candidate accession of bean having high concentrations of protein as well as macro and micro minerals with good cooking quality for use as parents in breeding programme for these compounds. Thirty-five accessions of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were field grown and their seeds were analyzed for their cooking quality and nutritional composition. Wide variations were observed in most of the measurements e.g. protein (18.7–26.2%), iron (79.4–137.6 ppm) and hardness after cooking (4.65–9.88 Kg) suggesting that there are considerable levels of genetic diversity. Across all accessions the concentration of potassium was negatively correlated with protein (r = −0.43, P < 0.05). Concentrations of protein was significantly greater in accessions VIII, XIII and XIX compared to other accessions analyzed. Iron concentrations were greatest (137 ppm) in XIX and lowest (79 ppm) in XXVII. Lines with less cooking time were line III, X, XXVI, XXX and XXXI. Bean line XIX contains high protein (24.9%) with high zinc (33.3 ppm) and highest iron (137.6 ppm), but it has high hardness after cooking (7.32 kg). Four clusters were computed by cluster analysis that explained quite a good variation in the traits. The great variability for these attributes suggests that these selected accessions may be useful as parents in hybridization programs to produce bean with value-added traits. This information was also potentially useful for pulse breeders working on the development of new varieties.  相似文献   

Diversity in Indian sesame collection and stratification of germplasm accessions in different diversity groups   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

I.S. Bisht  R.K. Mahajan  T.R. Loknathan  R.C. Agrawal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(4):325-335

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the ancient oil crops, grown in India since over 5,000 years ago. Diversity in the Indian sesame collection (3,129 accessions), representing all eco-geographical regions, for a range of morphological and agronomic characters was studied. Wide variation in plant habit (plant height and branching pattern), pubescence of various plant parts (stem, leaf, corolla and capsule), flower colour and number of flowers per leaf axil, capsule characteristics (shape, size, number in the axil of a leaf and number of locules in a capsule), number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, mean seed weight, and yield per plant was recorded. A detailed multivariate analysis was performed on a set of 100 selected accessions representing different agro-ecological zones. The accessions were classified into 7 discrete clusters. The principal components analysis described the spatial relationship among the entities and confirmed groupings obtained through clustering. Based on the clustering pattern of 100 accessions, the entire collection was allocated to different clusters. Representation of various zones in 7 clusters gives us the opportunity to form distinct diversity groups making combined use of passport and characterisation data. These diversity groups would subsequently be used for sampling the accessions for building up a core collection of sesame, a project already operative at the NBPGR.  相似文献   

北方旱区保护性耕作对农田土壤水分的影响   总被引：12，自引：10，他引：12  

杜建涛  何文清  Vinay Nangi  严昌荣  Mobin Ahm  刘爽  刘勤 《农业工程学报》2008,24(11):25-29

土壤水分是中国北方旱区农业生产的主要限制因子,研究保护性耕作技术体系下土壤水分的动态变化,明确不同耕作模式下的水分平衡规律,对于选择适宜的保护性耕作技术,提高北方旱区土壤水分的利用效率具有重要的指导意义。该文在2a田间试验的基础上采用DSSAT模型对4个不同保护性耕作处理的土壤体积含水量、水分平衡以及水分利用效率进行了模拟和检验。结果表明干旱年份保护性耕作处理土壤体积含水量较传统耕作高,RMSE误差在0.025～0.063;干旱年份传统耕作土壤储水量减少最多,为144.6mm,降水较多年份减少也最多,为46.1mm;干旱年份水分利用效率1.52～1.78kg/m3,免耕覆盖水分利用效率最高,降水较多年份水分利用效率1.70～1.71kg/m3,各处理间差异并不显著。研究结果为保护性耕作技术对农田土壤水分的影响研究提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Yield and water productivity of rice as affected by time of transplanting in Punjab, India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Mahajan  T.S. Bharaj 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(3):525-532

Early planting of rice crop during the period of peak evaporative demand results in substantial mining of ground water and threats the sustainability of rice production in Punjab, northwest India. In order to increase yield and water productivity, arrest the mining of ground water, and achieve sustainability of rice production, there is need to adopt water-saving management practices. The present investigation in the Indian Punjab was aimed at investigating the effect of date of transplanting in four rice cultivars varying in growth duration (short-duration RH-257 and PR-115, and medium-duration PR-113 and PAU-201) on yield and water productivity. Delaying in transplanting from 15 June to 25 June or 5 July resulted in reduction in mean grain yield of the four cultivars by 7.2% and 15.9%, respectively. PAU-201, a photoperiod-sensitive cultivar, had higher mean grain yield (7.8 t ha⁻¹) by 14.1%, 12.8% and 11.5% over the photoperiod-insensitive cultivars, PR-113, PR-115 and RH-257, respectively. Irrespective of transplanting dates, short-duration cultivars, RH-257 and PR-115, respectively, resulted in 18.9% and 16.6% saving of water, as compared to medium-duration cultivar PR-113. With delayed transplanting after 15 June, both yield and water productivity decreased for all photoperiod insensitive cultivars, but yields remained statistically similar and water productivity greater for a photoperiod sensitive cultivar. Mean irrigation water productivity (WP_I) was highest for 15 June transplanting (0.66 kg m⁻³) and lowest for 5 July transplanting (0.57 kg m⁻³), and was highest for RH-257 (0.68 kg m⁻³) and lowest for PR-113 (0.50 kg m⁻³). Total water productivity (WP_I+R; irrigation plus rainfall) decreased by 9.1% for 5 July transplanting compared with 15 June transplanting, and was highest for RH-257 (0.49 kg m⁻³) and lowest for PR-113 (0.38 kg m⁻³). Real crop water productivity (WP_ET) of the photoperiod insensitive cultivars decreased (1.10-1.40 kg m⁻³), but that of a photoperiod sensitive cultivar increased (1.63 kg m⁻³), with delayed transplanting. We conclude that substantial amount of water can be saved and yield increased by transplanting short-duration cultivars during the period of peak evaporative demand, or water saved and yield maintained by transplanting a photoperiod-sensitive cultivar late in the season when the evaporative demand is low.  相似文献   

Using hyperspectral remote sensing techniques to monitor nitrogen,phosphorus, sulphur and potassium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

G. R. Mahajan  R. N. Sahoo  R. N. Pandey  V. K. Gupta  Dinesh Kumar 《Precision Agriculture》2014,15(5):499-522

In situ, non-destructive and real time mineral nutrient stress monitoring is an important aspect of precision farming for rational use of fertilizers. Studies have demonstrated the ability of remote sensing to monitor nitrogen (N) in many crops, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in very few crops and none so far to monitor sulphur (S). Specially designed (1) fertility gradient experiment and (2) test crop experiments were used to check the possibility of mineral N–P–S–K stress detection using airborne hyperspectral remote sensing. Leaf and canopy hyperspectral reflectance data and nutrient status at booting stage of the wheat crop were recorded. N–P–S–K sensitive wavelengths were identified using linear correlation analysis. Eight traditional vegetation indices (VIs) and three proposed (one for P and two for S) were evaluated for plant N–P–S–K predictability. A proposed VI (P_1080_1460) predicted P content with high and significant accuracy (correlation coefficient (r) 0.42 and root means square error (RMSE) 0.180 g m^?2). Performance of the proposed S VI (S_660_1080) for S concentration and content retrieval was similar whereas prediction accuracies were higher than traditional VIs. Prediction accuracy of linear regressive models improved when biomass-based nutrient contents were considered rather than concentrations. Reflectance in the SWIR region was found to monitor N–P–S–K status in plants in combination with reflectance at either visible (VIS) or near infrared (NIR) region. Newly developed and validated spectral algorithms specific to N, P, S and K can further be used for monitoring in a wheat crop in order to undertake site-specific management.  相似文献   

Alterations of hemogram,serum biochemistry,oxidative/nitrosative balance,and copper/zinc homeostasis in dromedary camels naturally infected with poxvirus     

De  U. K.  Chander  V.  Akhilesh  Mahajan  S.  Sharma  G. K.  Nandi  Sukdeb  Singh  K. P.  Gupta  V. K. 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(6):2997-3003

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Camel pox (CMLP), a contagious viral disease of camels, causes considerable economic loss in terms of milk, meat, wool, and leather production besides...  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization in Allium crops: status and prospectus     

Benke  Ashwini Prashant  Mahajan  Vijay  Manjunathagowda  Dalasanuru Chandregowda  Mokat  Digambar Nabhu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):1-9

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Alliums are essential crops in daily diet for their flavor and medicinal value, which are highly cross pollinated crops, prone to inbreeding, or continuous...  相似文献   

Influence of some nematicides on the chemical composition of tomato fruits     

K. L. Bajaj  R. Mahajan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1977,27(3-4):335-338

The influence of five nematicides viz., DBCP, D-D, fensulfothion, carbofuran and aldicarb was investigated on the chemical composition of tomato fruits. Nematicidal treatment had considerable effect on the dry matter, acidity, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and lycopene content. In general, beta-carotene content decreased whereas acidity and ascorbic acid content increased. D-D and DBCP decreased the dry matter while all other treatments increased it. Lycopene content decreased with all nematicides except aldicarb.

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Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von 5 verschiedenen Nematiziden, DBCP, D-D, Fensulfothion, Carbofuran and Aldicarb, wurde im Hinblick auf die chemische Zusammenzetzung von Tomatenfrüchten untersucht. Behandlung mit Nematiziden hatte eine beträchtliche Wirkung auf Trockensubstanz, Gesamtsäure, Ascorbinsäure, -Carotin und Lycopin. Im allgemeinen nahm der -Carotin-gehalt ab, während Säure- und Ascorbinsäuregehalt zunahmen. D-D und DBCP bewirkten eine Abnahme der Trockensubstanz, während alle anderen Behandlungen sie förderten. Der Lycopingehalt nahm bei allen Nematizid-Behandlungen ab, mit Ausnahme bei Aldicarb-Behandlung.

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