A high protein high fibre diet improves weight loss in obese dogs     

Alexander J. German  Shelley L. Holden  Thomas Bissot  Penelope J. Morris  Vincent Biourge 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(3):294-297

A newly-formulated, high protein high fibre (HPHF) diet has recently been shown to improve satiety in dogs. The current study examined its performance during weight loss in client-owned dogs with naturally-occurring obesity. Fifteen dogs were fed the HPHF diet, whilst a matched ‘control’ group of 27 dogs, received a high protein medium fibre diet (HPMF), with an equivalent caloric density. Baseline characteristics (signalment, percentage overweight, and body fat percentage) were not significantly different between groups. However, percentage weight loss was greater (median [range] 31.8% [12.0–41.2%] vs. 20.0% [5.9–45.0%], P = 0.016) and mean rate of weight loss faster (median [range] 1.0%/week [0.3–1.6%] vs. 0.7%/week [0.3–1.5%], P = 0.028) on HPHF compared with HPMF. Percentage body fat mass decrease (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) was also greater in dogs fed the HPHF diet (median (range] 58% [32–85%) vs. 37% [15–72%), P = 0.002). Thus, a diet formulated to include high levels of both protein and fibre, improves outcome during weight loss in obese dogs.  相似文献   

Trapping Cryptophlebia illepida and C. ombrodelta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in macadamia in Hawaii     

Vincent C. S. Chang 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):104-108

Abstract

Two species of Cryptophlebia found in Hawaii's macadamia orchards are active in different parts of a tree canopy. C. illepida (Butler) males were mostly caught in traps hung 1·5 m to 9.1 m from the ground; whereas C. ombrodelta (Lower) males were caught from 9.1 m to 15.2 m. A plastic, cylindrical sticky trap caught equal numbers of C. illepida males as Pherocon 1C traps but more than delta traps. A synthetic pheromone blend of 93% (Z)‐8‐dodecenyl acetate, 4% (E)‐8‐dodecenyl acetate, 1% (Z)‐8‐dodecenol, and 2% (2)‐7‐dedecenyl acetate attracted more males than other blends. No significant differences were detected between the two Cryptophlebia species in their response to the four‐component pheromone blend when traps were hung 4.6 m from the ground.  相似文献   

Impact of insecticide and fungicide residue contact on plum curculio,Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), mobility and mortality: implications for pest management     

Tracy C Leskey  Starker E Wright  Julien Saguez  Charles Vincent 《Pest management science》2013,69(4):464-470

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Comparison of field methyl isothiocyanate flux following Pacific Northwest surface‐applied and ground‐incorporated fumigation practices     

Matt H Littke  Jane LePage  David A Sullivan  Vincent R Hebert 《Pest management science》2013,69(5):620-626

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Predicting the emergence of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on a degree‐day scale in North America     

Vincent P Jones  Richard Hilton  Jay F Brunner  Walt J Bentley  Diane G Alston  Bruce Barrett  Robert A Van Steenwyk  Larry A Hull  James F Walgenbach  William W Coates  Timothy J Smith 《Pest management science》2013,69(12):1393-1398

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Heterologous expression and characterization of an N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis IL1403     

Nguyen HA  Nguyen TH  Křen V  Eijsink VG  Haltrich D  Peterbauer CK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(12):3275-3281

The lnbA gene of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 encodes a polypeptide with similarity to lacto-N-biosidases and N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidases. The gene was cloned into the expression vector pET-21d and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21* (DE3). The recombinant purified enzyme (LnbA) was a monomer with a molecular weight of approximately 37 kDa. Studies with chromogenic substrates including p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (pNP-GlcNAc) and p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-galactosamine (pNP-GalNAc) showed that the enzyme had both N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminidase activity, thus indicating that the enzyme is an N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase. K(m) and k(cat) for pNP-GlcNAc were 2.56 mM and 26.7 s(-1), respectively, whereas kinetic parameters for pNP-GalNAc could not be determined due to the K(m) being very high (>10 mM). The optimal temperature and pH of the enzyme were 37 °C and 5.5, respectively, for both substrates. The half-life of activity at 37 °C and pH 6.0 was 53 h, but activity was completely abolished after 30 min at 50 °C, meaning that the enzyme has relatively low temperature stability. The enzyme was stable in the pH 5.5-8 range and was unstable at pH below 5.5. Studies with natural substrates showed hydrolytic activity on chito-oligosaccharides but not on colloidal chitin or chitosan. Transglycosylation products were not detected. In all, the data suggest that LnbA's role may be to degrade chito-oligosaccharides that are produced by the previously described chitinolytic system of L. lactis.  相似文献   

Issues and special features of animal health research     

Ducrot C  Bed'hom B  Béringue V  Coulon JB  Fourichon C  Guérin JL  Krebs S  Rainard P  Schwartz-Cornil I  Torny D  Vayssier-Taussat M  Zientara S  Zundel E  Pineau T 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):96

ABSTRACT: In the rapidly changing context of research on animal health, INRA launched a collective discussion on the challenges facing the field, its distinguishing features, and synergies with biomedical research. As has been declared forcibly by the heads of WHO, FAO and OIE, the challenges facing animal health, beyond diseases transmissible to humans, are critically important and involve food security, agriculture economics, and the ensemble of economic activities associated with agriculture. There are in addition issues related to public health (zoonoses, xenobiotics, antimicrobial resistance), the environment, and animal welfare.Animal health research is distinguished by particular methodologies and scientific questions that stem from the specific biological features of domestic species and from animal husbandry practices. It generally does not explore the same scientific questions as research on human biology, even when the same pathogens are being studied, and the discipline is rooted in a very specific agricultural and economic context.Generic and methodological synergies nevertheless exist with biomedical research, particularly with regard to tools and biological models. Certain domestic species furthermore present more functional similarities with humans than laboratory rodents.The singularity of animal health research in relation to biomedical research should be taken into account in the organization, evaluation, and funding of the field through a policy that clearly recognizes the specific issues at stake. At the same time, the One Health approach should facilitate closer collaboration between biomedical and animal health research at the level of research teams and programmes.  相似文献   

两层楼的养猪场——高且干燥     

任颖  冯定一  Vincentter Beek 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2011,31(4):23-24

在整个荷兰,可以找到大约15家使用两层式猪舍进行养猪的猪场。尽管因为社会原因备受批评,但这种饲养方式向生产者提供了许多益处。  相似文献   

Determining milk isolated and conjugated trans-unsaturated fatty acids using fourier transform Raman spectroscopy     

Stefanov I  Baeten V  Abbas O  Colman E  Vlaeminck B  De Baets B  Fievez V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(24):12771-12783

The feasibility of Raman spectroscopy in combination with partial least-squares (PLS) regression for the determination of individual or grouped trans-monounsaturated fatty acids (trans-MUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in milk fat is demonstrated using spectra obtained at two temperature conditions: room temperature and after freezing at -80 °C. The PLS results displayed capability for direct semiroutine quantification of several individual CLA (cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 C18:2) and trans-MUFA (trans-4-15 C18:1) in minor concentrations (below 1.0 g/100 g of milk fat). Calibration models were based on reference data cross-correlation or determined by specific scattering signals in the Raman spectra. Distinct bands for trans-MUFA (1674 cm(-1)) and CLA (1653 cm(-1)) from the trans isolated and cis,trans conjugated C ═ C bonds were identified, as well as original evidence for the temperature effect (new bands, peak shifts, and higher intensities) on the Raman spectra of fatty acid methyl ester and triacylglyceride standards, are supplied.  相似文献   

Effect of subcutaneous selenium injection and supplementary selenium source on blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase in feedlot heifers     

Chorfi Y  Girard V  Fournier A  Couture Y 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(10):1089-1094

This study measured the effect on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and selenium (Se) in whole blood and plasma associated with subcutaneous Se injections in beef heifers fed organic or inorganic Se. Heifers (n = 120) were randomly divided into 2 groups, 1 of which received subcutaneous Se injections. Both groups were given the same total mixed ration with 3 mg of organic or inorganic Se daily. Until week 2, heifers that had received Se injections showed higher concentrations of plasma Se and GSH-Px and whole blood Se (P < 0.001) than those having had no injections. Concentrations of plasma Se and GSH-Px were higher in the group receiving organic Se than the group receiving inorganic Se. Whole blood GSH-Px concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001) throughout a 12-week period but were not affected by Se source. Combination of Se injections and supplementation could help maintain normal Se and GSH-Px blood status in beef heifers during the first few weeks in the feedlot.  相似文献