Camel Bites: A Case Study with a Summary of Current Epidemiology,Injury Patterns,and Treatment Modalities     

Vincent J. Calleo  Patrick O. Curtin  Amy S. Biondich 《The Forestry Chronicle》2018,29(3):380-382

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Development of the polysaccharidic matrix in biocrusts induced by a cyanobacterium inoculated in sand microcosms     

Gianmarco?Mugnai  Federico?RossiEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Vincent?John?Martin?Noah?Linus?Felde  Claudia?Colesie  Burkhard?Büdel  Stephan?Peth  Aaron?Kaplan  Roberto?De?Philippis 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(1):27-40

Soil inoculation with cyanobacteria (cyanobacterization) is a biotechnological method widely studied to improve soil quality and productivity. During their growth on soil, cyanobacteria excrete exopolysaccharides (EPSs) which glue trichomes to soil particles, in a three-dimensional extracellular polymeric matrix. EPS productivity is an important screening parameter to select proficient inoculants and is affected by growth conditions and abiotic stresses. In this study, we evaluated the capability of the cyanobacterium Schizothrix cf. delicatissima AMPL0116 to form biocrusts when inoculated in sand microcosms under stressing conditions, and the characteristics of the synthesized polymeric matrix. In parallel, we evaluated the characteristics of exopolysaccharidic exudates of the strain when grown in liquid culture, under optimal growth setting. Our results pointed out at significant differences of the exopolymers produced in the two conditions in terms of monosaccharidic composition and molecular weight distribution, and proved the capability of S. cf. delicatissima AMPL0116 to form stable bioaggregates on sandy soils.  相似文献   

A rapid and miniaturized system using Alamar blue to assess fungal spore viability: implications for biosecurity     

Papori Barua  Ming Pei You  Kirsty Bayliss  Vincent Lanoiselet  Martin J. Barbetti 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(1):139-150

Long-lasting viable fungal spores are one of the important aspects in emergence, spread and disease development of pathogenic fungi. We developed a rapid and miniaturized system using Alamar Blue (resazurin dye; 7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one 10-oxide) for assessing fungal spore viability, using the ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans (causing blackleg disease on canola) as a ‘model pathogen’. The assay is dependent on the metabolic activity of viable fungal spores to convert the dark blue of resazurin (maximum absorbance 605 nm) into the pink colour of resorufin (maximum absorbance 573 nm). The Alamar Blue assay uses an optimised micro-titre based format that was far superior for determining fungal spore viability in comparison with current conventional techniques including trypan blue staining, a TC10 cellometer cell counter, or by assessing germination of the spores under the microscope. This new assay was also more rapid and reproducible than current conventional tests to detect viable spores. Viable spores could be reliably detected within two hours. The successful application of the Alamar Blue assay to measure fungal spore viability in the current study has important benefits for biosecurity operations relating to faster and more reliable confirmation of viability of potential invasive exotic fungal pathogens and in minimising any consequent disease outbreaks. The effectiveness of the Alamar Blue assay was confirmed by successfully determining the relative retention times of viable L. maculans ascospores across a range of different potential spore-carrier materials, including steel, fabric, wood, paper, rubber and leather, over a time period of eight months. To further confirm the wide applicability of the Alamar Blue assay, it was successfully applied to detect viable spores of fungal pathogens of diverse taxonomic groups, including Kabatiella caulivora, Magnaporthe oryzae and Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, and also of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  相似文献   

Concentration‐dependent effects of acute and chronic neonicotinoid exposure on the behaviour and development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans          下载免费PDF全文

Monika M Kudelska  Lindy Holden‐Dye  Vincent O'Connor  Declan A Doyle 《Pest management science》2017,73(7):1345-1351

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Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Globodera pallida: evidence for an ivermectin‐activated decrease in lipid stores          下载免费PDF全文

Justyna P Smus  Elizabeth Ludlow  Nicolas Dallière  Sarah Luedtke  Tual Monfort  Catherine Lilley  Peter Urwin  Robert J Walker  Vincent O'Connor  Lindy Holden‐Dye  Sumeet Mahajan 《Pest management science》2017,73(12):2550-2558

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Inheritance of red foliage in flowering dogwood (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cornus florida</Emphasis> L.)     

Phillip A. Wadl  Xinwang Wang  Vincent R. Pantalone  Robert N. Trigiano 《Euphytica》2010,176(1):99-104

Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) is an ornamental tree valued for its showy white, pink, or red spring bract display and red fall color. A “pseudo” F₂ flowering dogwood population was recently developed from a honeybee mediated cross of ‘Cherokee Brave’ × ‘Appalachian Spring’. The foliage color of 94 “pseudo” F₂ plants segregated into green- and red- leaved phenotypes and was visually rated for color on five spring dates over 3 years (2007–2009). Chi-square analyses of observed segregation of phenotypes indicated that a complementary gene interaction form of epistasis controls foliage color with a 9:7 two gene ratio. We propose the symbols rl ₁ and rl ₂ for the genes controlling this trait.  相似文献   

High vs. low yielding oleoresin Pinus halepensis Mill. trees GC terpenoids profiling as diagnostic tool     

Christoforos Karanikas  Vincent Walker  Apostolos Scaltsoyiannes  Gilles Comte  Cédric Bertrand 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(4):412-412

? A discriminant study based on samples taken from high and low yielding oleoresin trees of two Greek populations, Chalkidiki and Euboia, was carried out. Oleoresin of Pinus halepensis Mill. was characterised by GC/MS analysis.

? The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify in detail the composition of the oleoresin of P. halepensis and in particular of high yielding trees (plus trees) (ii) to investigate a potential relationship between the oleoresin compounds and the oleoresin yield and (iii) to investigate any correlations among the compounds.

? About forty monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were identified as main compounds representing 97.40% of the analyzed oleoresin. α-Pinene, methyl abietate, abietic acid, palustric acid, isopimaric acid and neoabietic acid were the major compounds. Efficient discrimination was achieved between the two populations and between the two groups of trees (high and low yielding). In both cases, the differentiation was due to the quantitative variability of certain compounds. High positive correlations were found among certain compounds.

? The results suggest that the oleoresin profile is a useful tool for the discrimination of trees according to their provenance or their oleoresin yield.

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Profiling of phenylpropanoid monomers in developing xylem tissue of transgenic aspen (Populus tremuloides)     

Shiro Suzuki  Norikazu Sakakibara  Laigeng Li  Toshiaki Umezawa  Vincent L. Chiang 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(1):71-76

Here we describe alterations in the cinnamate/monolignol pathway in three transgenic aspen lines: one with downregulated expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), one with upregulated expression of coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase (CAld5H), and a 4CL downregulated/CAld5H upregulated line. Compared with the wild type, the 4CL downregulated line showed significantly increased levels of p-hydroxycinnamic acids such as p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids. In contrast, the CAld5H upregulated line had increased content of p-coumaryl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohols. In the 4CL downregulated line, it was likely that most hydroxycinnamic acids were glycosylated. These results strongly suggest that the downregulation of 4CL and upregulation of CAld5H disrupt the metabolic flow through the cinnamate/monolignol pathway and thus alter the amount and structure of its final product, lignin.  相似文献   

在经济效益与动物福利之间寻找平衡点     

李政萍 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2010,30(4):13-15

动物福利在养猪生产中占据着越来越重要的地位。通过对动物福利进行立法以对养猪生产者进行更多限制是一种不能永远持续的趋势。荷兰Wageningen大学从事家畜研究的Hans Spoolder博士解释了结果将如何满足。  相似文献   

An oxidative enzyme boosting the enzymatic conversion of recalcitrant polysaccharides     

Vaaje-Kolstad G  Westereng B  Horn SJ  Liu Z  Zhai H  Sørlie M  Eijsink VG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6001):219-222

Efficient enzymatic conversion of crystalline polysaccharides is crucial for an economically and environmentally sustainable bioeconomy but remains unfavorably inefficient. We describe an enzyme that acts on the surface of crystalline chitin, where it introduces chain breaks and generates oxidized chain ends, thus promoting further degradation by chitinases. This enzymatic activity was discovered and further characterized by using mass spectrometry and chromatographic separation methods to detect oxidized products generated in the absence or presence of H(2)(18)O or (18)O(2). There are strong indications that similar enzymes exist that work on cellulose. Our findings not only demonstrate the existence of a hitherto unknown enzyme activity but also provide new avenues toward more efficient enzymatic conversion of biomass.  相似文献