Fate of cystic ovarian follicles and the subsequent fertility of early postpartum dairy cows     

Sakaguchi M  Sasamoto Y  Suzuki T  Takahashi Y  Yamada Y 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(7):197-201

The fate of cystic ovarian follicles that developed spontaneously during the early postpartum period of 50 lactating dairy cows was traced by ultrasonography to characterise the follicular dynamics in relation to the fertility of the cows. The absence of postpartum ovulations caused by repeated waves of anovulatory large follicles was also characterised and evaluated. Fifteen of the 50 cows developed cystic follicles, and these follicles became follicular cysts in five of the 15 cows. Most of the cystic follicles emerged before the first postpartum ovulation of the cows. The transition from cystic follicles to follicular cysts delayed the cows' first ovulation, oestrus and insemination, but had less influence on their fertility after they had recovered spontaneously. In addition to the 15 cows that developed cystic follicles or follicular cysts, six of the cows had five to 13 waves of follicles before their first ovulation. These repeated waves of follicles caused a more severe delay in the early postpartum reproductive events but did not affect the cows' fertility.  相似文献   

Identification and cornification-related gene expression of canine keratinocyte differentiation-associated protein, Kdap     

Yagihara H  Terada Y  Sugimoto S  Hidaka F  Yamada O  Ono K  Washizu T  Ariizumi K  Bonkobara M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,172(1):141-146

The outermost layer of skin, the epidermis, is cornified epithelial tissue composed of keratinocytes. To maintain the structure and function of the epidermis, the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cornification of keratinocytes is crucial, and various soluble factors secreted by keratinocytes are involved in these regulations. Previously, work has shown that keratinocytes secreted the protein Kdap (keratinocyte differentiation-associated protein) associated with the formation of cornified cell envelopes, a specialized protective barrier structure on the periphery of terminally differentiating keratinocytes. In the present report, the canine counterpart of human Kdap is identified and an attempt has been made to define its physiological role in canine keratinization. Canine Kdap (cKdap) showed structural features commonly observed in other counterparts and is secreted from transfected cells. The expression profile of cKdap mRNA, which was restrictively expressed in cornified epithelial tissues besides skin has also been determined. These findings indicate that there is a strong association between cKdap expression and cornification, which supports previous observations that Kdap is involved in the synthesis and/or degradation of cornified cell envelopes in humans and mice.  相似文献   

Loss of virulence of the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum through infection by φRSM filamentous phages     

Addy HS  Askora A  Kawasaki T  Fujie M  Yamada T 《Phytopathology》2012,102(5):469-477

φRSM1 and φRSM3 (φRSM phages) are filamentous phages (inoviruses) that infect Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt. Infection by φRSM phages causes several cultural and physiological changes to host cells, especially loss of virulence. In this study, we characterized changes related to the virulence in φRSM3-infected cells, including (i) reduced twitching motility and reduced amounts of type IV pili (Tfp), (ii) lower levels of β-1,4-endoglucanase (Egl) activity and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production, and (iii) reduced expression of certain genes (egl, pehC, phcA, phcB, pilT, and hrpB). The significantly lower levels of phcA and phcB expression in φRSM3-infected cells suggested that functional PhcA was insufficient to activate many virulence genes. Tomato plants injected with φRSM3-infected cells of different R. solanacearum strains did not show wilting symptoms. The virulence and virulence factors were restored when φRSM3-encoded orf15, the gene for a putative repressor-like protein, was disrupted. Expression levels of phcA as well as other virulence-related genes in φRSM3-ΔORF15-infected cells were comparable with those in wild-type cells, suggesting that orf15 of φRSM3 may repress phcA and, consequently, result in loss of virulence.  相似文献   

Effects on flowering and seed yield of dominant alleles at maturity loci E2 and E3 in a Japanese cultivar,Enrei     

Tetsuya Yamada  Makita Hajika  Naohiro Yamada  Kaori Hirata  Akinori Okabe  Nobuhiko Oki  Koji Takahashi  Kousuke Seki  Katsunori Okano  Yoichi Fujita  Akito Kaga  Takehiko Shimizu  Takashi Sayama  Masao Ishimoto 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):653-660

‘Enrei’ is the second leading variety of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Japan. Its cultivation area is mainly restricted to the Hokuriku region. In order to expand the adaptability of ‘Enrei’, we developed two near-isogenic lines (NILs) of ‘Enrei’ for the dominant alleles controlling late flowering at the maturity loci, E2 and E3, by backcrossing with marker-assisted selection. The resultant NILs and the original variety were evaluated for flowering, maturity, seed productivity and other agronomic traits in five different locations. Expectedly, NILs with E2 or E3 alleles flowered later than the original variety in most locations. These NILs produced comparatively larger plants in all locations. Seed yields were improved by E2 and E3 in the southern location or in late-sowing conditions, whereas the NIL for E2 exhibited almost the same or lower productivity in the northern locations due to higher degrees of lodging. Seed quality-related traits, such as 100-seed weight and protein content, were not significantly different between the original variety and its NILs. These results suggest that the modification of genotypes at maturity loci provides new varieties that are adaptive to environments of different latitudes while retaining almost the same seed quality as that of the original.  相似文献   

Hexachlorophene and cuprizone induce the spongy change of the developing rat brain by different mechanisms: the role of 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase)     

Kanno T  Sasaki S  Yamada N  Kawasako K  Tsuchitani M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(7):837-843

The goal of this research was to identify mechanisms responsible for the spongy change induced in rats after repeated hexachlorophene (HCP) or cuprizone (CPZ) dosing. Rats were dosed with 35 mg/kg HCP for 5 days followed by drug withdrawal for 7 days suffered spongy changes to the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord that were accompanied by degeneration of oligodendroglia. The severity of both lesions increased prominently on day 5; however, the spongy change decreased and degeneration of oligodendroglia reversed on day 12 (7 days after dosing ceased). On day 12, cerebral cortex oligodendroglia were stained strongly by anti-CNPase. Other rats were fed for 8 days with powdered chow containing 1% (w/w) CPZ, which was then withdrawn for 16 days. The rats exhibited the spongy change in the white matter of the cerebrum and cerebellum as well as oligodendroglial cell death from day 3. The severity of both lesions increased prominently on day 8. Cerebral cortex oligodendroglia were stained strongly by anti-CNPase on days 3 to 8 and decreased to the control levels by day 24 (16 days after dosing ceased). Electron microscopy revealed that oligodendroglia frequently displayed apoptotic morphology. These findings suggest that CNPase expression was induced in the course of restoration following HCP-induced insults to oligodendroglia and the myelin sheath, and in the course of demyelination by CPZ-induced damage to oligodendroglia. However, the role of CNPase on both courses is unclear.  相似文献   

Peripartum back fat thickness of multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with displacement of the abomasum or ketosis     

Yamakawa K  Aoki T  Matsui M  Yamada K  Ishii M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(5):641-644

To establish a method to predict postpartum diseases using prepartum back fat thickness (BFT), the peripartum BFTs of 54 healthy multiparous cows before calving, which were diagnosed with postpartum displacement of the abomasum (DA), clinical ketosis or subclinical ketosis were compared with those of healthy cows from 8 weeks before the expected calving date to 8 weeks after calving. The peripartum BFTs of the cows with DA or clinical ketosis were significantly higher than those of healthy cows. The peripartum BFTs of the cows with subclinical ketosis were not significantly higher than those of the healthy cows.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of tularemia in wild bears and hares in Japan     

Hotta A  Tanabayashi K  Yamamoto Y  Fujita O  Uda A  Mizoguchi T  Yamada A 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(2):89-95

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. The distribution of the pathogen in Japan has not been studied well. In this study, seroprevalence of tularemia among wild black bears and hares in Japan was determined. Blood samples collected from 431 Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) and 293 Japanese hares (Lepus brachurus) between 1998 and 2009 were examined for antibodies against F. tularensis by micro-agglutination test (MA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By subsequent confirmatory tests using western blot (WB) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), eight sera from Japanese black bears were definitely shown to be seropositive. All of these eight bears were residents of the northeastern part of main-island of Japan, where human tularemia had been reported. On the other hand, no seropositive Japanese hares were found. These results suggest that Japanese black bears can serve as sentinel for tularemia surveillance and may help understand the distribution of F. tularensis throughout the country. This is the first report on detection of antibody to F. tularensis in black bears of Japan.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a single intravenous dose of the neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir in the treatment of equine influenza     

Yamanaka T  Bannai H  Nemoto M  Tsujimura K  Kondo T  Muranaka M  Hobo S  Minamijima YH  Yamada M  Matsumura T 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(2):358-362

Equine influenza A virus (EIV) of the H3N8 subtype is an important pathogen causing acute respiratory disease in horses. Peramivir is a selective inhibitor of the influenza virus neuraminidase (NA). The characteristics of peramivir are not only its capacity for parenteral administration, but also its strong affinity for NA and slow off-rate from the NA-peramivir complex, suggesting that it could lead to a prolonged inhibitory effect and thus allow a lower dosing frequency. The aims of this study were to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of peramivir against the NA activities of EIV in vitro and the treatment efficacy of a single intravenous dose of peramivir in horses experimentally infected with EIV. Peramivir inhibited the activities of NA from the seven contemporary EIV strains in vitro, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 0.20nmol/L. Horses treated with a single IV dose of peramivir (3000mg/600mL/animal, 7.8-9.3mg/kg of bodyweight) showed significantly milder clinical signs (pyrexia, nasal discharge and cough) with a shorter duration than control horses injected with normal saline. Moreover, the mean duration of virus shedding for the horses treated with peramivir was significantly shorter than for the control horses. These findings suggested that a single IV administration of peramivir had good potential for the treatment of equine influenza, and may help to limit the spread of the disease in the horse population.  相似文献   

Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of avian Escherichia coli strains.     

Wanderley Dias da Silveira  Alessandra Ferreira  Marcelo Brocchi  Luciana Maria de Hollanda  Antonio Fernando Pestana de Castro  Aureo Tatsumi Yamada  Marcelo Lancellotti 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,85(1):47-53

Fifty avian (chicken) pathogenic Escherichia coli strains (APEC) isolated from individuals suffering from omphalitis, septicaemia and swollen head syndrome, and 30 strains isolated from healthy chickens were studied regarding their biological characteristics such as serogroups, haemolysin, colicin, cytotoxin, toxin and siderophore production, adhesion capacity to in vitro cultivated cells, and absorption of Congo red dye. Serotyping demonstrated that most of the omphalitis and normal strains were untypable, whereas most of the septicaemic strains were either untypable or rough. There was no prevalent serogroup among the pathogenic strains studied. The capacity for adhesion and invasion of in vitro cultured cells (HeLa, HEp-2, KPCC), as well as the agglutination of different types of red blood cells and the LD50 of each strain were also evaluated. No correlation was observed between the biological characteristics and pathogenicity, except that colicin was characteristically produced by swollen head syndrome E. coli strains. No correlation was found between adhesion or haemagglutination patterns and pathogenicity. Only six of the 50 strains revealed invasive capacity and the strain that best invaded the cell lines was the one with the lowest LD50.  相似文献   

Effects of maturity genes E2 and E3 on yield formation in soybean cultivar Enrei in warm region,Fukuyama in Japan     

Yohei Kawasaki  Ryo Yamazaki  Katsuyuki Katayama  Tetsuya Yamada  Hideyuki Funatsuki 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):387-397

ABSTRACT

Understanding how maturity genes affect soybean yield formation will provide important information for crop management decisions. This study aimed to reveal how maturity genes E2 and E3 in the soybean cultivar ‘Enrei’ affect yields and yield formation in warm regions of Japan. ‘Enrei’ (e2e3) and three near-isogenic lines of ‘Enrei’ (e2E3, E2e3, and E2E3) were cultivated in 2016 and 2017 in Fukuyama, Japan (34°30′N, 133°23′E). Two sowing dates were set in each year (June sowing and July sowing). E2 extended the period from emergence to R1 and also the period from R1 to R7, whereas E3 extended only the period from emergence to R1. Interaction between E2 and E3 did not affect duration of the period from emergence to R1, but did affect the period from R1 to R7. Although seed yield did not differ between genotypes in the June sowings, the effects of E2 and E3 on seed yield in July sowing were both significant and interaction between E2 and E3 also observed. The total number of nodes increased in E3 genotypes in both sowing dates, especially in E2E3. Pod-set ratio was lower in E2 and E3 genotypes than in e2 and e3 genotypes in the June sowings, but did not differ between genotypes in the July sowings. The high yield of E2E3 genotypes in the July sowings was attributed to increased number of nodes and flower production while maintaining pod-set ratio. Appropriate choice of sowing date is suggested to be essential when using E3 genotypes.Abbreviations: HI: harvest index; NIL: near-isogenic line; RUE: radiation use efficiency; TDM: total above-ground dry matter; TRI: total solar radiation intercepted  相似文献