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991.
Eddy covariance (EC) systems are being used to assess the accuracy of remote sensing methods in mapping surface sensible and
latent heat fluxes and evapotranspiration (ET) from local to regional scales, and in crop coefficient development. Therefore,
the objective was to evaluate the accuracy of EC systems in measuring sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE) fluxes. For this
purpose, two EC systems were installed near large monolithic weighing lysimeters, on irrigated cotton fields in the Texas
High Plains, during the months of June and July 2008. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were underestimated with an average
error of about 30%. Most of the errors were from nocturnal measurements. Energy balance (EB) closure was 73.2–78.0% for daytime
fluxes. Thus, daylight fluxes were adjusted for lack of EB closure using the Bowen ratio/preservation of energy principle,
which improved the resulting EC heat flux agreement with lysimetric values. Further adjustments to EC-based ET included nighttime
ET (composite) incorporation, and the use of ‘heat flux source area’ (footprint) functions to compensate ET when the footprint
expanded beyond the crop field boundary. As a result, ET values remarkably matched lysimetric ET values, with a ‘mean bias
error ± root mean square error’ of −0.03 ± 0.5 mm day−1 (or −0.6 ± 10.2%). 相似文献
992.
Estimation of actual evapotranspiration for a drip-irrigated Merlot vineyard using a three-source model 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
A study was performed in order to evaluate the three-source model (Clumped model) for direct estimation of actual evapotranspiration
(ETa) and latent heat flux (LE) over a drip-irrigated Merlot vineyard trained on a vertical shoot positioned system (VSP) under
semi-arid conditions. The vineyard, with an average fractional cover of 30%, is located in the Talca Valley, Region del Maule,
Chile. The performance of the Clumped model was evaluated using an eddy covariance system during the 2006/2007 and 2007/2008
growing seasons. Results indicate that the Clumped model was able to predict ETa with a root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), and model efficiency (EF) of 0.33, −0.15 mm day−1 and 74%, respectively. Also, the Clumped model simulated the daytime variation of LE with a RMSE of 36 W m−2, MBE of −8 W m−2, and EF of 83%. Major disagreement (underestimated values) between observed and estimated values of ETa was found for clear days after rainfall or foggy days, but underestimated values were less than 10% of the data analysis.
The results obtained in this study indicate that the Clumped model could be used to directly estimate vine water requirements
for a drip-irrigated vineyard trained on a VSP. However, application of the Clumped model requires a good characterization
of the drip-irrigated vineyard architecture. 相似文献
993.
Effects of water table management on soil salinity and alfalfa yield in a semi-arid climate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hamideh Noory Abdol-Majid Liaghat Mohamad Reza Chaichi Masoud Parsinejad 《Irrigation Science》2009,27(5):401-407
A lysimeter experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water table management (WTM) on distribution of soil salinity
and annual alfalfa (Medicago scutellata) yield. Subirrigations with three levels of water table namely, 0.5 (WT0.5), 0.7 (WT0.7), and 1.0 m (WT1.0) and a free drainage
(FD) conventional irrigation treatment were selected for this study. All treatments were arranged in a complete randomized
block design with three replicates. The results of this study indicated that the average soil electrical conductivity of the
saturated extract (ECe) in the root zone gradually increased and exceeded the designated crop threshold value (4 dS/m) after
the first forage harvest in subirrigated lysimeters. A higher salt accumulation was observed at the WT0.5 treatment. The average
dry matter yield of annual alfalfa in WT0.5 and WT0.7 treatments was found to be 52 and 73% higher compared with the control
treatment, respectively. 相似文献
994.
995.
亲水胶体对竹荚鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了亲水胶体类型和添加量对竹荚鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响.通过对竹荚鱼鱼糜的质构特性、持水力和白度的测定,以及超微结构观察等结果表明,添加可得胶、罗望子胶、魔芋胶、卡拉胶、琼胶和CMC的鱼糜凝胶能形成均匀、致密的三维凝胶网络结构,因此能显著改善竹荚鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性,其中可得胶的效果最显著,其次是罗望子胶、魔芋胶、卡拉胶;添加瓜尔胶和海藻酸钠对竹荚鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性无显著影响;添加黄原胶和果胶后形成了较疏松、网孔较大的网络结构,降低了竹荚鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性. 相似文献
996.
研究了壁材类型和用量及相对湿度对微囊化的食品保鲜剂亚硫酸盐模拟释放的影响,并用Avrami's公式分析了不同相对湿度下的释放特性.结果表明:相对湿度为85%,壁芯比为1.0,壁材为乙基纤维素的微胶囊6d时SO2保留率为16.2%,其他壁材24d时SO2保留率为8.0%~13.8%;壁材用量对释放影响不显著;同种壁材,相对湿度85%时释放速率是相对湿度75%时的1.3倍,是相对湿度43%时的5.5~7.0倍.该保鲜剂用于玫瑰香葡萄保鲜时,与普通片剂及粉剂相比,药害率和腐烂率均降低60%左右,果实中SO2残留量降低了40%~50%. 相似文献
997.
热激法修饰瑞士乳杆菌的参数优化与特性研 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用不同热处理温度(67、70℃)与时间(10、15、20 s)对瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)进行热激修饰,研究处理前后与干酪加工相关的菌体特性.同时对热激修饰条件参数进行优化.研究结果表明,菌体经70℃、10 s热激处理后,菌体存活率、动态产酸能力、蛋白水解能力等指标符合热激要求,经修饰后的菌株适宜作为于酪促熟酶源.采用扫描电镜对细菌表面微观结构的观察结果表明.热激处理使菌体形态、膜表面发生明显改变,菌体表面发生萎缩、褶皱与底端溶解等变化. 相似文献
998.
基于图像旋转投影的导航路径检测算 总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2
提出一种农业车辆视觉导航路径识别算法--旋转投影算法.该算法通过角度枚举对图像ROI实施旋转变换,由旋转后图像的列均值与枚举角度构成旋转投影矩阵R,对其行向量实施差分运算得到差分旋转投影矩阵Rd,由Rd的极值可确定图像导航路径,即航向偏差θ与航位偏差d,进而可以求得世界坐标系下的导航路径参数.同理可以对田头线进行检测.为了提高算法的实时性,提出设定合理的ROI、实施线性压缩、旋转角度先粗分再细分的二步法以及充分利用前帧信息4种处理方法,使处理一帧用时6.2ms左右.通过对不同条件下成熟小麦图像测试表明,该算法识别导航路径准确率达到95%. 相似文献
999.
1000.