达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价     

郝伟罡  申军  崔丽萍  焦瑞  刘虎  刘华琳 《中国农学通报》2020,36(36):40-43

生态系统服务功能是生态系统与生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,对其服务价值进行货币化评价,可以推动自然资源可持续利用,促进区域生态环境保护。以达里诺尔湖湿地为研究对象,结合达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统的结构、特征及其生态过程特点,通过资料搜集与实地调研,运用资源经济学理论和方法,对达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值进行了划分。构建了达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价指标体系,并对其进行了价值评价。评价结果显示达里诺尔湖湿地的服务价值为93.70×10⁴万元,其中直接使用价值为2.19×10⁴万元,占比为2.36%,间接使用价值为91.51×10⁴万元,占比为97.66%。各项生态系统服务功能中以调节空气湿度价值最大,为82.76×10⁴万元,占总服务价值的88.32%。  相似文献   

Variations of SOC and MBC observed in an incubated brown loam soil managed under different tillage systems for 12 years     

Xiaosha Li  Huifang Han  Tangyuan Ning  Ying Shen  Rattal Lal 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(4):585-594

To assess changes in organic carbon pools, an incubation experiment was conducted under different temperatures and field moisture capacity (FMC) on a brown loam soil from three tillage practices used for 12 years: no‐till (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). Total microbial respiration was measured for incubated soil with and without the input of straw. Results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under ST, NT and CT was higher in soil with straw input than that without, while the microbial quotient (MQ or MBC: SOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) content under CT followed the opposite trend. Lower temperature, lower moisture and with straw input contributed to the increases in SOC concentration, especially under NT and ST systems. The SOC concentrations under ST, with temperatures of 30 and 35°C after incubation at 55% FMC, were greater than those under CT by 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively. The increase in MBC was highest at 35°C for 55%, 65% and 75% FMC; in soil under ST, MBC was greater than that under CT by 199.3%, 50.7% and 23.8%, respectively. At 30°C, the lower qCO₂ was obtained in soil incubated under NT and ST. The highest MQ among three tillage practices was measured under ST at 55% FMC, NT at 65% FMC and CT at 75% FMC with straw input. These data indicate the benefits of enhancing the MQ; the low FMC was beneficial to ST treatment. Under higher temperature and drought stress conditions, the adaptive capacity of ST and NT is better than that of CT.  相似文献   

我国滑翔伞运动损伤状况及其影响因素的流行病学调查*     

王珅  黄治官 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2014,(3):98-100

采用问卷调查、数理统计、文献资料等方法对我国滑翔伞运动损伤的情况及原因进分析。结果表明,由于滑翔伞运动本身的特点及此项运动在我国开展逐年广泛,损伤率较高,达到75%。其影响因素主要有参与者技术不够娴熟、场地因素和天气因素三方面。并根据调查结果提出预防措施。  相似文献   

水稻小粒密穗突变体sep1的遗传分析、基因定位与育种利用     

王跃星  吴昆  方云霞  陈红旗  倪深  付向东  朱旭东 《中国水稻科学》2014,28(3):229-234

  相似文献   

我国生猪价值链各环节生物安全水平调查     

杨宏琳  刘俐君  弋英  王幼明  张毅  李印  沈朝建 《中国动物检疫》2020,37(6):30-34

为分析我国生猪养殖、流通和屠宰等环节的生物安全水平,提升非洲猪瘟防控工作的针对性、科学性,采用问卷调查和现场调查相结合的方式,对湖南、河南、重庆、辽宁、安徽等5个省(直辖市)15个县(市、区)的196个生猪养殖场(户)、69个生猪经纪人和19个屠宰场进行调查。结果显示:截至2019年9月,调查县(市、区)养猪场(户)数较2017年减少了50%～80%;生猪饲养模式以自繁自养为主,小规模场生物安全措施实施率较低;生猪经纪人行为复杂,如经纪对象多样、活动范围广、兼营其他相关业务、同批次收购不同养殖场(户)生猪等,仍有47.8%的经纪人称还会进圈挑选猪;73.7%的屠宰场运猪车辆没有有效执行离场清洗消毒措施。结果表明,我国生猪价值链各环节的生物安全水平仍有较大上升空间。提议继续推进规范化养殖场建设,加强生猪经纪人管理,加强生猪运输车辆的清洗消毒,促进生猪产业一体化发展。  相似文献   

上海市规模化奶牛场布鲁氏菌病和牛结核病风险评估分级体系研究     

卢军  夏炉明  吴秀娟  王建  黄忠  沈素芳  杨显超  杨德全  赵洪进 《中国动物检疫》2020,37(2):3-9

为尽快实现上海崇明奶牛布鲁氏菌病和牛结核病(以下简称"两病")区域净化示范区净化目标,通过建立奶牛场"两病"输入性风险评估和内部风险评估模型,结合奶牛场"两病"流行史,构建了上海市规模化奶牛场"两病"风险评估分级体系;应用该体系将奶牛场划分为高、中、低风险场,为实施分类管理策略奠定基础。运用该体系,对上海市崇明区奶牛场每年开展1次"两病"风险评估分级。经过连续3年的风险分级与管理,崇明区奶牛场的"两病"净化效率得到极大提高,并使崇明奶牛"两病"区域净化示范区顺利通过国家验收,表明该体系符合上海市奶牛"两病"净化工作实际。  相似文献   

Development and Application of Cotton InDel Markers Based on High Throughput Sequencing     

Lu Haiyan  Chen Lu  Wang Xiansheng  Zhao Han  Shen Qi 《棉花学报》2019,31(4):297-306

[Objective] Dimorphic InDel markers can be used for cotton variety identification and purity detection, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cotton seed testing, and to play a role in molecular breeding of cotton. [Method] Based on the whole genome sequencing of 121 cotton varieties from different sources, the InDel markers with high polymorphism were developed according to polymorphism information content(PIC) and were applied in the genetic distance analysis and cluster analysis by using 66 cotton varieties in China. [Result] Totally 10 967 InDel were identified based on the next generation sequencing data of 121 cotton varieties. Among the 85 pairs of InDel primers synthesized, 64 were selected including 35 from At group and 29 from Dt group. The minimum average allelic frequency(MAF) of At and Dt chromosomes were 0.45 and 0.32, respectively, while the PIC were 0.49 and 0.40, respectively. The genetic distances of the 66 cotton varieties ranged from 0.04 to 0.65 centimorgan (cM), with an average of 0.39 cM. The two varieties with the largest genetic distance were Simian 3 and CCRI 36, and the two varieties with the smallest genetic distance were Xumian 18 and Xuza 3. [Conclusion] The 64 cotton dimorphic InDel markers can effectively reveal the relationships among varieties based on the genetic distance, and distinguish cotton varieties from different sources, which has certain theoretical significance and application value.  相似文献   

陆地棉ZF-HD蛋白的全基因组分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

倪万潮  徐珍珍  沈新莲 《棉花学报》2016,28(6):519-526

ZF-HD(Zinc finger-homeodomain)蛋白属于同源异型盒蛋白家族,在动植物发育过程中起重要的作用。利用生物信息学的手段,研究陆地棉标准系TM-1基因组中ZF-HD蛋白的数目、亚细胞定位、染色体分布、基序、进化关系和组织表达情况。TM-1中共有35个Gh ZHD蛋白成员,且大部分成员定位到细胞核内;分布在20条染色体和2条Scaffold上,且具有11对直系同源基因;进化树分析表明,TM-1基因组中的ZF-HD蛋白大致分为6个小组,每个小组成员间具有类似的基序类型和排列顺序;大部分Gh ZHD基因在胚珠和纤维组织中表达,还有部分基因在根、茎、花、蕾和分生区中表达,在叶和愈伤组织中表达的基因最少。  相似文献   

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)     

Mingshi Li  Chengquan Huang  Wenjuan Shen  Xinyu Ren  Yingying Lv  Jingrui Wang  Zhiliang Zhu 《林业研究》2016,27(6):1329-1341

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.  相似文献   

含羟基的2-取代萘醌类衍生物对肝癌细胞Hep3B的抑制作用     

刘仁  蒋雪园  吴丹丹  金成浩  申贵男 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2017,29(4)

萘醌类化合物普遍被报道具备较好的抗肿瘤能力。以1,5-二羟基萘为原料,经五步反应得到了4个末端含有羟基的萘醌类衍生物(6a-d)和1个未含羟基的萘醌类衍生物(6e),并通过质谱和1H NMR进行结构鉴定,采用MTT法评价了5种化合物对人肝癌细胞Hep3B细胞系的生长抑制作用。结果显示取代基末端含羟基的萘醌类衍生物的抗肿瘤活性与碳链长度有密切关系。研究中的6 d对肿癌细胞Hep3B抑制活性最强,IC50为9.1μmol·m L~(-1)。  相似文献