防护林带和封育对沙化草场土壤理化性质的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

樊华  杨志国  丛志军  孙保平  李素云 《中国水土保持科学》2007,5(6):43-46

 通过对河北省张家口市黄羊滩防护林带内封育草场和防护林带外未封育保护沙化草场的理化性质对比,分析封育和防护林带对沙化草场土壤理化性质影响。结果表明,封育和防护林带可以显著地改善沙化草场土壤机械组成,提高土壤养分含量,其中细沙、粗粉沙和物理黏粒的平均百分含量较未封育沙化草场分别增加了4.26%、10.20%和12.08%,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的平均含量总体提高了203.65%。研究成果为采用植被建设措施改良沙化草场提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

长江三峡花岗岩区林地优先流影响因子分析     

程金花  张洪江  史玉虎  何凡  祁生林  孙艳红 《水土保持学报》2006,20(5):28-33

为了研究三峡地区花岗岩林地优先流影响因子，在长江三峡地区曲溪小流域内选定的实验坡面下部，垂直开挖了一个长度为2．9m、深度为2．60m的土壤剖面。在降雨过程中观察优先流过程，分析降雨对优先流的影响。同时对该地区的土壤物理性质和土壤渗透特性进行了测定，分析其对优先流的影响。分析结果表明，影响长江三峡花岗岩区优先流产流的降雨量在26mm（24h降雨量）以上。长江三峡库区的降雨可分为递减降雨型、均匀降雨型、突发降雨型及峰值降雨型4种类型，不同降雨类型对应的优先流过程都表现出相应的降雨过程特征。不同降雨类型的优先流出现时间也各有差异，峰值降雨型降雨产生的优先流出现时间最早，其次是突发降雨型、递减降雨型、均匀降雨型。当一场降雨中的最大降雨强度〉0．075mm／min时，就有可能产生优先流。非毛管孔隙比例较大的土壤中容易形成优先流。研究区林下土壤中粗颗粒含量呈现出由上层至下层逐渐增多的趋势。对于较深层次土壤来说，它们含有的较粗颗粒有利于优先流的形成。优先流的存在使距地表83～110cm土层中土壤稳渗速率较其他土层得以大幅度提高，土层内快速运动的水流又加速了优先流的形成与发展。  相似文献   

Turnover of interlayer ammonium in loess-derived soil grown with winter wheat in the Shaanxi Province of China     

C. Li  X. Fan  K. Mengel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(3):211-214

Summary The turnover of interlayer NH _inf4 ^sup+ in a loess-derived agricultural soil from the Shaanxi Province in China was studied. The concentration of ¹⁵N-labeled interlayer NH _inf4 ^sup+ and total interlayer NH _inf4 ^sup+ (labeled + unlabeled) in a soil grown with winter wheat was significantly higher at the beginning of the season (March) than when the crop was mature (June). In a further experiment with winter wheat it was shown that under field conditions the concentration of interlayer NH _inf4 ^sup+ decreased significantly in the two upper soil layers (0–20 and 20–55 cm) during March and in the deeper soil layer (55–75 cm) during April. When the heading stage of wheat was reached, about 200 kg N ha^-1 of interlayer NH _inf4 ^sup+ had been released. During the following growth period (heading until flowering of wheat) the concentration of interlayer NH _inf4 ^sup+ increased significantly in the upper soil layers. Fertilizer application in the form of 70 kg N ha^-1 as urea led to a considerable increase in the nitrate concentration in the upper soil layer but had no influence on the level of interlayer NH _inf4 ^sup+ concentration. It is concluded that interlayer NH _inf4 ^sup+ takes part in the N cycle of the soil and that it contributes to the N nutrition of the crop. NH _inf4 ^sup+ originating from the mineralization of soil organic N may be rapidly incorporated into the interlayer of clay minerals and later released, when the N demand of the crop is high.  相似文献   

中国农村厕所改造及粪污处理标准体系研究   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

张辉  赵立欣  孟海波  沈玉君  丁京涛  王惠惠  周海宾  范盛远 《农业工程学报》2020,36(23):209-214

农村无害化卫生厕所改造可以有效地减少农村地区粪-口传播疾病的发病率，保障人民群众身体健康和生活品质。2018年以来，农业农村部会同有关部门积极行动，大力推进农村厕所革命，取得了积极成效。然而，一些地方农村厕所"建不好、用不好、不好用"等情况仍有发生，究其根源，农村厕所改造及粪污处理标准规范缺失是重要原因。农村厕所改造及粪污处理标准体系是科学指导农村改厕和粪污资源化利用、规范行业进步和产业发展的重要手段。该研究从基础、通用、专用标准3个层次，系统梳理了中国农村厕所改造及粪污处理现行国家和行业标准，分析了存在的问题，明确了标准体系构建原则和目标，研究构建了标准体系结构和框架，提出了标准体系重点内容和制修订建议，以期为推动中国农村厕所革命提供支撑。  相似文献   

葡聚六糖诱导后黄瓜叶片几种酶的活性变化动态     

范海延  李宝聚  曲波 《农业工程学报》2005,21(14):238-239

该文以葡聚六糖为试材，研究了葡聚六糖叶面喷施诱导后黄瓜幼苗叶片5种酶的活性变化状态，研究结果表明：葡聚六糖诱导的黄瓜幼苗叶片中几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶活性明显增加，而抗坏血酸氧化物酶活性呈下降趋势，这些酶活性的变化可能与葡聚六糖诱导黄瓜幼苗的抗病机制相关。  相似文献   

游憩活动对泰山风景名胜区环境冲击的调查评估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

范勇  陈东田  王华田 《中国水土保持科学》2007,5(3):72-78

 以泰山风景名胜区为对象,研究游憩活动对泰山植被、土壤、水体的影响以及游客对环境改变的可接受程度。研究表明:游憩活动对植被、土壤和水体的冲击程度均为南天门景点>扇子崖景点>天烛峰景点>桃花峪景点;游客对环境改变的可接受程度依次为桃花峪景点>天烛峰景点>扇子崖景点>南天门景点。方差分析显示,4个景点受游憩活动冲击存在显著差异;相关性分析显示,游人数量与植被、土壤、水体受到的冲击程度均呈正相关性,其中,植被和土壤是两个最主要的受冲击对象,且植被与土壤间存在显著相关关系。对泰山风景名胜区进行游憩活动环境冲击的调查评估,有利于促进泰山风景名胜区的可持续发展。  相似文献   

Expression of the Truncated vip3A Gene at the 3'-terminus from Bacillus thuringiensis in Escherichia coli     

师永霞  徐炜  袁美妗  孙钒  庞义 《农业生物技术学报》2006,14(4):594-599

将苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)缺失C端154个氨基酸编码区的vip3A基因(vip3T)插入原核表达载体pQE30，构建了重组表达载体pQEvip3T，并转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli ) M15进行IPTG诱导表达，比较了完整的Vip3A蛋白和C端缺失的蛋白Vip3T的可溶性和杀虫活性。与Vip3A不同，融合蛋白Vip3T以不可溶的包含体形式存在，诱导表达的菌液中没有检测到可溶性Vip3T蛋白。生物测定结果表明，M15(pOTP)诱导表达的Vip3A蛋白对初孵斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litua)和甜菜夜蛾(S. exigua)幼虫具有较高的杀虫活性，其提纯的包含体无毒，但包含体的碱性裂解液却又恢复了对夜蛾科害虫的活性；M15(pQEvip3T)菌液、包含体及其碱性裂解液对这两种昆虫幼虫则完全无毒，说明在大肠杆菌中，Vip3A蛋白C端氨基酸可能对Vip3A蛋白的可溶性和杀虫活性具有重要的影响。  相似文献   

Interactive responses of gala apple fruit volatile production to controlled atmosphere storage and chemical inhibition of ethylene action   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mattheis JP  Fan X  Argenta LC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(11):4510-4516

Gala apples exposed to the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h at 20 degrees C were stored at 1 degrees C in air or a controlled atmosphere (CA) maintained at 1 kPa O2 and 2 kPa CO2. Volatile compounds were measured after 4, 12, 20, and 28 weeks plus 1 or 7 days at 20 degrees C. Treatment with 1-MCP and then storage in air or CA or storage in CA without 1-MCP treatment reduced volatile production as compared to apples not treated with 1-MCP stored in air. The reduced production of esters, alcohols, aldehydes, acetic acid, and 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene was observed. Ester production by fruit stored in CA decreased throughout the storage period regardless of previous 1-MCP treatment. The production of esters, alcohols, aldehydes, acetic acid, and 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene by 1-MCP-treated fruit stored in air plus 7 days at 20 degrees C increased after 20 or 28 weeks of storage. Continuous exposure to 417 micromol m(-3) ethylene for 7 days at 20 degrees C after 12 or 28 weeks of storage stimulated production of many volatile compounds, primarily esters and alcohols, by fruit stored in CA or 1-MCP-treated apples stored in air. However, exposure to ethylene had no effect on the production of aldehydes or acetic acid.  相似文献   

Characterization of antioxidants present in bitter tea (Ligustrum pedunculare)     

Chen ZY  Wong IY  Leung MW  He ZD  Huang Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(26):7530-7535

The present study examined the antioxidants present in bitter tea (Ligustrum pedunculare). It was found that the crude glycoside fraction strongly protected human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation. Further column chromatography led to purification of eight phenylethanoid or monoterpene glycosides: lipedoside A-I, lipedoside A-II, lipedoside B-I, lipedoside B-III, lipedoside B-V, lipedoside B-VI, osmanthuside B, and anatolioside. It was found that lipedoside A-I, lipedoside A-II, lipedoside B-V, and lipedoside B-VI were protective, whereas the other four compounds did not protect human LDL from Cu(2+)-medicated oxidation. Lipedoside A-I, lipedoside A-II, lipedoside B-V, and lipedoside B-VI also had a scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), comparable to that of alpha-tocopherol. The inhibitory effect of these four phenylethanoid or monoterpene glycosides on oxidation of human LDL and alpha-tocopherol was dose-dependent at concentrations of 5-40 microM. The present results demonstrate that bitter tea as a beverage contains effective antioxidants that may have benefits similar to those of green tea in terms of antioxidant activity.  相似文献   

A novel heavy metal chelating agent sixthio guanidine acid for in situ remediation of soils contaminated with multielements: its synthesis,solidification, biodegradability,and leachability     

Feng-He Wang  Bin Zhao  Fan Zhang  Jay Gao  Hao-Tian Hao  Shengtian Zhang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(2):371-381

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