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271.
Genta ITO Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Yudai KURODA Park EUNSIL Ken MAEDA Takehisa SOMA Yasuyuki MOMOI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1722
We investigated the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among dogs in the Tokyo area via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the spike protein as the target antigen. Plasma samples from 494 household dogs and blood-donor dogs were tested from July 2020 to January 2021. Of these samples, three showed optical densities that were higher than the mean plus two standard deviations of the mean of the negative-control optical densities (ODs). Of these three samples, only the sample with the highest OD by ELISA was confirmed positive by virus neutralization testing. The positive dog presented no SARS-CoV-2-related symptoms. The positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among dogs in the Tokyo area was approximately 0.2%. 相似文献
272.
Faruq Ahmed Yasuyuki Koike Carlos Augusto Strüssmann Izumi Yamasaki Masashi Yokota & Seiichi Watanabe 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(5):532-541
Hybridization among abalone species has been suggested as a possible means to increase their growth rates for aquaculture. As a first step to test the usefulness of the hybrids of Japanese abalone species (Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis gigantea and Haliotis madaka) for aquaculture, we characterized the genetic background and gonad development of hybrids that were produced by artificial insemination. The hybrid status of the resulting offspring was confirmed by assaying 14 allozymes and by RFLP analysis of the 16s rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) regions of mtDNA using 13 restriction enzymes. Histological examination of the gonads of the hybrids was conducted in comparison with those of the parental species. Cross‐breeding among the three species was conducted successfully in all combinations although with lower fertilization rates (means of 1.3–60.8%) than the parental species (34.3–90%). Crosses between H. discus discus and H. madaka had higher fertilization rates (22.4–60.8%) than those involving H. gigantea (1.3–19.9%). The hybrids were ascertained by the presence of both parental genotypes at the LDH‐A, ME‐A, MDH‐A and GPI loci. The maternal origin of the hybrid mtDNA was confirmed by digestion with DdeI, TaqI, HpaII of the COI region. No polymorphism was observed in the 16S rRNA region. The hybrids had gonadal development and maturity stages similar to the parental species up to fully mature oocytes and sperm. They spawned upon stimulation and produced viable offspring with high fertilization rates and successful development to the juvenile stage in back‐ and homologous hybrid crosses. 相似文献
273.
274.
275.
Osteochondrosis developed from the early growing process of articular cartilage at the caudal-central region of the medial femoral condyle in rats. Articular cartilage was thick at the region. Mineralization of the matrix in the thick deep zone was incomplete and major parts remained unmineralized. Cavity formation in the mineralized matrix resulting in osteochondrotic lesions was present in the deep zone at 6 weeks of age and was followed by an appearance of viable chondrocytes around it. Osteochondrotic lesions were present from the age of 10 weeks for females and 12 weeks for males. Cavities were expanded and increased in number, and eosinophilic necrotic foci were additionally seen. These changes were extended throughout the deep zone, and viable chondrocytes were also increased in number. The thick deep zone was retained and had no detectable invasions of blood vessels from the subchondral bone. At 20 weeks of age, necrotic areas containing large clefts were present in the basal layer of the thick deep zone and fibrotic lesions were seen beneath them. In normal cases, invasions of blood vessels were seen in the basal layer of the deep zone and also in the cavities of the cartilage; the deep zone was markedly thinned at 20 weeks of age. 相似文献
276.
Md. Tofazzal Islam Mitsuyoshi Sakasai Yasuyuki Hashidoko Abhinandan Deora Yasuko Sakihama Satoshi Tahara 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(5):324-329
A modified medium was used to culture mycelium and produce a large quantity of zoospores of Aphanomyces cochlioides, a principal pathogen of damping-off disease of sugar beet and root rot disease of spinach. The semisolid medium consisted
of 17 g corn meal agar (CMA) added with 4 g of yeast extract (YE) per liter of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8–7.0). This medium
supported the production of ca. 106 zoospores ml−1 in 6-day-old cultures, approximately 11-fold higher than the commonly used CMA (17 g CMA per liter of water, pH 6.0 ± 0.2).
Although morphological characters of the zoospores produced from the hyphae grown on CMA and CMA + YE were almost similar,
they contrasted their developmental strategy after encystment induced by mechanical agitation. Cystospores originating from
the zoospores on CMA regenerated zoospores (>80%), while those from CMA + YE germinated (ca. 80%) and produced hyphae. Furthermore,
4–10% of the germinated cystospores on CMA + YE had double germ tubes. The soluble protein profiles of zoospores produced
on CMA and on CMA + YE demonstrated that several proteins were either different or expressed differently. Our results suggest
that the culture medium directly influences zoosporogenesis in A. cochlioides hyphae and the developmental strategy of the produced zoospores. 相似文献
277.
Delwar M. Hossain Yasuyuki Shitomi Toshiaki Mitsui Hidetaka Hori 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,87(1):30-38
We analyzed the binding of the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, CrylAa, CrylAb and CrylAc, to midgut tissue of the silkworm, Bombyx mori with ligand blot analysis and histochemical observations. CrylAa, CrylAb and CrylAc bound to unique sets of proteins in various subcellular fractions prepared by centrifugation. CrylAa bound to various proteins in all subcellular fractions, whereas CrylAb bound to a single protein of ∼180 kDa in all fractions as shown by Western blot analysis. Cry1Ac bound to proteins which were primarily ∼100-120 kDa in all fractions. CrylA toxins were labeled with fluorescent dye and Cy3-labeled CrylAa, CrylAb and CrylAc were shown to localize primarily to the apical membrane region. However, they also localized to basement or basolateral membranes. The distribution of a 252-kDa membrane protein (P252) of the B. mori midgut, which was recently identified as a plausible candidate for receptor of CrylA toxins were also examined with histochemical methods. Substantial signals of FITC-labeled antibody against P252, even though not all, were evident in the apical cells, and these were coincident with Cy3-CrylAa and Cy3-CrylAc signals. 相似文献
278.
Eight major policies were implemented by Japanese Government since Oct. 2001, to deal with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). These are; 1) Surveillance in farm by veterinarian, 2) Prion test at healthy 1.3mi cows/yr, by veterinarian, 3) Elimination of specified risk material (SRM), 4) Ban of MBM for production, sale use, 5) Prion test for fallen stocks, 6) Transparent information and traceability, 7) New Measures such as Food Safety Basic Law, and 8) Establish of Food Safety Commission in the Cabinet Office. At this moment, the extent of SRM risk has only been indicated by several reports employing tests with a limited sensitivity. There is still a possibility that the items in the SRM list will increase in the future, and this indiscriminately applies to Japanese cattle as well. Although current practices of SRM elimination partially guarantee total food safety, additional latent problems and imminent issues remain as potential headaches to be addressed. If the index of SRM elimination cannot guarantee reliable food safety, we have but to resort to total elimination of tissues from high risk-bearing and BSE-infected animals. However, current BSE tests have their limitations and can not yet completely detect high-risk and/or infected animals. Under such circumstances, tissues/wastes and remains of diseased, affected fallen stocks and cohort animals have to be eliminated to prevent BSE invading the human food chain systems. The failure to detect any cohort should never be allowed to occur, and with regular and persistent updating of available stringent records, we are at least adopting the correct and useful approach as a reawakening strategy to securing food safety. In this perspective, traceability based on a National Identification System is required. 相似文献
279.
The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Potato virus X Strain OS: The First Complete Sequence of a Japanese Isolate 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Satoshi KAGIWADA Yasuyuki YAMAJI Hitomi NAKABAYASHI Masashi UGAKI Shigetou NAMBA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):94-98
The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of a Japanese isolate of Potato virus X (PVX), strain OS (PVX-OS), was determined. The PVX-OS genome is 6435 nucleotides in length, excluding the 3′ poly(A) sequence,
and encodes for five open reading frames (ORFs), similar to other reported PVX strains. Comparisons of the nucleotide sequence
of PVX-OS with those of European and South American PVX strains revealed that the PVX-OS genomic sequence showed 95-96% homology
with European strains and 77-78% with South American strains. Phylogenetic analysis of PVX-OS and other PVX strains found
that PVX-OS clusters with European strains. This is the first report on the complete nucleotide sequence of a PVX strain from
Japan.
Received 10 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 26 October 2001 相似文献
280.
Yabuzoe A Nishifuji K Sekiguchi M Shimizu A Momoi Y Ishiko A Iwasaki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(8):807-812
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease that affects certain mammals including dogs. In canine PF, neutrophils are infiltrated intensely into pustular lesions including acantholytic cells, although neutrophilic infiltration is not characterized in human PF. The roles of the neutrophils in the cutaneous lesions of canine PF have not yet been understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize the ultrastructural features underlying the acantholysis with pustule formation in canine PF. Four dogs diagnosed as PF on the basis of clinical signs, histopathological findings, and direct and indirect immunofluorescence examinations were performed. Electron microscopy revealed that the acantholytic cells were adjacent to multiple neutrophils in the pustules. At the contact points between neutrophils and acantholytic keratinocytes, half-desmosomes of acantholytic keratinocytes with intact attachment plaques were observed within invaginations of neutrophils. Furthermore, on the surface of acantholytic cells in the pustules, neutrophil granules seemed to be secreted to the surface of acantholytic cells and to degenerate the half-desmosome structures. Neutrophils were also observed within the epidermis adjacent to the pustule. At the intercellular gap between two dissociated keratinocytes, neutrophils inserted its pseudopodia into the gap between the two half-desmosomes of keratinocytes. These findings taken together suggested that, at least in the areas where we analyzed ultrastructurally, neutrophils contact desmosomal structures and seem to play some parts in separation of keratinocytes and degeneration of split-desmosomes in pustules of dogs with PF. 相似文献