Valdensia leaf blight of highbush blueberry caused by Valdensinia heterodoxa, a new fungal disease in Japan     

Syuuichi Nekoduka  Satoko Kanematsu  Kazuaki Tanaka  Yukio Harada  Teruo Sano 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(3):151-159

In July 2003, a new disease occurred on leaves of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbossum L.) in Iwate, Japan. Leaves initially had brownish spots, which subsequently developed into large lesions with concentric rings, resulting in premature defoliation. Teardrop-shaped conidia infecting leaves were visible by the naked eye as small protuberances in the center of lesions. Star-shaped conidia were sporadically produced on large lesions. The causal fungus was identified as Valdensinia heterodoxa, based on cultural, morphological and genetic studies. Inoculation tests showed that the fungus reproduced lesions on detached young leaves of highbush blueberry. A field survey in 2009 indicated that symptoms initially appeared on the lower leaves of basal shoots in late May, and the disease rapidly progressed on leaves of basal shoots, eventually spreading to lateral shoots from late June to late July. Removal of all basal shoots in late June significantly reduced disease incidence on lateral shoots in late July.  相似文献   

In vitro effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on canine neutrophil apoptosis     

Oguma K  Sano J  Kano R  Watari T  Moritomo T  Hasegawa A 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,108(3-4):307-314

Apoptosis is essential in eliminating neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes: PMNs) in animals. The suppression of PMN apoptosis is believed to be beneficial in eradicating pathogens and is implicated in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory diseases. In the present study, canine PMNs were stimulated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) to investigate the in vitro effect on the apoptosis of canine PMNs. Apoptotic cell rates were assessed by flow cytometry in relation to the ability of PMNs to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Canine PMN apoptosis was markedly suppressed by rhG-CSF treatment, in association with the retention of the PMN ability to produce ROS. The addition of cycloheximide abolished this suppression by rhG-CSF. Moreover, canine PMNs, which were stimulated by rhG-CSF, expressed high levels of anti-apoptotic mcl-1 gene mRNA, as quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The results suggest that PMNs, stimulated by G-CSF, could work effectively over a longer period to eliminate pathogens, and that the prolongation of the PMN life-span might occasionally aggravate tissue injuries in dogs. In addition, the suppression of PMN apoptosis seems to be mediated by the induction of anti-apoptotic mcl-1 gene expression.  相似文献   

Cloning of canine toll-like receptor 9 and its expression in dog tissues     

Hashimoto M  Asahina Y  Sano J  Kano R  Moritomo T  Hasegawa A 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,106(1-2):159-163

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Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the second-generation schizonts of Leucocytozoon caulleryi     

Gotanda T  Doi M  Eiguchi Y  Tanaka Y  Kobayashi S  Fujisaki Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(3):281-283

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), R1 and M5, were established against the second-generation schizont of Leucocytozoon caulleryi (L. caulleryi). Both antibodies reacted to membrane and internal structure proteins of the second-generation schizont by immunofluorescence microscopy. Molecular weight of the second-generation schizont (2GS) antigen was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. At least 40 protein bands were detected in 2GS antigen by SDS-PAGE under reduced condition and ranged from 10 to 270 kDa. MAb R1 reacted to polypeptides of 150-268 kDa in 2GS antigen, whereas MAb M5 did with that of 66 kDa. Injection with a protein of 2GS antigen fractionated by affinity chromatography using MAbs R1 and M5 protected chickens against challenge with sporozoites of L. caulleryi. These results suggest that MAbs, R1 and M5, recognize 2GS antigen of L caulleryi.  相似文献   

Detection and identification of the Candida species by 25S ribosomal DNA analysis in the urine of candidal cystitis     

Kano R  Hattori Y  Okuzumi K  Miyazaki Y  Yamauchi R  Koie H  Watari T  Hasegawa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(2):115-117

Candida species in clinical urine samples were identified directly by the newly developed method of PCR analysis on 25S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Two dogs were referred to the Animal Medical Center, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan for the examination of chronic cystitis. Microscopic examination of urine samples from these dogs revealed yeast cells. Urine culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar at 27 degrees C for 5 days produced white to cream colored colonies. The isolates were identifical to Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis by mycological examination, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of 25S ribosomal DNA from these urine isolates showed 99% similarity to those of a reference strain of Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis. The nucleotide sequences of 25S rDNA obtained directly from urine samples were also identical to C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, respectively. Confirming the results on the isolates cultured from the same urine samples. This PCR analysis method could be available for the direct identification of Candida species in urine samples within 2 days.  相似文献   

Artificial insemination with canine spermatozoa frozen in a skim milk/glucose-based extender     

Abe Y  Lee DS  Sano H  Akiyama K  Yanagimoto-Ueta Y  Asano T  Suwa Y  Suzuki H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(4):290-294

Due to the recent outbreak of avian influenza, transportation of frozen canine semen with egg yolk has been sharply restricted. Thus, there is urgent need to develop a novel egg yolk-free extender for freezing canine spermatozoa. In the present study, the effect of using skim milk/glucose (SG)-based extender without egg yolk on the motility and fertilizing capacity of canine spermatozoa frozen-thawed in the presence of glycerol was examined. There was a tendency for the proportion of motile spermatozoa exposed to SG-based extender for 3 h to be higher than that exposed for 1 h, but the difference was not significant. The motility and other viability parameters of canine spermatozoa after thawing were similar to those obtained with an egg yolk-based extender. When spermatozoa frozen with SG-based extender containing glycerol after 3 h exposure were transcervically inseminated into 2 recipient bitches, a total of 6 pups were obtained. These results suggest that a simple extender composed of skim milk, glucose and glycerol is useful for cryopreservation of canine spermatozoa, which may contribute to improved exchange of genetic material and efficient production of companion and working dogs, such as guide dogs for the blind.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical distribution of inwardly rectifying K+ channels in the medulla oblongata of the rat     

Yamamoto Y  Ishikawa R  Omoe K  Yoshikawa N  Yamaguchi-Yamada M  Taniguchi K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(3):265-271

The inwardly rectifying K+ channels, Kir1.1, Kir2.3 and Kir4.1-Kir5.1, are the candidate chemosensory molecules for CO2/H+. We determined the mRNA expression and immunohistochemical localization of these channels in the medulla oblongata of the rat. RT-PCR analysis revealed mRNAs of Kir1.1, Kir2.3, Kir4.1 and Kir5.1 were detected in the medulla. The immunoreactivities for Kir1.1, Kir2.3, Kir4.1, and Kir5.1 were observed in the medulla, and immunolabeling pattern was varied by the subunit. Immunoreactivities for Kir1.1 and Kir2.3 were observed in the nerve cell bodies and glial cells both in the chemosensory areas [nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), nucleus raphe obscurus (RO), pre-B?tzinger complex (PreB?tC)] and non-chemosensory area [hypoglossal nucleus (XII), inferior olive nucleus (IO)]. Kir4.1 immunoreactivity was observed in the glial cells and neuropil, especially in XII and IO. Kir5.1 immunoreactivity was observed in the nerve cell bodies in the XII, RO, and PreB?tC, but not in the NTS or IO. In the NTS, a dense network of varicose nerve fibers showed immunoreactivity for Kir5.1. Our findings suggest that Kir channels may not act specific to the central chemoreception, but regulate the ionic properties of cellular membranes in various neurons and glial cells.  相似文献   

Repeatability and minimum harvest period of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Southern Bahia     

Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias  Paulo Yoshio Kageyama 《Euphytica》1998,102(1):29-35

Classically, selection for superior genotypes in cacao has been based on the successive harvest records across a number of years. Little information on the minimum duration of these harvest periods is available in the literature. The repeatability coefficient (ρ) was used to estimate this period. Twenty five cacao genotypes were assayed in a randomized block design with four replications and 16-plant plots. The following yield components were studied: number of healthy fruits per plant, number of collected fruits per plant, weight of humid seeds per plant and per fruit, and percentage of diseased fruits per plant, over 5 years (1986–90). Repeatability estimates were higher than 0.84 for all components, except percentage of diseased fruits per plant (^ρ - 0.41). With such estimates, it is possible to select genotypes on the basis of only two years of successive harvests, with a determination coefficient of 90%. The advantages of applying the repeatability coefficient to the cacao breeding program are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Investigation of change in tangential strain on the inner bark of the stem and root ofBetula platyphylla var.japonica andAcer mono during sap season     

Masato Yoshida  Osamu Yamamoto  Takashi Okuyama  Yutaka Tamai  Yuzou Sano  Minoru Terazawa 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(5):361-367

Although it is well known that sap exudation during early spring in temperate deciduous trees occurs in response to daytime warming and nighttime cooling, the mechanisms of the process are not yet fully understood. Previous theories suggested that changes in stress in the wood caused by daytime heating and nighttime cooling might be linked with sap flow. Consequently, a study of itaya-kaede maple (Aver mono) and shirakamba birch (Betula platyphylla var.japonica) looked at tangential strains. One-hour intervals for 3 years of the tangential strains on the inner bark of stem and root were measured in itaya-kaede maple and shirakamba birch during the sap exudation season. The measurements indicated different mechanisms of sap exudation in these two trees. During the sap exudation season in late March, when the temperature fluctuated around 0°C, the tangential strain in the root of itaya-kaede maple showed expansion in the daytime and contraction at night. Conversely, in early April the tangential strain in the root of shirakamba birch exhibited contraction in the daytime and expansion at night. The changes in tangential strains in itaya-kaede maple were attributed to conditioning, a known concept used to explain the uptake mechanism of soil water in maple and its exudation during early spring. However, because the change in tangential strain in the roots of shirakamba birch was similar to that found during the rampant season, sap exudation was not attributed to conditioning but to the plentiful supply of water from the roots. The implications of these mechanisms are that different sap harvesting techniques may be appropriate for different tree species.  相似文献   

Reduction of ferric chelate caused by various wood-rot fungi     

Hirofumi Hirai  Ryuichiro Kondo  Kokki Sakai  Yoshio Watanabe  Ryuichiro Kurane 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(3):262-265

The reduction of ferric chelate caused by various wood-rot fungi was analyzed. Ferric chelate reductive activity was detected in cell-free extracts of seven wood-rot fungi:Phanerochaete chrysosporium, P. sordida YK-624,Ganoderma sp. YK-505,Coriolus versicolor, Bjerkandera adusta, Tyromyces palustris, andGloeophyllum trabeum. These fungi produced NADPH- or NADH-dependent ferric chelate reductive enzymes (or both) of different molecular weight. In the liquid culture ofP. sordida YK-624 andC. versicolor, a positive correlation was observed between extracellular MnP activity and intracellular NADPH-dependent ferric chelate reductive activity.  相似文献