Efficacy of injectable doramectin in the therapy and control of Dermatobia hominis infestations in Latin America     

R. A. Muniz  R. Cerqueira-Leite  A. Coronado  O. Soraci  O. Umehara  J. Moreno  J. Errecalde 《Veterinary parasitology》1995,60(3-4):265-271

Three studies were conducted in Latin America, one in Brazil, one in Venezuela and one in Argentina, using a common protocol to investigate the efficacy of a single subcutaneous injection of doramectin at 200 μg kg⁻¹ (1 ml per 50 kg) for the treatment and control of Dermatobia hominis infestations in cattle raised under commercial conditions. In each study, two groups of 20 animals each were allocated on the basis of D. hominis nodules present 24 h before treatment to a treated group (T1), or to a control group (T2) which received saline solution at 1 ml per 50 kg of live weight. All cattle were injected in the mid-dorsal cervical region and examined on treatment day and 2, 7, 15 and 30 days post-treatment (p.t.). At each observation day the number of D. hominis nodules was counted and the viability of the larvae inside them was assessed and recorded. Treatment with doramectin was 100% effective in eliminating D. hominis larvae and in controlling the re-establishment of the parasite under field conditions of continuous reinfestation. During the first 48 h p.t., dead larvae of different ages were found outside or partially outside the nodules in animals of the doramectin groups. After 48 h p.t., no live larvae were found inside existing nodules, nor did new nodules develop in animals of the doramectin groups in any of the three studies. When compared with nodule counts in the control group on the same observation day or with parasite burdens on the same animal before treatment, doramectin-treated animals began to eliminate parasitic nodules at 48 h p.t. Efficacy reached 100% at 7 days p.t. and remained at 100% on subsequent observation days (P<0.05). None of the doramectin-treated animals exhibited any clinical signs of adverse reaction to medication.  相似文献   

ARDRA and RAPD analyses of human and animal isolates of Streptococcus gallolyticus     

Sasaki E  Osawa R  Nishitani Y  Whiley RA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(11):1467-1470

A total of 23 Streptococcus gallolyticus strains, consisting of 12 strains from feces of healthy animals and 11 from clinical cases of human or cow mastitis milk, were examined genealogically. Four strains of S. bovis "biotype II/1" and 3 strains of S. equinus, the closely related organisms to S. gallolyticus, were also analyzed for outgroup comparison. Neither the amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) nor the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis that had been designed to recognize S. gallolyticus strains virulent in pigeons could differentiate clinical strains from the others of S. gallolyticus. No correspondence between the DNA profile in either analysis and the host animal species was detected.  相似文献   

Detection of Lawsonia intracellularis using immunomagnetic beads and ATP bioluminescence     

Watarai M  Yamato Y  Murakata K  Kim S  Omata Y  Furuoka H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(4):449-451

Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium that causes proliferative enteropathy in various animals. The detection of L. intracellularis in clinical and environmental samples is necessary for the diagnosis of infection and epidemiological investigations. For the detection of L. intracellularis in fecal samples, we have developed an immunological method using immunomagnetic separation and ATP bioluminescence. Magnetic beads were coated with an anti-Lawsonia surface antigen (LsaA) antibody in order to capture the L. intracellularis in fecal samples from infected rabbits and the bacteria captured by the immunomagnetic beads were assayed by means of ATP bioluminescence. Our results showed that L. intracelluraris was detected by immunomagnetic separation of bacteria-holding magnetic beads and ATP-based bioluminescence, suggesting that our methods could be useful for the diagnosis of proliferative enteropathy.  相似文献   

Changes in plasma testosterone levels and semen quality after 3 injections of a GnRH analogue in 3 dogs with spermatogenic dysfunction     

Kawakami E  Masaoka Y  Hirano T  Hori T  Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(12):1249-1252

Three male Beagles with low plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels and spermatogenic dysfunction (SD-dogs) were given 3 weekly subcutaneous injections of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (Buserelin; GnRH-AB). The plasma T level of all of the SD-dogs increased and peaked at 4-6 weeks after the first injection. The total number of sperm and the sperm motility of the three SD-dogs increased 5-7 weeks after the first injection. Therefore, the authors concluded that 3 weekly injections of GnRH-AB transiently improves semen quality in some cases of canine spermatogenic dysfunction.  相似文献   

Changes in peripheral lymphocyte subsets in the type 1 diabetic dogs treated with insulin injections   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mori A  Sagara F  Shimizu S  Mizutani H  Sako T  Hirose H  Yoshimura I  Uematsu Y  Yamaguchi T  Arai T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(2):185-187

Plasma metabolites and peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured in ten diabetic and ten control dogs to investigate their significances as indicators to evaluate immune states in the diabetic dogs. Diabetic dogs were treated with insulin injections, however their plasma glucose and fructosamine concentrations were significantly higher than those of the controls. There were no significant differences in counts of total white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocyte CD8(+) cells (cytotoxic T cells) between the control and the diabetic dogs. In the diabetic dogs, the counts of CD3(+) (T cells), CD4(+) (Helper T cells) and CD21(+) (B cells) cells and the peripheral lymphocytes CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly lower than those in the control dogs. We confirmed abnormality of lymphocyte subsets in insulin treated diabetic dogs and it may relate to depression of immunocompetence and high susceptibility to common infectious diseases.  相似文献   

Toxicogenomic biomarkers for liver toxicity     

Kiyosawa N  Ando Y  Manabe S  Yamoto T 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(1):35-52

Toxicogenomics (TGx) is a widely used technique in the preclinical stage of drug development to investigate the molecular mechanisms of toxicity. A number of candidate TGx biomarkers have now been identified and are utilized for both assessing and predicting toxicities. Further accumulation of novel TGx biomarkers will lead to more efficient, appropriate and cost effective drug risk assessment, reinforcing the paradigm of the conventional toxicology system with a more profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drug-induced toxicity. In this paper, we overview some practical strategies as well as obstacles for identifying and utilizing TGx biomarkers based on microarray analysis. Since clinical hepatotoxicity is one of the major causes of drug development attrition, the liver has been the best documented target organ for TGx studies to date, and we therefore focused on information from liver TGx studies. In this review, we summarize the current resources in the literature in regard to TGx studies of the liver, from which toxicologists could extract potential TGx biomarker gene sets for better hepatotoxicity risk assessment.  相似文献   

Diffusive separation of the lower atmosphere     

Adachi Y  Kawamura K  Armi L  Keeling RF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5766):1429

The separation of atmospheric constituents by gravity has been proposed theoretically for almost two centuries. However, turbulent mixing has prevented the detection of this phenomenon in the lower atmosphere. By using precise measurements of the Ar/N2 ratio of air samples taken under strong nocturnal inversions, we have detected such separation in near-surface layers. The effect is shown to be consistent with combined influence of thermal and gravimetric separation, with the thermal contribution being more important.  相似文献   

Effects of 5'-uridylic acid feeding on postprandial plasma concentrations of metabolites and metabolic hormones in pre-weaning goats     

Yoshihisa OHTANI  Yosuke KOBAYASHI  Tatsuyuki TAKAHASHI  Satoshi HAGA  Mutsuo TAKAGI  Takanori MASHIKO  Kazuo KATOH  Yoshiaki OBARA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(5):570-576

5'-Uridylic acid (UMP), which is present at high concentrations in cow's colostrum, has been shown to cause a reduction in increased plasma levels of insulin and glucose after ingestion of milk replacer in pre-weaning calves. However, the precise mechanisms of UMP action have not been investigated, and its action has not been investigated in other pre-weaning ruminants. In order to demonstrate whether UMP causes changes in postprandial metabolic and hormonal parameters in pre-weaning goats, 11 Saanen kids were given milk replacer (twice a day) without ( n  = 5) or with ( n  = 6) UMP (1 g for each meal, 2 g/day for each head) for 14 days. Analysis of blood samples taken in the morning of day 14 demonstrated that the feeding of milk replacer with UMP abolished the significant changes in postprandial plasma glucose, NEFA, GH and insulin concentrations induced by feeding of milk replacer alone, and demonstrated a tendency to increase IGF-I levels. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at any sampling time. We conclude that UMP feeding with milk replacer showed a tendency to blunt the postprandial changes in levels of some plasma metabolites and hormones that are induced by replacer alone in pre-weaning goats.  相似文献   

Successful interspecific hybridization between Cucumis sativus L. and C. hystrix Chakr.   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Jin-feng Chen  Jack E. Staub  Yosuke Tashiro  Shiro Isshiki  Sadami Miyazaki 《Euphytica》1997,96(3):413-419

Interspecific F₁ hybrids were obtained from a cross between Cucumis sativus L. (2n = 2x = 14) and C. hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2x = 24). Controlled crossing resulted in fruit containing embryos which were excised and rescued on a Murashige and Skoog solid medium. A total of 59 vigorous plants were obtained from a fruit containing 159 embryos (37.3% regeneration rate). Hybrid plants were morphologically uniform. The multiple branching habit, densely brown hairs (especially on corolla and pistil), orange-yellow collora, and ovate fruit of F₁ hybrid plants were similar to that of the C. hystrix paternal parent. While appearance of the first pistillate flower was more similar to that of C. sativus maternal parent than to C. hystrix, staminate flower appearance was mid-parent in occurence. The diameter and internode length of stem, shape and size of leaves and flowers were intermediate when compared to the parents. An elongated green, trilobate style/stigma which was not apparent in either parent was observed in staminate flowers of F₁ plants. Similarly, the style/stigma of pistillate flower of F₁ plants were longger when compared to their parents. The brown pubescence observed on pistillate flowers of the F₁ and C. hystrix was not observed on the C. sativus parent. The somatic chromosome number of F₁ plants was 19. Two morphologically distinct groups of chromosomes were observed in the F₁ hybrid; 7 relatively large chromosomes characteristic of C. sativus, and 12 smaller chromosomes characteristic of C. hystrix. Analysis of malate dehydrogenase isozyme banding patterns provided additional comfirmation of hybridity. Reciprocal crossing of F₁ plants to either parent and self-crossing indicated that the hybrids were male and female sterile. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A novel black tea pigment and two new oxidation products of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tanaka T  Matsuo Y  Kouno I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(19):7571-7578

During tea fermentation, oxidation-reduction dismutation of a number of quinone metabolites of tea catechins yields numerous minor products, which make it difficult to separate and purify black tea polyphenols. In this study, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate was enzymatically oxidized and then the unstable quinone metabolites in the oxidation mixture were hydrogenated with 2-mercaptoethanol to reduce production of inseparable minor dismutation products. As a result, three new oxidation products including a new black tea pigment were isolated, and their structures were determined based on chemical and spectroscopic data. Dehydrotheasinensin AQ is a new reddish-orange pigment with a 1,2-diketone structure, and its presence in commercial black tea was confirmed. In addition, a new quinone dimer with a complex caged structure and a trimer of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate were also isolated and their production mechanisms are proposed. The presence of this trimer suggested participation of galloyl quinones in production of minor polyphenols in black tea.  相似文献