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随着我国节水灌溉规模不断扩大 ,节水灌溉材料设备生产企业迅速增加。本文介绍了我国节水灌溉材料设备发展状况和存在的问题 ,对我国加入WTO后 ,国外先进技术与设备进入国内市场 ,我国节水灌溉产业面临的挑战和发展机遇以及相应对策进行了初步分析和阐述。 相似文献
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Gorinstein S Leontowicz H Leontowicz M Najman K Bielecki W Ham KS Kang SG Paredes-Lopez O Martinez-Ayala AL Trakhtenberg S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7441-7451
The aim of this investigation was to compare the liver and aorta changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets and the possible improvement when diets would be supplemented with frequently used raw vegetables. The phenolic compounds of three vegetables in methanol-water (1:1) fraction were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). Results showed that the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, flavanols, tannins, and ascorbic acid varied for garlic and white and red onions ranging from 6.68 to 18.08 mg GAE/g DW, 490.4-701.0 μg CE/g DW, 281.2-1100.0 μg, 32.40-41.30 μg CE/g DW, 2.88-3.12 mg CE/g DW, 1.87-2.33 mg AA/g DW, 1388.2-1442.3 μg CGE/g DW, respectively. The radical scavenging capacities (μM TE/g DW) for the same investigated vegetables for ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays ranged from 48.78 to 92.42, 9.41-28.56, 3.06-10.41, and 6.49-23.42, respectively. Good correlations were observed between the phenolic contents and the radical scavenging capacities of the vegetables. The interaction between BSA and quercetin, BSA and garlic and onions extracts was measured by 3-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The highest polyphenol content was found in methanol/water fraction of onions and garlic; therefore, for the investigation of in vitro interactions with BSA only polyphenols of this fraction were used. For in vivo studies, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each of 6 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite. During 6 weeks, the rats of all 5 groups were fed a basal diet (BD). The rats of the Control group were fed the BD only. The BD of the Chol group was supplemented with 10 g/kg of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC). Each of the other three groups was supplemented with 10 g/kg of NOC and 500 mg of raw fresh garlic, 500 mg of raw fresh red onion, and 500 mg of raw fresh white onion on 1 kg of body weight for Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite diet groups, respectively. In order to detect the changes in the liver and aorta, a histological procedure was applied, and the liver enzymes were determined and compared. It was found that the main changes vs the Control group were in the liver of rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet without vegetable supplementation. Significantly less histological changes in the liver and lower level of liver enzymes vs those of the Chol group were detected in rats of the Chol/Garlic group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the polyphenol extract of garlic and BSA in vitro showed its strong ability comparable with that of quercetin to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. In conclusion, all studied vegetables showed protective effects, but raw garlic supplemented with cholesterol-containing diets significantly prevented the aorta and liver damages of rats. 相似文献
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在压管道量水的垂直管法及水平管法介绍 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在农业节水灌溉各项技术的推广应用中,灌溉量水是一项基础的和关键性的技术。对灌水效率及节水效果的评价、灌溉管理、计划用水及按方收费等,都要通过灌溉量水来进行。目前,我国正在推广节水灌溉技术,灌溉量水是管理节水措施中的重要内容,本文介绍一种用有压管道出流水舌来测量管道流量的方法。 相似文献
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耕作措施对土壤特性及作物产量的影响 总被引:59,自引:9,他引:59
通过夏玉米田间试验研究了不同耕作措施及秸秆覆盖对土壤特性、水分状况、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响。试验处理包括常规耕作、深松、秸秆覆盖、垄作、浅坑及免耕。结果表明,秸秆覆盖可显著提高土壤蓄水量、作物产量及水分利用效率。其保水增产效果在干旱年份更加明显。深松可有效打破犁底层降低其密度,可增加作物根深、根长及根重,提高作物产量和水分利用效率。免耕可提高夏玉米早期田间土壤含水率,保持相同产量。 相似文献