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Rodríguez C Frías J Vidal-Valverde C Hernández A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10275-10280
The effect of the germination of peas, beans, and lentils under differing conditions of illumination for different times on parameters linked to the Maillard reaction (chemically available free and intrachain lysine, lysine availability, and furosine) was evaluated. The chemically available free lysine content in the raw seeds of the three legumes was quite small compared to the chemically available intrachain lysine content, and furosine was detectable only in the beans and the lentils. The effect of germination was to increase lysine availability compared with levels in the raw seeds in all of the germinated samples, the smallest increase taking place in the lentils. In addition, furosine became detectable in all of the germinated samples. Quantities varied depending on the germination conditions but in all cases were higher than the quantities observed in the raw seeds. Linear correlations were observed to exist between some of the parameters considered in the three legumes tested. 相似文献
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Jose M Carral Jesús D Celada Maria Sáez-Royuela Ruth Rodríguez Amelia Aguilera & Pedro Melendre 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(6):632-636
Four desticking procedures for tench eggs (A: tannic acid solution (1 g L−1) for 15 s; B: alcalase enzyme solution (8 mL L−1) for 60 s; C: alcalase enzyme solution (15 mL L−1) for 120 s; D: Woynarovich and Woynarovich (1980) solution for 58 min followed by tannic acid solution (1 g L−1) for 15 s) were tested to obtain data about influence on embryo survival to hatching stage and further survival and growth of the larvae. In the tannic acid and Woynarovich and Woynarovich (1980) treatment (A and D) few eggs stuck together and some were adhered to the incubator walls, whereas in the alcalase treatments (B and C) eggs neither stuck together nor adhered to the incubator walls. Percentages of hatched larvae did not show significant differences (mean values ranged between 47.4% in treatment A to 37.0% in treatment C). Larvae deformities observed were <0.5% in all cases. There were no significant differences among survival and growth rates of the larvae from different egg desticking origin, reaching, after 30 days, mean survival values around 90% and total length and weight of 12.5 mm and 19 mg respectively. 相似文献
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Opportunities and Challenges of Carbon Footprint,Climate or CO2 Labelling for Horticultural Products
The number of fruits on the German and European markets with a carbon label is on the increase. This contribution reviews the existing carbon labels by evaluating, categorising and giving background information to provide guidance for labelling home-grown horticultural produce. The existing labels worldwide were classified in 10 categories: (1) CO2 value; (2) Colour code (with or without CO2 value); (3) CO2 reduction (Carbon Trust, Tesco’s, UK) or conversion labels; (4) Climatop for Migros, Switzerland (temporal label for the best product within a product category, e.g., banana, rice, salt); (5) Airfreight labels, e.g., Marks & Spencer’s UK (without further information); (6) ‘Climate, carbon offset or CO2-neutral’, e.g., NewTree, (only when using gold standard CO2 emission certificates); (7) unaccounted CO2 compensation measures (such as planting young trees: ‘CO2 pineapple’ in Costa Rica); (8) Sustainability labels (ProPlanet, REWE), (9) sustainability reports (printed or online) and (10) QR-Code on the shelf or product to access web-based information. The ‘Pros and Cons’ of the climate labels are compared with respect to the seasonal fruit and vegetables often sold on the markets as lose items and the stakeholder interest. Labelling approaches 4, 8, 9 and 10 appeared suitable for seasonal fruits and vegetables based on criteria such as transparency, clarity, objectivity and integration in the sustainability context. Overall, it is difficult to use labels with a CO2 value for horticultural products, because (a) the consumer may find it difficult to judge and memorise numeric values, particularly if expressed on different units (e.g. packet size, 1 l, 100 g) and (b) because of the big variation between the farm production systems and the variability between the year to year weather and (c) the consumer may find shopping with a seasonal crop calendar and country of origin label a better choice. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Two‐spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) oviposit near leaf veins or in leaf folds on the undersides of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves where the humid boundary layer offers protection from desiccation. The authors predicted that the boundary layer of glabrous cotton leaves should be shallower than that of hairy leaves, providing some resistance to mites. The dynamics of mite populations, leaf damage, leaf gas exchange and crop yield on two leaf hair isolines (smooth versus hairy) in two genetic backgrounds was assessed. RESULTS: Mite colonies developed faster on the hairy leaf isolines, but leaf damage per mite was higher in smooth leaf isolines, indicating more intense damage. A 50% reduction in photosynthesis on the hairy isolines required 1.8 times more mites than smooth leaves. The yield of cotton was reduced in + mite treatments, but the magnitude of reduction was similar for hairy and smooth isolines. CONCLUSION: Paradoxically, the relative inhospitality of glabrous leaves may have induced mites to concentrate in protected leaf sections, causing more localised and more severe damage, negating the yield benefits from fewer mites. These results highlight interactions between leaf microenvironment, pest behaviour and plant productivity that may have implications for other instances of plant resistance. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Robert D. Murnane DVM PhD David J. Prieur Amelia J. Ahern-Rindell Larry D. Holler Steven M. Parish 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(3):221-223
Ovine GM-1 gangliosidosis is an inherited lysosomal storage disease. Nine lambs affected with the disease were studied to characterize clinical signs and to determine if there were any pathognomonic clinicopathologic abnormalities. Evaluation included physical, ophthalmic, and neurologic examinations, complete blood counts, serum enzyme and electrolyte analyses, urinalyses, cerebrospinal fluid analyses, blood gas analyses, roentgenograms, electromyograms, and electrocardiograms. Two affected lambs had clinicopathologic tests performed before and after the onset of clinical signs. The only consistent abnormalities recognized were nonspecific signs referable to the central nervous system; predominantly ataxia, conscious proprioceptive deficit most severe in the hind limbs, blindness, and recumbency. Lambs continued to eat and drink, though at diminished levels and with loss of body condition. It was concluded that there are no pathognomonic clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with ovine GM-1 gangliosidosis, and antemortem diagnosis requires enzyme assay of leukocytes or cultured fibroblasts, or lectin histochemistry of tissues obtained by biopsy. Lysosomal storage diseases should be considered among the differential diagnoses in young animals presenting with early neonatal death or with nonspecific neurological signs, in concert with an absence of diagnostic clinicopathologic findings. 相似文献
18.
Zusammenfassung Die im Wachstum begriffene australische Erdbeerindustrie ist geprägt durch optimale Klimabedingungen und einfachen Zugang zu den Ressourcen, hohe Intensivierung und — wie in Kalifornien — hohe Erträge über 30 t/ha. Der Markt ist fast autark, Im- und Exporte frischer Erdbeeren spielen keine Rolle. Mit einem derzeitigen Produktionsvolumen von 40.000 t/Jahr auf ca. 1.300 ha wird eine Ausweitung auf 71.000 t bis zum Jahre 2008 angestrebt. Dies entspricht — bei ca. 20 Mio. Einwohnern Australiens — einer Steigerung des Erdbeerkonsums von 2,0 kg auf ca. 2,7 kg/Kopf und Jahr im Jahr 2008. Der gegenwärtige Erdbeerkonsum in Deutschland liegt bereits bei ca. 2,7 kg/Kopf und Jahr, wobei die Erdbeerimporte von ca. 120.000 t die Eigenproduktion von ca. 100.000 t auf 10.420 ha Anbaufläche — im Gegensatz zu Australien — übersteigen. Die drei australischen Hauptanbaugebiete konzentrieren sich auf Queensland im Nordosten, Perth im Westen und Victoria im Südosten Australiens. Der überwiegend einjährige Anbau erfolgt mit 45.000–66.000 Grünpflanzen/ha als Einzel- oder Doppelreihe in Dammkultur und Mulchfolie mit integriertem Fertigationsschlauch. Nach telefonischem Verkauf erfolgt die Lieferung im Kühl-LKW direkt an die Supermärkte oft weit entfernter Großstädte. Als tagneutrale Erdbeersorten dominieren mit 90% amerikanische Sorten wie Selva, Camarosa und Camino Real aus Kalifornien sowie Sweet Charlie und Festival aus Florida. Interessante Neuzüchtungen aus dem Jahre 2003 sind Rubygem, Sugarbaby, Brighteyes und Harmony aus Queensland als Kurztagssorten. Zusammen mit tagneutralen Sorten aus dem südlichen Züchtungsprogramm in Victoria stieg ihr Marktanteil in den letzten drei Jahren von 8% auf 10%. Primäre Zuchtziele des nördlichen Züchtungsprogramms in Queensland sind Kurztagssorten mit frühem Reifebeginn und hohem Ertrag über 1,2 kg/Pflanze. Das südliche Züchtungsprogramm um Victoria zielt dagegen sowohl auf Kurztagssorten als auch Tagneutralität sowie eine zusätzlich lange Ernteperiode über mindestens 10 Wochen. Während die Zuchtziele der äußeren Fruchtqualität wie Fruchtgröße, Fruchtfestigkeit und Glanz mit denen Deutschlands übereinstimmen, unterscheiden sich die der inneren Fruchtqualität wie süßer Geschmack bei gleichzeitiger Säurearmut und hoher Fruchtfleischfestigkeit. 相似文献
19.
Fractures of the humerus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Simpson AM 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2004,19(3):120-127
Humeral fractures are the least common long bone fracture in small animals. The low incidence of these fractures combined with the unique anatomy of the humerus makes repair of humeral fractures challenging. This chapter provides a review of humeral fracture management. 相似文献
20.
Groover ES Woolums AR Cole DJ LeRoy BE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(4):572-577
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with renal insufficiency in colic- or colitis-affected horses with high serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations evaluated at a referral hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 167 colic- or colitis-affected horses (88 represented a random sample [hospital population], and 79 had high SCr concentration at initial evaluation [study population]). PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed. Data collected included signalment; physical examination, clinicopathologic, and diagnostic findings; and outcome. The study population was categorized on the basis of whether SCr concentration did (AR group; n = 53) or did not (PA group; 26) normalize within 72 hours of fluid therapy. Characteristics of the study and hospital populations were compared. RESULTS: Males and Quarter Horses were significantly overrepresented in the study population. Compared with the hospital population, study-population horses were significantly more likely to have colitis, gastric reflux, and diarrhea at initial evaluation. Initial mean SCr concentration in the PA group was significantly higher than the AR group; identification of gastric reflux, abnormal rectal examination findings, and hypochloremia were significantly associated with persistent azotemia after 72 hours of fluid therapy. Compared with the AR group, PA group horses were 3 times as likely to die or be euthanized. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In colic- or colitis-affected horses, factors associated with renal insufficiency included gastric reflux, abnormal rectal examination findings, or hypochloremia initially; prognosis for horses in which azotemia resolves within 72 hours of treatment appears to be better than for horses with persistent azotemia. 相似文献