Effect of fluid media on the mechanical properties of continuous pattern‐ending surgeon's,square, and Aberdeen knots in vitro*          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew Coleridge  Alexandra M. Gillen  Ramsis Farag  R. Reid Hanson  Amelia S. Munsterman 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(2):306-315

  相似文献   

Ileal impaction and jejunal enterotomy in a 4-month-old Arabian filly     

Davis HA  Munsterman A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(1):71-74

A 4-month-old Arabian filly was treated by surgical correction of an ileal impaction. The impaction was resolved through a distal jejunal enterotomy. One-year follow-up showed no post-operative complications secondary to the enterotomy. Jejunal enterotomy may be a surgical option for resolution of an ileal impaction.  相似文献   

Priming depletes soil carbon and releases nitrogen in a scrub-oak ecosystem exposed to elevated CO₂     

J. Adam Langley  Amelia A. Wolf  Bert G. Drake 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(1):54-60

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ tends to stimulate plant productivity, which could either stimulate or suppress the processing of soil carbon, thereby feeding back to atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. We employed an acid-hydrolysis-incubation method and a net nitrogen-mineralization assay to assess stability of soil carbon pools and short-term nitrogen dynamics in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem after six years of exposure to elevated CO₂. We found that soil carbon concentration in the slow pool was 27% lower in elevated than ambient CO₂ plots at 0-10 cm depth. The difference in carbon mass was equivalent to roughly one-third of the increase in plant biomass that occurred in the same experiment. These results concur with previous reports from this ecosystem that elevated CO₂ stimulates microbial degradation of relatively stable soil organic carbon pools. Accordingly, elevated CO₂ increased net N mineralization in the 10-30 cm depth, which may increase N availability, thereby allowing for continued stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO₂. Our findings suggest that soil texture and climate may explain the differential response of soil carbon among various long-term, field-based CO₂ studies. Increased mineralization of stable soil organic carbon by a CO₂-induced priming effect may diminish the terrestrial carbon sink globally.  相似文献   

Concentration of Infectious Aquatic Rhabdoviruses from Freshwater and Seawater Using Ultrafiltration     

Amelia A. M. Grant  Eva Jakob  Jon Richard  Kyle A. Garver 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(4):218-223

Abstract

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, and spring viremia of carp virus were concentrated and detected from freshwater and seawater samples by using hollow-fiber ultrafiltration. Within 60 min, virus in a 50-L freshwater or saltwater sample was concentrated more than 70-fold, and virus retention efficiencies were consistently greater than 88%. Retention efficiency was highly dependent upon concentrations of column blocking and sample stabilization solutions. A large column with a surface area of 1.15 m² and a filtration capacity of 5–200 L exhibited optimal viral retention when blocked with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and when the samples were supplemented with 0.1% FBS. Conversely, a small column with 100-fold less surface area and a filtering capacity of 0.5–2.0 L was optimized when blocked with 1% FBS and when the samples were supplemented with 0.1% FBS. The optimized ultrafiltration procedure was further validated with water from a tank that contained IHNV-exposed juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, resulting in an average virus retention efficiency of 91.6 ± 4.1% (mean ± SE). Virus quantification of concentrated samples demonstrated that IHNV shedding in sockeye salmon preceded mortality; shedding of the virus was observed to increase significantly as early as 7 d postchallenge and peaked at day 14, when virus levels reached 4.87 × 10³ plaque-forming units/mL. We conclude that ultrafiltration is a reliable and effective method for concentrating viable aquatic rhabdoviruses from large volumes of water and has application for the analysis of environmental water samples.

Received April 22, 2011; accepted August 4, 2011  相似文献   

Verfrühung von Süßkirschen unter geschlossener Folie     

M. Balmer  A. Kunz  M. Blanke 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2005,47(4):78-86

The sweet cherry cvs. ‘Burlat’, ‘Earlise’, ‘Samba’, ‘Souvenir’, and clone M, all with early ripening, large, dark, red-black fruit, were cultivated at a spacing of 3.80x1.75 m under complete rain cover in a whole orchard at the Klein-Altendorf Research Station near Bonn, Germany during April and May 2004. Under such cover, these sweet cherry trees flowered 6–13 days earlier and their fruit ripened 12–19 days earlier than those from uncovered control trees, indicating shorter or enhanced fruit development and maturation in up to 1 week. The cover proved insufficient for frost protection at night, despite increased daytime air and soil temperatures (by as much as 15°C and 5°C, respectively). Trickle irrigation was used to overcome loss of soil moisture due to the rain cover. Burlat leaves grown under this cover were thinner and softer and contained less chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll than the leaves of uncovered control trees, without limiting photosynthesis. In contrast, the chlorophyll content of clone M leaves grown under cover equalled that of uncovered controls. Three of the five cvs. employed developed fruit mass of 9–15 g (25–33 mm fruit diameter). Three-year-old sweet cherry trees on dwarfing GiSelA 5 rootstocks were more vigorous than those without cover and produced 3–4.5 kg fruit per tree. The cover had no adverse effect on fruit colouration. The cherries grown under cover were slightly smaller, softer, with attractive colouration, and tasted better due to increases in both sugar and acidity, with sugar:acid ratios of 25–30:1.  相似文献   

Energiebilanzen für Obstimporte: Äpfel aus Deutschland oder Übersee?     

Dr. M. Blanke  B. Burdick 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2005,47(6):143-148

This work compares the primary energy requirement for apples marketed in Germany in April which were either home-grown in Germany or imported from overseas. The primary energy requirement was calculated for apples (cv. ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Golden Delicious’) picked during mid-October near Bonn, Germany, with subsequent 5-month on-site CA storage at ca. 1°C until mid-March. This was compared with energy requirements for apples of the same cultivar grown in a Southern hemisphere winter in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand or Grabouw-Elgin, Western Cape, South Africa, picked in March, and with subsequent 28- or 14-day transport, respectively, on reefers to Antwerp for sale in April in Germany. The primary energy required for cultivating Braeburn apples in New Zealand (ca. 2.1 MJ/kg apple fruit) represented 38% of their overall primary energy requirement, compared with 2.8 MJ/kg fruit in Germany or South Africa, with smaller harvests of 40 t/ha cf. 90 t/ha in New Zealand. Braeburn and Golden Delicious apples grown and stored locally in Germany consumed nearly 6 MJ/kg fruit, which included ca. 0.8 MJ/kg for 5-month CA storage during the winter. This compared favourably with 7.2–7.5 MJ/kg for overseas shipment from New Zealand or South Africa, i.e. a 22–27% greater energy requirement for imported fruits. The CA storage of home-grown apples in Germany partially compensated for the energy required to import the fresh fruit from overseas. To compensate fully for imports from South Africa or New Zealand, home-grown apples had to be stored locally for ca. 9 or 18 months, respectively, i.e. in the latter case beyond the next harvest. The lower primary energy required for domestic apple fruit is discussed with respect to providing local employment, fruit orchards preserving the countryside, fruit quality, food safety and quality assurance schemes such as QS and EUREP-GAP, food security of local fruit, and networking favouring regional produce.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal dynamics of soybean gall midge (Resseliella maxima) parasitism by Synopeas maximum     

Gloria Melotto  Bruce D. Potter  Robert L. Koch  Amelia R. I. Lindsey 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5096-5105

  相似文献   

Linking Land Cover Changes in the Sub‐Alpine and Montane Belts to Changes in a Torrential River     

Yasmina Sanjun  Amelia Gmez‐Villar  Estela Nadal‐Romero  Javier lvarez‐Martínez  Jos Arnez  María P. Serrano‐Muela  Juan Manuel Rubiales  Penlope Gonzlez‐Sampriz  Jos M. García‐Ruiz 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):179-189

Channel changes are the consequence of changes in sediment yield from the slopes and in the connectivity between slopes and channels because of distinct land use and climate impacts. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and evolution of a short reach in the headwater of the Ijuez River, central–southern Pyrenees. Assessment of a series of sedimentary and geomorphic structures confirmed major changes to the valley bottom, mainly related to changes in the intensity of human activity. The oldest sedimentary structure is a terrace level located 3 to 4 m above the current alluvial plain. General deforestation, overgrazing and recurring fires in the montane belt (1100–1600 m a.s.l.) have led to increased soil erosion and connectivity, and to the triggering of debris flows that have been deposited on the fluvial terrace. Woody fragments from within the debris flows were dated using accelerator mass spectrometry ¹⁴C radiocarbon techniques (AMS), yielding ages between 100 and 115 cal years bp , which coincides with the period of maximum deforestation and human density in the Pyrenees. Depopulation and farmland abandonment since the beginning of the 20th century has resulted in generalized natural and artificial reforestation, a shrinkage of the eroded areas and a decline in connectivity between slopes and the channel. The most important consequence has been channel incision and narrowing, and the development of a sediment armour layer. Active sediment transport is continuing, although there has been a decrease in sediment yield from the slopes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations as predictors of death in critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea     

Schoeman JP  Goddard A  Herrtage ME 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(10):1534-1539

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of adrenal and thyroid hormones in the prediction of death in a population of critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea by measuring serial daily serum concentrations of cortisol and thyroxine. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. ANIMALS: 57 critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea admitted to the hospital and 17 clinically normal control puppies. PROCEDURES: Basal serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations were measured for each dog with parvoviral diarrhea at admission (prior to treatment) and daily until death, euthanasia, or discharge. RESULTS: Median time between admission and death was 48 hours (ie, on day 3). Median serum cortisol concentration on day 1 (admission) in all dogs with parvoviral diarrhea (248 nmol/L) was significantly higher than in control dogs (77 nmol/L). No significant difference was found in the day 1 median serum cortisol concentration of 11 dogs that died (302 nmol/L) and 46 dogs that survived (238 nmol/L). A significantly higher median serum cortisol concentration was, however, found in nonsurvivor group dogs, compared with survivor group dogs, on days 2 and 3. Median serum thyroxine concentration on day 1 in dogs with parvoviral diarrhea was significantly lower than in control dogs (8.12 nmol/L vs 35 nmol/L, respectively). Median serum thyroxine concentration of nonsurvivor group dogs (4.4 nmol/L) was significantly lower than that of survivor group dogs (9.2 nmol/L) at admission and became even lower on days 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: High serum cortisol and low serum thyroxine concentrations at 24 and 48 hours after admission were associated with death in dogs with parvoviral diarrhea.  相似文献   

Microsatellite instability in canine mammary gland tumors     

McNiel EA  Griffin KL  Mellett AM  Madrill NJ  Mickelson JR 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(5):1034-1040

BACKGROUND: Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and may be required for the accumulation of cancer-causing mutations within cells. One form of genomic instability occurs in tandem nucleotide repeats and is known as microsatellite instability (MSI). HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that MSI can be observed in canine mammary gland tumors (MGT) and represents a potential carcinogenic mechanism in dogs. ANIMALS: Thirty-five dogs with MGTs and 9 dogs with other tumors were recruited from the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center and referring veterinary clinics. METHODS: A panel of 21 canine microsatellite (MS) markers was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from blood and from fresh or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. PCR products were evaluated by using capillary electrophoresis, and the chromatograms were analyzed by using genotyping software. MS genotypes obtained from fresh and formalin-fixed tumor tissues were compared, as were MS genotypes from normal tissue and tumor tissue. RESULTS: Genotypes obtained from formalin-fixed and fresh tissues were identical for all MS in 9 tumors evaluated, suggesting excellent concordance between the 2 sample types. For the 35 canine mammary tumors evaluated, 13 (37%) had stable genotypes; 22 (63%) exhibited aberrations in 1 or 2 MS; and 4 tumors (11%) demonstrated high-level instability, with aberrations in 29 to 61% of MS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Although some low-level MSI often is observed, high-level MSI is an infrequent finding in canine mammary tumors. Further evaluations are required to better characterize this phenomenon and to determine its relevance to canine carcinogenesis.  相似文献