Meta-analysis of the effects of lidocaine on postoperative reflux in the horse     

Elyse Durket DVM  Alexandra Gillen MA  MS  VetMB  CertAVP  MRCVS  DACVS-LA  Jack Kottwitz DVM  CertAqV  Amelia Munsterman DVM  MS  PhD  DACVS-LA  DACVECC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(1):44-52

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Transposition of the common carotid artery in standing cattle     

Amelia S. Munsterman DVM  MS  PhD  DACVS  DACVECC  Sebastian I. Arriola Apelo MS  PhD  Kathryn M. Nelson DVM  MS  DACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(4):668-675

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Effects of stocking density on survival and growth of juvenile tench (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tinca tinca</Emphasis> L.)     

Jesus D. Celada  Amelia Aguilera  Jose M. Carral  María Sáez-Royuela  Pedro M. Melendre  Jose R. Pérez 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(6):461-465

In two 120-day experiments, performed in the laboratory at 22°C, the effects of stocking density on the survival and growth of juvenile tench (Tinca tinca L.) were evaluated. Fish were kept in fibreglass tanks, supplied throughout with flow of artesian water, and fed a dry diet for salmonids, in excess, supplemented with restricted amounts of Artemia nauplii. In the first experiment four-month-old juveniles (0.31 ± 0.04 g and 32.00 ± 1.17 mm TL) were stocked at four densities—0.18, 0.88, 1.05, and 2.10 g l⁻¹. Survival was high (>89%) for all treatments. Final densities ranged between 1.10 g l⁻¹ (significantly lowest) and 10.46 g l⁻¹ (significantly highest). The density increase was significantly higher (611%) for fish stocked at the lowest initial density (0.18 g l⁻¹) than for fish stocked at 0.88, 1.05, and 2.10 g l⁻¹, for which the density increase averaged 457%. In the second experiment, 4.5-month-old juveniles (0.58 ± 0.17 g and 39.54 ± 0.83 mm TL) were stocked at three densities—1.05, 3.00, and 4.00 g l⁻¹. Survival was high (>96%) for all treatments. Final densities ranged between 4.08 and 16.53 g l⁻¹ and were significantly higher for greater initial densities. The density increase was greatest (413%) for fish stocked at the highest density (4 g l⁻¹) and was not significantly different for fish stocked at 1.05 and 3 g l⁻¹. Considering all the densities in the two experiments, for stocking at 4 g l⁻¹ the final density was 15 times higher than that reached after stocking at 0.18 g l⁻¹, without harmful effects on survival and growth. This final density (equivalent to 16.53 kg m⁻³) is in the range recommended for other fish species in this period under intensive conditions.  相似文献   

Esterase inhibition by synergists in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis     

López-Soler N  Cervera A  Quinto V  Abellán J  Bielza P  Martínez-Pardo R  Garcerá MD 《Pest management science》2011,67(12):1549-1556

BACKGROUND: Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most important crop pests in the south‐eastern region of Spain. Its increasing resistance to insecticides constitutes a serious problem, and understanding the mechanisms involved is therefore of great interest. Use of synergists to inhibit the enzymes involved in insecticide detoxification is widely used to determine their responsibility for insecticide resistance. However, they do not always act as intended or expected, and caution must be exercised when interpreting synergist results. RESULTS: Laboratory‐selected strains of WFT were used to analyse the effects of the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and methiocarb on total esterase activity. Significant differences were found, indicating esterase activity inhibition by DEF, a lower effect for methiocarb and a small inhibition of the activity by PBO. Esterase isoenzyme inhibition by these compounds showed a similar result; this assay revealed an extreme sensitivity of Triplet A (resistance‐associated esterases) to DEF. In an in vivo assay carried out with these compounds at different incubation times, only DEF caused posterior in vitro esterase activity inhibition, with a maximum effect 1 h after treatment. CONCLUSION: In this work, only DEF shows true synergistic inhibition of WFT esterases. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Evaluation of gastric pressures as an indirect method for measurement of intraabdominal pressures in the horse     

Amelia S. Munsterman DVM  MS  DACVS  DACVECC  Russell Reid Hanson DVM  DACVS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2011,21(1):29-35

Objective – To develop an indirect method for measurement of intraabdominal pressures in the standing horse using measurement of gastric pressures as a less invasive technique, and to compare this method with direct intraabdominal pressures obtained from the peritoneal cavity. Design – Prospective, experimental study. Setting – University‐based equine research facility. Animals – Ten healthy adult horses, 7 geldings and 3 mares. Interventions – Gastric pressures were measured using a nasogastric tube with a U‐tube manometry technique, while intraperitoneal pressures were measured with a peritoneal cannula. Measurements of intraabdominal pressure were obtained by both methods, simultaneously, and were evaluated using 5 increasing volumes of fluid infused into the stomach (0, 400, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mL). Bias and agreement between the 2 methods were determined using Bland‐Altman analysis and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients. Measurements and Main Results – Mean gastric pressure was 14.44±4.69 cm H₂O and ranged from 0 to 25.8 cm H₂O. Intraperitoneal pressure measurements were generally subatmospheric, and ranged from ?6.6 to 3.1 cm H₂O (mean±SD, ?1.59±2.09 cm H₂O). Measurements of intraperitoneal pressures were repeatable; however, intra‐ and interindividual variance was significantly larger for measurements of gastric pressures. The mean and relative bias for comparison between the 2 techniques was 15.9±5.3 cm H₂O and 244.3±199.2%, respectively. The Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between gastric and intraperitoneal pressures was ?0.003 but this was not statistically significant (P=0.75). Conclusions – There was no statistical concordance between measurements of intraabdominal pressure using gastric and intraperitoneal pressure measurement, indicating that gastric pressures cannot be substituted for intraperitoneal pressure measurement. Direct measurement of intraperitoneal pressures may be a more consistent method for comparison of intraabdominal pressures between horses, due to less variability within and between individuals.  相似文献   

Middle Miocene Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic cryosphere expansion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shevenell AE  Kennett JP  Lea DW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5691):1766-1770

Magnesium/calcium data from Southern Ocean planktonic foraminifera demonstrate that high-latitude (approximately 55 degrees S) southwest Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) cooled 6 degrees to 7 degrees C during the middle Miocene climate transition (14.2 to 13.8 million years ago). Stepwise surface cooling is paced by eccentricity forcing and precedes Antarctic cryosphere expansion by approximately 60 thousand years, suggesting the involvement of additional feedbacks during this interval of inferred low-atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Comparing SSTs and global carbon cycling proxies challenges the notion that episodic pCO2 drawdown drove this major Cenozoic climate transition. SST, salinity, and ice-volume trends suggest instead that orbitally paced ocean circulation changes altered meridional heat/vapor transport, triggering ice growth and global cooling.  相似文献   

Spectral Signatures of Surface Materials in Pig Buildings     

G. Zhang  J.S. Strm  M. Blanke  I. Braithwaite 《Biosystems Engineering》2006,94(4):495-504

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Intermittent long-wavelength red light increases the period of daily locomotor activity in mice     

John?R?HofstetterEmail author  Amelia?R?Hofstetter  Amanda?M?Hughes  Aimee?R?Mayeda 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2005,3(1):8

Background  

We observed that a dim, red light-emitting diode (LED) triggered by activity increased the circadian periods of lab mice compared to constant darkness. It is known that the circadian period of rats increases when vigorous wheel-running triggers full-spectrum lighting; however, spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors in mice suggests little or no response to red light. Thus, we decided to test the following hypotheses: dim red light illumination triggered by activity (LEDfb) increases the circadian period of mice compared to constant dark (DD); covering the LED prevents the effect on period; and DBA2/J mice have a different response to LEDfb than C57BL6/J mice.  相似文献   

Nicht-destruktive Bestimmung der Beduftung bzw. des Duftfilmes bei Pflaumen   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Adnan Mukhtar MSc  Lutz Damerow  E. A. Baker  Martin Balmer  Michael Blanke 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2014,56(3):85-88

During their ontogeny, a range of fruits develop a semi-transparent white coating on their surface, designated as wax bloom. This wax bloom was examined non-destructively on plums of different colour i.e. blue mature European plum, yellow mirabelle and greengage using a colourimeter and an industrial luster sensor at 15 mm distance from the fruit surface; the results are displayed as ‘luster levels’. European plums contained 175–205 µg epicuticular wax cm^?2 fruit surface with linoleic and ursolic acid as predominant fatty acids. The microscopic examination identified the epicuticular fine structure of the fruit surface as platelets viz with natural wax. Polishing with a soft tissue disturbed this fine structure and doubled the luster levels relative to the natural surface from 120–170 to 300–500 arbitrary units. This is related to wax re-distribution and restructuring rather than loss of epicuticular wax. Polishing increased the a value marginally from 2.35 to 2.85, whereas the b values almost tripled from ? 14 to ? 5, representing a more intense blue impression after polishing. This luster or glossiness measurement enables a clear identification of the natural wax coating versus a polished fruit surface irrespective of the respective fruit colour, i.e. blue plum, yellow mirabelle or greengage and hence seems more suitable than colour measurement. It hence seems plausible that fruit with a similar natural wax bloom like grape berry or blueberry etc. might respond similarly and could be used as a hand-hand device or on a sorting line for fast, online and affordable detection of the glossiness of a commodity.  相似文献   

Fruit Quality and Yield in Partially Defoliated Strawberry Plants in the Tropical Highlands   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Fánor Casierra-Posada  I. D. Torres  M. M. Blanke 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2013,65(3):107-112

The partial loss or reduction of leaf area is a wide-spread occurrence in the plant life cycle, caused e.g. by herbivory, stress or pathogen attack. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of partial defoliation on fruit production and quality in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. cv. Chandler). Plants were grown in a greenhouse in Tunja, Colombia, in hydroponics with an aerated nutrient solution. As leaves emerged, one or two leaflets were removed from each compound leaf, to attain 38 % and 67 % reduction of leaf area. Control plants grew intact, without defoliation. Fruit yield and fruit quality characteristics were evaluated for each plant. The pH, total soluble solids, ratio of total soluble solids to fruit juice acidity, fruit yield, fruit mass and size, and the ratio of leaf area/fruit yield were reduced drastically in defoliated plants. Leaf area reduction in excess of 38 % adversely affected physical and chemical characteristics of strawberry fruit, which did not meet marketing criteria.  相似文献