An exposure study to assess the potential impact of fipronil in treated sunflower seeds on honey bee colony losses in Spain     

Bernal J  Martin-Hernandez R  Diego JC  Nozal MJ  Gozalez-Porto AV  Bernal JL  Higes M 《Pest management science》2011,67(10):1320-1331

BACKGROUND: There is great concern about the high losses and strong depopulation of honey bee colonies in some areas of Spain. Some beekeepers have suggested that sunflower seeds treated with the insecticide fipronil could be an important factor in causing those losses. Therefore, an in‐depth field study has been carried out in two regions of Spain where sunflower production is intense (Cuenca and Andalucía) and where, for some crops and varieties, fipronil has been used as seed insecticide. RESULTS: Samples of adult bees and pollen were analysed for bee pathogens and pesticide residues respectively. Neither fipronil residues nor its metabolites were detected in any of the samples analysed, indicating that short‐term or chronic exposure of bees to fipronil and/or its metabolites can be ruled out in the apiaries surveyed. Varroa destructor and Nosema ceranae were found to be very prevalent. CONCLUSION: The combination of the two pathogens could augment the risk of colony death in infected colonies, without fipronil residues exerting a significant effect in the given field conditions. Indeed, in this study the losses observed in apiaries located close to sunflower crops were similar to those in apiaries situated in forested areas with wild vegetation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Hydrolysis of Lactose： Estimation of Kinetic Parameters Using Artificial Neural Networks     

Anahi V. Cuellas  Sebastian Oddone  Enrique J. Mammarella  Amelia C. Rubiolo 《农业科学与技术》2013,(10):811-818

The analysis of any kinetic process involves the development of a mathematical model with predictive purposes. Generally, those models have characteristic parameters that should be estimated experimentally. A typical example is Michaelis-Menten model for enzymatic hydrolysis. Even though conventional kinetic models are very useful, they are only valid under certain experimental conditions. Besides, frequently large standard errors of estimated parameters are found due to the error of experimental determinations and/or insufficient number of assays. In this work, we developed an artificial neural network （ANN） to predict the performance of enzyme reactors at various operational conditions. The net was trained with experimental data obtained under different hydrolysis conditions of lactose solutions or cheese whey and different initial concentrations of enzymes or substrates. In all the experiments, commercial 13-galactosidase either free or immobilized in a chitosan support was used. The neural network developed in this study had an average absolute relative error of less than 5% even using few experimental data, which suggests that this tool provides an accurate prediction method for lactose hydrolysis.  相似文献   

Direct Measurement of Intra-abdominal Pressures in a Horse by Using a Solid Microsensor     

Elizabeth J. Barrett  Amelia S. MunstermanValeria Albanese  DVM  R. Reid Hanson  DVM  DACVS  DACVECC 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

Current techniques to measure intra-abdominal pressures in horses use metal cannulas. Concerns that the metal cannula could puncture abdominal viscera if left in place prevent continual pressure measurements. The aim of this study was to validate the use of a solid microsensor and digital monitoring system in the measurement of direct intra-abdominal pressure in horses by comparing its values with the ones simultaneously obtained by means of an intraperitoneal cannula. Ten healthy adult horses had intra-abdominal pressures measured simultaneously through an intraperitoneal cannula zeroed midway between the height of the tuber ishii and point of the shoulder and by the use of an intraperitoneal solid microsensor placed within the abdomen at the same level as the metal cannula. Three repeated intra-abdominal pressure measurements were obtained at rest, after placement of a nasogastric tube, and after placement of 5-L increments of water into the stomach, up to a total volume of 20 L of water. The difference between values obtained (after conversion) was 3.6 mm Hg. The correlation coefficient was 0.825. Direct intra-abdominal pressure monitoring with a solid microsensor allows continuous monitoring without concern for gastrointestinal perforation, is simple to use and to calibrate, and is minimally invasive.  相似文献   

Non-invasive Assessment of Firmness and NIR Sugar (TSS) Measurement in Apple, Pear and Kiwi Fruit     

Michael M. Blanke 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2013,55(1):19-24

A comparison of the non-invasive ‘intelligent firmness detector’ (IFD) with two standard destructive techniques for measuring fruit firmness of peeled fruit, viz. a hand-held (Bareiss) and the ART penetrometer, showed the least variation of the IFD or best reproducibility of SE of ?±?1–2 elasticity units with firm cv. ‘Braeburn’ apples, equivalent to conventional hand penetrometer values of ±?0.12 kg/cm². Correlations of the IFD with hand-held values ranged from r ²?=?0.47–0.54 for cv. ‘Lucas’ pear, 0.55–0.75 for stored cv. ‘Elstar’ apple to 0.68 (ART) and 0.75 (handheld penetrometer) for retail cv. ‘Hayward’ kiwi fruit. Shrivelled fruit showed larger elasticity values possibly due to the firm ridges, which develop in the peel during shrinkage of those fruit. The IFD software corrects viz. removes artificially firm values, if the pressure sensor hits the pedicel rather than the fruit. A second comparison for total soluble solids (TSS/sugar/sweetness/taste) values of the non-invasive ‘intelligent fruit analyser’ (IFA) with conventional, destructive refractometry showed a good correlation with a coefficient of determination of r ²?=?0.87 with cv. ‘Elstar’. Non-destructive IFA sugar/TSS values were within ca. 4?% of those obtained by the destructive refractometer, e.g. an accuracy of ±0.6?% sugar/TSS in apple fruit with 14–17?% sugar. The work showed that

1. non-invasive fruit firmness determination with the IFD requires only a single calibration for all fruit species and future measurements,
2. non-invasive sugar determination with the IFA requires regression curves in the grading machine for each fruit species, cultivar, provenience and year, or alternatively a large number of stored values, and
3. neither bruises nor heat damage were observed on fruit measured properly by the IFD or IFA.

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Genomic and in vitro pharmacodynamic analysis of rifampicin resistance in multidrug-resistant canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates     

Karly Hicks  Yongjun Tan  Wenqi Cao  Terri Hathcock  Dawn Boothe  Robert Kennis  Dapeng Zhang  Xu Wang  Amelia White 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(3):219-e67

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一床繁花,一场幽梦     

车晟  迟玉霞  沈妍  魏施婷  Crystal  Amelia 《百姓》2011,(8)

优质的睡眠需要一张优质松软的床来实现,花点心思,铺一床繁花似锦,让自己每晚都能像婴儿般陷入香甜的梦乡。在梦中穿过布拉格广场的许愿池,在马德里的石榴花丛中和情人诉说初恋的回忆,  相似文献   

Inheritance of shelf life and other quality traits of tomato fruit estimated from F<Subscript>1</Subscript>’s,F<Subscript>2</Subscript>’s and backcross generations derived from standard cultivar, <Emphasis Type="Italic">nor</Emphasis> homozygote and wild cherry tomato     

Gustavo Rubén Rodríguez  Guillermo Raúl Pratta  David Rodolfo Liberatti  Roxana Zorzoli  Liliana Amelia Picardi 《Euphytica》2010,176(1):137-147

A tomato cultivar with high quality fruit and a long shelf life is a main goal in tomato breeding and it would be achieved using wild germplasm. The objective of this work was to explore the inheritance for fruit quality traits, especially fruit shelf life, in three tomato crosses using a standard Argentinean cultivar (Ca, cv ‘Caimanta’), a ripening mutant (nor, homozygous for the nor gene) of Solanum lycopersicum, and a wild cherry type (Ce, LA1385 of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). The wild parent had a shorter fruit shelf life than the mutant genotype but higher than Ca. When the Ce genotype was analyzed in hybrid combination, the F₁ (Ca×Ce) was similar to the wild genotype for shelf life whereas the F₁ (nor × Ce) had a longer shelf life. Both F₁ crosses and backcrosses to the cherry type genotype had significantly lower fruit weight than the cultivated genotypes but higher than the cherry type parent. In the F₂ analysis, it was found that the inheritance underlying quality traits is complex since non allelic interactions were detected. A significant additive genetic variance was found for fruit shelf life as well as for other fruit quality traits in each cross. The genetic parameters analyzed by mean values and variances in parental, F₁ and F₂ and backcross generations indicated that the cross between the normal ripening cultivar and LA1385 of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme offers the best possibility to obtain long shelf life tomato genotypes with good fruit quality.  相似文献   

Variation in root system architecture and drought response in rice (Oryza sativa): Phenotyping of the OryzaSNP panel in rainfed lowland fields     

Amelia Henry  Veeresh R.P. GowdaRolando O. Torres  Kenneth L. McNallyRachid Serraj 《Field Crops Research》2011

Root growth at soil depths below 30 cm may provide access to critical soil water reserves during drought in rainfed lowland rice. In this study, the OryzaSNP panel, a set of 20 lines representing genetic diversity in rice used for the discovery of DNA sequence polymorphisms, was evaluated for root characteristics in the field over three seasons varying in drought severity. Root length density (RLD) at a depth of 30–45 cm varied up to 74–92% among genotypes under drought stress (2008–2009 dry seasons), ranging from 0.024 to 0.23 cm cm⁻³ in 2008 and from 0.19 to 0.81 cm cm⁻³ in 2009. Real-time monitoring of soil moisture profiles revealed significant differences among genotypes, and these differences were correlated with RLD at those soil depths. Among the lines evaluated, the Aus isozyme group, particularly the genotype Dular, showed greater drought resistance associated with deep root growth and the highest drought response index (less reduction in yield by drought stress). Since the set of genotypes used in this study has been completely sequenced for SNP markers, the phenotypic information on root growth and drought avoidance responses presented here could be used in initial analysis of the genetic basis of dehydration avoidance traits and in facilitating improvement in drought resistance in rice.  相似文献   

Idiopathic myelofibrosis accompanied by peritoneal extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as refractory ascites in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Yolandi Rautenbach  Amelia Goddard  Sarah J. Clift 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(1):46-53

A 2.5‐year‐old spayed female American Pit Bull Terrier dog presented with a primary complaint of chronic refractory ascites. The dog's CBC displayed a moderate to severe macrocytic, hypochromic, nonregenerative anemia, and a moderate leukopenia as result of a moderate neutropenia and monocytopenia. Microscopic examination of the blood smear showed marked anisocytosis, mild polychromasia, mild acanthocytosis and ovalocytosis, moderate schistocytosis and poikilocytosis, and 4 metarubricytes/100 WBC. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a homogenous, mild to moderately hyperechoic appearing liver as well as marked amounts of speckled anechoic to slightly hypoechoic peritoneal fluid. Cytology of the ascitic fluid demonstrated a sterile transudate, with evidence of a chronic inflammatory reaction as well as erythroid and myeloid precursor cells, and a few megakaryocytes with occasional micromegakaryocytes. Histologic sections of bone marrow, spleen, and liver were examined, using routine H&E stains, as well as a variety of immunohistochemistry and other special stains. Histopathology of the bone marrow and spleen revealed varying degrees of fibrosis, erythroid, and myeloid hyperplasia, as well as multiple small hyperplastic clusters of megakaryocytes. The megakaryocytes displayed many features of atypia such as increased cytoplasmic basophilia and occasional abnormal chromatin clumping with mitoses. Histopathologic examination of the liver disclosed evidence of mild extramedullary hematopoiesis. This case represents the first report of canine idiopathic myelofibrosis associated with peritoneal extramedullary hematopoiesis, resulting in refractory ascites. Although idiopathic myelofibrosis is a relatively rare condition in dogs, this case demonstrates that ascites caused by peritoneal implants of hematopoietic tissue may be the initial manifestation of myelofibrosis.  相似文献   

In vitro evaluation of square and surgeon's knots in large gauge suture          下载免费PDF全文

Alex M. Gillen  Amelia S. Munsterman  Ramsis Farag  Matthew O. D. Coleridge  R. Reid Hanson 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(2):297-305

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