3种散生竹的单根抗拉力学特性   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张云伟  惠尚  卜晓磊  尚书磊  杨承铭 《林业科学》2013,49(7)

植被在改善生态环境、减少水土流失、涵养水源、固土护坡等方面具有其他工程措施所不能替代的作用.现有研究表明,植物根系对土壤的力学作用,能够稳定土层结构、提高土壤的抗剪强度,是植被实现固土护坡的重要手段(Roering et al.,2003;李绍才等,2006;吕春娟等,2011). 林木根系的抗拉力学特性是影响根系固土护坡效果的重要因素(陈丽华等,2008).植物根系由众多单根构成,单根是发生根土力学作用的基本单元,单根的抗拉能力及抵抗形变能力决定了植株受外力时的整体形变状态及对土壤的约束能力,因此,具有较大抗拉强度的单根构成的根系将有助于土壤的稳固和增强.  相似文献   

基于超级电容—液钒电池平滑直驱风电系统出力     

布赫 《农村电气化》2019,(9):67-72

风电作为环境友好型电源在电网中的渗透率不断增大,其输出功率的波动性和间歇性对电力系统电能质量及其运行稳定性将产生重大影响;同时,电网故障也会给风电系统带来一系列的暂态过程。文章将高压大功率三电平变换器应用到直驱风电系统,为了抑制风电机组输出功率波动及电网故障对风电的不利影响,本文针对储能型并网永磁直驱风力发电系统的运行特点,提出了一种可行的综合控制策略,在风电机组输出功率较为平滑的同时,还具有较强的低电压穿越能力,使风电系统在电网故障时能保持正常运行。仿真结果很好地验证了所提出的控制策略的正确性和有效性。  相似文献   

Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on root-hair growth and hormone levels of taproot and lateral roots in trifoliate orange under drought stress     

Fei Zhang  Peng Wang  Ying-Ning Zou  Kamil Kuča 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(9):1316-1330

A pot experiment was used to evaluate the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae on plant growth performance, root-hair growth, and root hormone levels in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS). A 9-week mild DS treatment significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization of 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots. Root mycorrhizal colonization was relatively higher in the 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots than in the taproot and the 1st-order lateral root under WW and DS. AMF seedlings exhibited significantly higher root-hair density, length (except for the taproot) and diameter in taproot and 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order lateral roots under WW, and considerably higher root-hair density (except for 1st-order lateral root), length (except for 2nd-order lateral root) and diameter under DS. Mycorrhizal inoculation remarkably increased root abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), methyl jasmonate, and brassinosteroids (BRs) concentrations under DS, in company with the decrease in root zeatin riboside and gibberellins levels and root IAA effluxes. Root-hair traits were significantly positively correlated with root colonization and root ABA and BRs levels. It is concluded that mycorrhizal plants possessed better root-hair growth to adapt mild DS, which is associated with mycorrhizal colonization and endogenous hormone changes.  相似文献   

宁夏南部黄土丘陵区退化天然草地改良效果综合评价     

刘库  谢应忠  马红彬 《水土保持研究》2008,15(1):139-141

采用多层次模糊综合评判法,综合分析宁夏南部黄土丘陵区不同改良措施下的改良效果,结果表明:"88542"整地 播种综合评判值最高,达到5.918 8,改良效果最好,施肥和封育的综合评判值其次,带状翻耕 播种的综合评判值最低,仅为2.775 0,远低于对照.  相似文献   

麦后直播和裸苗移栽早熟棉生长动态差异性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

辛婉婉 《中国棉花》2014,(1):20-23

2009-2010年在大田条件下研究了相同种植密度（9．00万株·hm^（-2））下早熟棉品种中棉所50在麦后直播和麦后裸苗移栽2种种植方式的营养与生殖生长动态。结果表明，麦后直播早熟棉9月下旬的单株根干物质质量明显低于麦后移栽棉，但地上部（茎和叶）干物质质量、叶面积及叶面积系数却明显高于麦后移栽早熟棉；并且，麦后直播早熟棉在8月中下旬的蕾数、9月下旬的铃数显著高于麦后移栽棉。这表明麦后直播棉在中后期的地上部营养生长和生殖生长仍然旺盛，导致其霜前子棉率低，总子棉产量显著低于麦后移栽棉。  相似文献   

江苏省丰县苹果生产绿色防控现状调查与分析     

王玮  王胜永  李德海  李月刚  卜庆魏  渠慎春 《农学学报》2021,11(10):41-47

为了解2017—2018年丰县地区苹果生产及绿色防控现状,在丰县梁寨、师寨、大沙河以及宋楼4个镇的13个苹果种植村,调研农户的基本信息、生产经营情况以及果园病虫害防治及管理情况。调查结果表明,丰县地区的苹果种植户主要负责人多为男性,且年龄整体偏大,总体文化水平较低,其中同时具备党员或村干部资质的人数较少;在气候正常年份（2017年）,丰县地区苹果平均产量可达到 29178.6 kg/hm²,平均售价2.4元/kg,平均收入73608元/hm²;而在遭遇极端气候影响的年份（2018年）,苹果的产量锐减50%以上,平均售价上涨约1.8倍,但农户总体收入减少;农药与肥料的投入是生产资料成本的最重要构成部分,均占到总投入的40%左右,其构成比重受生产资料成本波动的影响较小;现阶段丰县地区苹果园中最高发的病害为斑点落叶病、轮纹病,腐烂病以及炭疽病也有一定程度危害,高发的虫害为梨小食心虫、绣线菊蚜、山楂叶螨以及绿盲蝽;针对病虫害,所有苹果种植户均采用化学防治的方法,而使用农业防治、物理防治以及生物防治措施进行综合防治的农户比例不高;大部分种植户喷药次数集中在9~12次/年,首次喷药时间集中在3月末4月初,末次喷药时间各有不同;农资店为种植户农药的主要购买渠道,且大部分种植户选择由农资店代为配制,其中过半数的种植户选择根据当年各自果园中的情况喷施;丰县地区苹果喷药机械化程度较高,目前小型全自动化机动式喷雾器覆盖率已超过80%。  相似文献   

腐霉枯萎病菌毒素在坪草抗病性筛选中的应用研究   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

杨亚君  陶晡  李川  边秀举  张金林 《草业学报》2008,17(3):93-98

为了快速鉴定坪草的抗病性,本研究利用坪草腐霉枯萎病菌毒素对坪草进行了抗病性鉴定。根、茎抑制率试验表明,多年生黑麦草中英斯派对该毒素的敏感性最强,10倍液对其根、茎抑制率分别为46.3%和86.1%。而草地早熟禾的抗性最强,其中阔雅对该毒素的敏感性最低,10倍液对根、茎抑制率分别为5.5%和30.1%。活体、离体生物测定结果表明草地早熟禾对腐霉病抗性最强,表现为1级,属于抗性品系,其次为高羊茅,为2~3级,匍匐剪股颖为3级,属于敏感品系,多年生黑麦草为3~4级,属于较敏感品系,综合评定阔雅和英斯派分别为抗病和感病品种。对抗、感品种进行防御酶类(SOD、POD、CAT)比活变化测定,结果显示,阔雅出现活性峰的时间要比英斯派早12~36 h,而且阔雅细胞内SOD、POD、CAT的比活分别比英斯派高38.8%,59.1%和89.5%。  相似文献   

我国家禽细菌病的新挑战及其对策   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

徐步 《中国家禽》2008,30(13)

家禽对细菌性疾病主要有24种(类),到目前为止,我国其中绝大多数都有病例报道.在以往的认识和实践中,对家禽细菌性疾病的控制包括预防和治疗,依靠药物比较容易着手而且效果显著,这一点也曾是家禽病毒性感染防制工作无法比拟的优越之处.然而,近几年来,这一优势已快丧失殆尽,实际情况发生了很大的变化,预防和控制家禽细菌性疾病工作面临着较大的挑战.  相似文献   

Evaluation of high nutrient diets and additional dextrose on reproductive performance and litter performance of heat‐stressed lactating sows     

KwangYeol Kim  YoHan Choi  Abdolreza Hosseindoust  MinJu Kim  SungJun Hwang  MinSu Bu  JunHyung Lee  YoungHwa Kim  Byung‐Jo Chae 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(9):1212-1219

This study investigated the litter performance of lactating sows fed nutrient‐dense diets with or without dextrose at farrowing to weaning, during the summer with an average room temperature of 28.4°C. A total of 60 (13 first parity, 13 second parity, 19 third parity, and 15 forth parity) cross‐bred sows were assigned to three treatments. The three treatments were: standard diet (ST), high nutrient diet (HN; ST + 3% higher energy and 18.0% protein), and high nutrient diet plus dextrose (HND; 3% higher energy, 18.0% protein, and 5% dextrose). BW loss was reduced in the HND sows compared with the ST sows during lactation. The HN and HND sows had a higher piglet and litter weight at weaning. Also, the HND sows had the highest post‐prandial insulin levels at weaning and the shortest weaning‐to‐service interval (WSI). Serum LH was higher in the HND sows than the ST sows. The milk fat level was higher in the HND sows compared with the ST sows, but similar to the HN sows. In conclusion, these results suggest that it is possible to increase the blood insulin response by supplementing dextrose to a high nutrient diet, thus, improving WSI interval and litter growth during heat stress.  相似文献   

Plasma haptoglobin and immunoglobulins as diagnostic indicators of deoxynivalenol intoxication     

Eun-Joo Kim  Sang-Hee Jeong  Joon-Hyoung Cho  Hyun-Ok Ku  Hyun-Mi Pyo  Hwan-Goo Kang  Kyoung-Ho Choi 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(3):257-266

This study aimed to discover potential biomarkers for dioxynivalenol (DON) intoxication. B6C3F1 male mice were orally exposed to 0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) DON for 8 days and the differential protein expressions in their blood plasma were determined by SELDI - Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (TOF/MS) and the immunoglobulins (Igs) G, A, M and E in the serum were investigated. 11.7 kDa protein was significantly highly expressed according to DON administration and this protein was purified by employing a methyl ceramic HyperD F column with using optimization buffer for adsorption and desorption. The purified protein was identified as a haptoglobin precursor by peptide mapping with using LC/Q-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS and this was confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. IgG and IgM in serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner and IgA was decreased at 7.5 mg/kg bw DON administration, but the IgE level was not changed. To compare the expressions of haptoglobin and the Igs patterns between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and DON intoxications, rats were orally administered with AFB1 1.0, ZEA 240 and DON 7.5 mg/kg bw for 8 days. Haptoglobin was increased only at DON 7.5 mg/kg bw, while it was slightly decreased at ZEA 240 mg/kg bw and it was not detected at all at AFB1 1.0 mg/kg bw. IgG and IgA were decreased by DON, but IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were all increased by AFB1. No changes were observed by ZEA administration. These results show that plasma haptoglobin could be a diagnostic biomarker for DON intoxication when this is combined with examining the serum Igs.  相似文献