Associations of simple sequence repeats with quantitative trait variation including biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in Hordeum spontaneum   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. Ivandic    W. T. B. Thomas    E. Nevo    Z. Zhang  B. P. Forster 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(4):300-304

A total of 33 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) was analyzed in 52 genotypes of Hordeum spontaneum originally collected from two different soil types (Terra rossa and Basalt) at Tabigha in Israel. Data on the performance of developmental, morphological, and yield‐related traits under well‐watered control and water‐stress conditions were available from previous experimentation, and powdery mildew susceptibility was scored. Regression analyses based on SSR allele class differences were performed. Highly significant associations were detected at the SSR loci Bmac181 (on chromosome 4H) and Bmac316 (6H) for water ‐stress tolerance and powdery mildew resistance, respectively. The study shows that association mapping using SSRs and genetically diverse germplasm provides an effective means of relating genotypes to complex quantitative phenotypes.  相似文献   

Mutation genetics of salt tolerance in barley: An assessment of Golden Promise and other semi-dwarf mutants     

Brian P. Forster 《Euphytica》2001,120(3):317-328

A review of research at the Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI) on the effects of semi-dwarfing genes on salt tolerance in barley is given. Work began in1993 with the fortuitous and unexpected result that the cultivar ‘Golden Promise’ showed considerable tolerance to salt. Golden Promise is a gamma-ray induced semi-dwarf mutant of the cultivar ‘Maythorpe’. The parent and mutant cultivars are presumed to be isogenic, but show significant differences in their responses to salt stress. The positive and pleiotropic effects of the mutant gene, commonly known as GPert were found to be effective in a number of genetic backgrounds. Earlier, in 1991 Frackowiak showed that the GPert mutation was allelic to the ari-e mutants in barley. The ari-emutants were salt tested and found to show the same positive responses to salt stress as Golden Promise. This supported the allelism tests, and consequently the GPert symbol was changed to ari-e.GP. The semi-dwarf mutant sdw1 (also known as denso) and the erectoides semi-dwarf mutant,ert-k ³² were also tested for their effects on tolerance to salt, but did not show any positive effects. Salt tolerance was therefore not a general phenomenon of semi-dwarf stature but specific to mutations at the Ari-e locus in these lines. Genetic markers (RAPDs, AFLPs and SSRs) have been used for fingerprinting, genetic mapping, and QTL analysis. The markers have helped 1) confirm the isogenic relationship between Maythorpe and Golden Promise, 2)clarify the confusion over the pedigree of Golden Promise, and 3) genetically map the ari-e.GPlocus and examine its pleiotropic effects. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Bulked AFLP analysis for the assessment of genetic diversity in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)     

R. Kölliker  E.S. Jones  M.Z.Z. Jahufer  J.W. Forster 《Euphytica》2001,121(3):305-315

The use of bulked leaf samples from individual plants for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was evaluated as a tool for assessment of genetic diversity in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Bulking of leaf samples produced slightly simpler AFLP profiles compared to the combined profiles of individual plants from the same cultivar. Approximately 90% of bands which were present in individual plants were present in bulked samples of the same cultivar. The majority of those absent were rare bands, shared by less than 25% of individual plants. Replicate bulk samples gave almost identical banding patterns, demonstrating the robustness of the bulked AFLP technique. Cluster analysis of AFLP data derived from individual plants resulted in a phenogram similar to that produced from data derived from bulked samples of the same plants. AFLP analysis of bulked samples detected significant amounts of genetic variability among 52 cultivars and accessions with genetic similarity values ranging from 0.42 to 0.92. However, cluster analysis of AFLP data only partially reflected the geographic origin of cultivars and accessions and was not congruent with cluster analysis based on variation for morphophysiological characters. Bulked AFLP analysis provides a powerful tool for rapid assessment of genetic variability in white clover and may also be used for cultivar identification. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity within and between populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)     

K.M. Guthridge  M.P. Dupal  R. K?lliker  E.S. Jones  K.F. Smith  J.W. Forster 《Euphytica》2001,122(1):191-201

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis has been used to measure genetic diversity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and to relate intra- and interpopulation variation to breeding history. Cluster analysis of AFLP data from contrasting populations showed features consistent with the origins of these varieties. Significant differences in intrapopulation diversity were detected and partial separation of different cultivars was observed. Restricted base cultivars, derived from small numbers of foundation clones, were suitable for this type of study, allowing near complete discrimination of closely related cultivars. Analysis of bulked samples was based on the pooling of genomic DNA from 20 individuals from 6 selected populations. Cluster analysis of AFLP data from bulked samples produced a phenogram showing relationships consistent with the results of individual analysis. AFLP profiling provides an important tool for the detection and quantification of genetic variation in perennial ryegrass. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Scientists' freedom to travel     

Kleinzeller A  Brobeck J  Forster RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,204(4400):1366

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Phosphorus Status of a Soil Catena under Liberian Evergreen Rain Forest: Results of 31P NMR Spectroscopy and Phosphorus Adsorption Experiments     

Jürgen C. Forster  Wolfgang Zech 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1993,156(1):61-66

Phosphorus NMR spectra were recorded of the A horizons of a soil catena under vital stands of Liberian tropical high forest. Organic P compounds play a major part in the total P reserves (ca. 1/2 of total extractable P which is 1/5 of total soil P). Thereof, between 3.3 and 5.3 kg orthophosphate diester P per hectare participate in the plant available nutrient pool; similar amounts were calculated for the calcium acetate-lactate soluble fraction. Persistent orthophosphate monoester P makes up an even greater percentage of soil P (10 to 25 kg ha^?1). Mineral fertilizer requirements are in the range of 25 to 50 kg per hectare for 10 cm depth (based on a 48 hrs. adsorption experiment) when a soil solution concentration of 0.02 mg L^?1 is considered adequate for the P supply of plants. P sorption can be explained by the amorphous fractions of Al and Fe hydroxides and the percentage of clay. The apparent vitality and absence of P deficiency symptoms of forest trees suggest the existence of an intact, however delicate, natural P cycle.  相似文献   

Note on the methods for determination of chromic oxide in shrimp feeds.     

S Divakaran  Leonard G Obaldo  Ian P Forster 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(3):464-467

Chromic oxide is used as an inert marker to measure apparent digestibility of feeds in insects, terrestrial, and aquatic animals. Quantitative determination of chromic oxide content in the sample requires the oxidation of water insoluble trivalent chromic oxide to its water-soluble hexavalent form. The two commonly used oxidizing agents are 70% perchloric acid or a mixture of sodium molybdate, sulfuric, and perchloric acid. Chromic oxide content of the oxidized solution is then measured against known standards either directly by spectrophotometry in the visible range at 350, 370, or 440 nm or after forming a colored complex with diphenylcarbazide (DPC) by colorimetry at 540 nm. This study compared the two methods of oxidation followed by spectrophotometry at the three wavelengths and by DPC colorimetry. DPC colorimetry gave precise results than the direct measurement of dichromate ion, irrespective of the method of oxidation used. Ash from samples oxidized by perchloric acid and quantified by DPC colorimetry gave a better measure of actual chromic oxide content as compared to the other methods tested.  相似文献   

Feed intake, digestion and digesta characteristics of cattle fed Bermudagrass or orchardgrass alone or with ground barley or corn     

A C Brake  A L Goetsch  L A Forster  K M Landis 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(12):3425-3436

Feed intake, digestion and digesta characteristics of cattle fed bermudagrass (BG) or orchardgrass (OG) alone or with supplemental ground corn or barley were determined in two 6 x 6 latin squares with 2 x 3 factorial treatment arrangements. In Exp. 1, beef cows (Hereford, Angus and Hereford-Angus; 452 kg) cannulated in the rumen and duodenum were fed BG (7.9% CP, 79% NDF and 8.7% ADL) or OG (9.8% CP, 79% NDF and 7.2% ADL) hays at 1.2% of BW per day either alone or with added ground barley (.64% BW) or ground corn (.60% BW daily). The increase in microbial OM flow with corn was greater for OG than for BG; corn elevated microbial OM flow more than did barley with OG but less than with BG (forage type x grain source interaction; P less than .10). The increase in total tract OM digestion with grain was greater for BG than for OG (supplementation effect and forage type x supplementation interaction; P less than 05). In Exp. 2, Holstein steers (228 kg) were fed BG and OG hays ad libitum either alone or with addition of either 1.07% of BW per day of barley or 1.00% BW of corn. Total DM intake was 2.19, 3.03 and 2.82% BW for BG and 2.14, 2.80 and 2.52% BW for OG alone or with barley or corn supplements, respectively, being affected by forage type, grain supplementation, grain type and a forage type x grain supplementation interaction (P less than .05). Organic matter digested daily (g/d) was higher for OG than for BG, higher with than without grain and higher for barley than for corn (P less than .05).  相似文献   

Veterinary-Clientele Relations          下载免费PDF全文

Brian M. Forster 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1959,23(4):132-134

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Immunoglobulin E-bearing cells and mast cells in skin biopsies of horses with urticaria     

Rüfenacht S  Marti E  von Tscharner C  Doherr MG  Forster U  Welle M  Roosje PJ 《Veterinary dermatology》2005,16(2):94-101

The pathogenesis of equine urticaria is not well understood. In man, urticaria has been associated with immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms leading to the release of various mediators by mast cells. Skin biopsies of 32 horses with a history of urticaria were stained with toluidine blue, a double-labelling method for chymase and tryptase, and immunohistochemistry for immunoglobulin (Ig)E. These horses were compared with horses with pemphigus foliaceus, insect bite hypersensitivity and control horses with healthy skin. Neither formalin fixation time nor biopsy site influenced the staining methods. No chymase-positive cells were found. In all groups of horses, cells staining with toluidine blue and for tryptase and IgE were found in the epidermis and hair follicle papilla and significantly more positively staining cells were observed in the subepidermal dermis compared with the deep dermis. Horses with urticaria had significantly more IgE-bearing cells in the subepidermal dermis than control horses. However, horses with urticaria had significantly fewer toluidine-blue-stained mast cells in both subepidermal and deep dermis compared with the insect bite hypersensitivity and pemphigus foliaceus groups. This study suggests that IgE-mediated reactions play a role in the pathogenesis of urticaria.  相似文献