Esters from Bacterial Oxidation of Olefins     

Stewart JE  Finnerty WR  Kallio RE  Stevenson DP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,132(3435):1254

Identification of esters isolated from culture fluids of bacteria growing upon terminal olefins indicates that bacteria oxidize olefins at the saturated methyl group, leaving the double bond intact. The yeast Candida lipolytica produces alpha-glycols from olefins, presumably by attacking the double bond.  相似文献   

Influence of Cognettia sphagnetorum (Enchytraeidae) on birch growth and microbial activity, composition and biomass in soil with or without wood ash     

Mira Liiri  Heikki Setälä  Jari Haimi  Taina Pennanen  Hannu Fritze 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2001,34(3):185-195

In this laboratory study using microcosms with seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula), we explored whether Cognettia sphagnetorum (Enchytraeidae) can retain its important role of accelerating decomposition processes in soils and stimulating primary production under disturbance. We established systems with or without wood ash amendment (first-order disturbance) in the soil, either in the presence or absence of C. sphagnetorum. To test whether the systems treated with wood ash are more sensitive to an additional disturbance than the ash-free systems, the microcosms were later on disturbed by drought. To determine the influence of two disturbances on the enchytraeids and populations of other fauna, and the possible changes in the system functioning, measurements were made of the growth of birch seedlings, foliar N concentration, composition and biomass of soil microbial communities and leaching of N and dissolved organic carbon from the microcosms. Both wood ash application and drought exerted a clear negative influence on the populations of C. sphagnetorum. However, populations of this species were very resilient and recovered rapidly after drought in the ash-free soils. In the ash-free soils C. sphagnetorum tended to improve birch growth, increased the N content of the birch leaves, and decreased the root to shoot ratio. However, in the ash-treated soils enchytraeids had negative effects on these parameters. C. sphagnetorum impacted on neither N and C leaching nor soil microbes, whereas wood ash decreased microbial biomasses and changed their community structure (as determined by phospholipid fatty acids method and denaturing gel electrophoresis) and substrate utilisation potential (Biolog method). It was concluded that C. sphagnetorum can retain its influential role under varying environmental conditions, but that the stimulating or retarding effects of this species on system functioning can be context dependent.  相似文献   

Determination of semivolatile compounds in Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) by supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry     

Aro T  Brede C  Manninen P  Kallio H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(7):1970-1975

The on-line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-gas chromatography method was applied to the determination of volatile compounds of raw and baked Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras). The analytes were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide at 45 degrees C and 10 MPa pressure. After extraction, the volatiles and coeluted lipids were separated on-line using supercritical fluid chromatography and the volatile fraction was introduced directly into a gas chromatograph. In all, 30 compounds were identified from fish samples with mass spectrometry. The most abundant compounds in the fresh Baltic herrings were heptadecane and 1-heptadecene. When the fish were stored for 3-6 days at 6 degrees C, the total peak area of the volatiles began to increase and the proportions of short chain acids (acetic, propanoic, 2-methylpropanoic, and 3-methylbutanoic) also increased. After 8-9 days of storage, 3-methylbutanoic acid comprised about 36 and 40% of all volatiles in raw and baked herring, respectively.  相似文献   

Basic composition and amino acid contents of mushrooms cultivated in Finland     

Mattila P  Salo-Väänänen P  Könkö K  Aro H  Jalava T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(22):6419-6422

The basic composition (moisture, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fat, ash, nitrogen, and protein) and amino acid contents were determined in the cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus/white, Agaricus bisporus/brown, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were calculated for each species by dividing the sums of amino acid residues with total (Kjeldahl) nitrogen contents. The dry matter contents of mushrooms varied from 7.7% to 8.4%. The dry matter of mushrooms contained large amounts of carbohydrates, from 4.5 (A. bisporus/white) to 5.8 g/100 g fresh weight (L. edodes). L. edodes proved to be an especially good source of dietary fiber (3.3 g/100 g fresh weight); the other mushrooms contained 1.5-2.4 g/100 g fresh weight. Crude fat, ash, and protein (based on amino acid analysis) contents of the mushrooms varied 0.31-0.35, 0.49-0.78, and 1.8-2.09 g/100 g fresh weight, respectively. Mushrooms proved to be good sources of almost all essential amino acids when compared with common vegetables. The mean nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor analyzed in the present study was 4.7 +/- 0.21. When using this factor, a very good estimation of protein contents could be obtained for the main species of mushrooms cultivated in Finland.  相似文献   

The characterisation of oat lipids produced by supercritical fluid technologies     

Heikki Aro  Eila Järvenpää  Karoliina Könkö  Rainer Huopalahti  Veli Hietaniemi 《Journal of Cereal Science》2007

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Krantz: A Russet cultivar for the irrigated sands     

F. Lauer  J. C. Miller  N. Andersen  E. Banttari  A. Kallio  S. Munson  P. Orr  D. Preston  D. G. Smallwood  J. Sowokinos  G. Titrud  R. Wenkel  J. Wiersma  D. Wildung 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(7):387-391

Krantz is an oblong to slightly blocky, russet-skinned potato cultivar with medium-late maturity and a vigorous vine. It is resistant to hollow heart, has high resistance to common scab and possesses high field resistance to late blight. It is moderately resistant toVerticillium wilt, susceptible to early blight, viruses S and X, and exhibits symptoms of bacterial ring rot. Krantz is adapted to the irrigated sands, but will growth crack in heavier soils.  相似文献   

Knik,A new potato variety for Alaska     

C. H. Dearborn  M. F. Babb  Arvo Kallio 《American Journal of Potato Research》1953,30(6):148-149

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Preclinical evaluation of rapeseed, raspberry, and pine bark phenolics for health related effects     

Vuorela S  Kreander K  Karonen M  Nieminen R  Hämäläinen M  Galkin A  Laitinen L  Salminen JP  Moilanen E  Pihlaja K  Vuorela H  Vuorela P  Heinonen M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):5922-5931

Rapeseed, raspberry, and pine bark are promising bioactive sources of plant phenolics selected from among ca. 100 previously screened plant materials for in vitro preclinical evaluation of health related effects. Phenolic extracts and isolated fractions of the selected materials were investigated for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antimutagenic properties as well as for cell permeability. It was shown that rapeseed and pine bark phenolics and raspberry anthocyanins were good or excellent antioxidants toward oxidation of phosphatidylcholine membrane (liposomes), rapeseed oil (crude) phenolics were effective radical scavengers (DPPH test), and both raspberry and pine bark phenolics inhibited LDL oxidation. Rapeseed oil phenolics, principally vinylsyringol, raspberry anthocyanins, and pinoresinol and matairesinol, the principal components of pine bark phenolic isolate, were effective against formation of the proinflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E(2). Raspberry ellagitannins inhibited the growth of Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella oxytoca. Pine bark and rapeseed had minor effects on the permeability of model drugs in Caco-2 experiments. None of the tested extracts were mutagenic nor toxic to Caco-2 cells or macrophages. Thus, phenolic isolates from rapeseed, raspberry, and pine bark and are safe and bioactive for possible food applications including functional foods intended for health benefit.  相似文献   

Effects of different origins and harvesting time on vitamin C,tocopherols, and tocotrienols in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) berries     

Kallio H  Yang B  Peippo P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):6136-6142

Vitamin C, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in berries of wild and cultivated sea buckthorn (Hippopha? rhamnoides L.) of different origins and harvesting dates were determined with HPLC. Wild berries of subsp. sinensis, native to China, contained 5-10 times more vitamin C in the juice fraction than the berries of subsp. rhamnoides from Europe and subsp. mongolica from Russia (4-13 vs 0.02-2 g/L juice). Genetic background and berry-harvesting date were two primary factors determining the vitamin C content in the berries. Crossing different subspecies influenced the vitamin C content to some extent. For bushes cultivated in southwest Finland, the best berry-harvesting date for high vitamin C content was the end of August. The seeds of subsp. sinensis contained less tocopherols and tocotrienols (average 130 mg/kg) compared with seeds of subsp. rhamnoides (average 290 mg/kg) and mongolica (average 250 mg/kg). The fruit flesh of sinensis berries had contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols 2-3 times higher than those found in the other two subspecies (120 mg/kg vs 40 mg/kg in rhamnoides and 50 mg/kg in mongolica). The fresh whole berries of subsp. sinensis were clearly the best source of total tocopherols and tocotrienols. The total content of tocopherols and tocotrienols in the soft parts of the berries reached the maximum level around early- to mid-September, whereas the content in seeds continued to increase until the end of November. The excellent combination of the highest content of vitamin C and tocopherols and tocotrienols makes the berries of subsp. sinensis an optimal raw material for nutritional investigation as a candidate for functional foods with special antioxidative properties.  相似文献   

Compositional differences of phenolic compounds between black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars and their response to latitude and weather conditions     

Zheng J  Yang B  Ruusunen V  Laaksonen O  Tahvonen R  Hellsten J  Kallio H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(26):6581-6593

Phenolic compounds in black currants of three Finnish cultivars and their response to growth latitude and weather conditions were analyzed over a six-year period. 'Melalahti' had lower contents of total phenolic compounds (31.4% and 29.2% lower than 'Mortti' and 'Ola', respectively), total anthocyanins (32.6% and 30.5%), and total hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (23.1% and 23.8%) (p < 0.05) and was less affected by growth latitude and weather conditions than 'Mortti' and 'Ola'. However, all the cultivars grown at higher latitude (66°34' N) had lower contents of total flavonols, total anthocyanins, and total phenolic compounds than those grown at lower latitude (60°23' N) (p < 0.05). The content of total hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates did not vary in 'Melalahti' (p > 0.05) but increased as the latitude increased in 'Mortti' and 'Ola' (p < 0.05). Temperature and radiation were the major weather variables influencing the composition of phenolic compounds. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, and myricetin-3-O-glucoside content showed positive correlations with temperature and radiation in all three cultivars. The study gives important guidelines for the selection of raw materials and growth sites as well as for the berry cultivation for commercial exploitation of black currant berries.  相似文献