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61.
Carmen del Castillo Thierry Winkel Grégory Mahy Jean-Philippe Bizoux 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):897-905
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal originated from the Andes important for small farmers’ food security as well as for commercial
production. Recently, it has been claimed that in Bolivia genetic erosion could result from the marginalization of the crop
in the north and from its commercial standardization in the south. The aim of this study was to quantify the hierarchical
structure of the genetic variation present in eight quinoa field populations, consisting of cultivated and weedy individuals,
representative of the altiplano and interandean valleys of Bolivia. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers show that quinoa
has a strong population structure and a high intra-population variation. An effect of geographical structure of the populations
was highlighted, due to population isolation, not simply linked to distance but more probably to climatic and orographic barriers
present in the studied zone. The population structure is also reinforced by the limited seed exchanges among farmers as revealed
by field interviews. This population structure appears related to three major biogeographic zones: the northern and central
altiplano, the interandean valley, and the southern Salar. Intrapopulation genetic diversity was higher than that expected
for a mainly autogamous species, and higher than that reported in anterior studies based on germplasm collections. These results
are commented in view of current knowledge on phylogeny and reproductive biology of the species, and their implications regarding
genetic resources management are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Kenneth D Newman Denis Harvey Jean-Philippe Roy 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2008,24(2):359-82, viii
To reduce the potential drawbacks associated with laparotomy techniques for correction and fixation of left displaced abomasums (LDA), minimally invasive techniques have been developed. This chapter reviews the toggle pin suture (TPS) and the laparoscopic abomasopexy procedures used in the field for correction and fixation of the abomasum for correction of left-displacement of the abomasum in dairy cows. The importance of case selection cannot be overestimated. By combining laparoscopy with the principle of the TPS procedure, the lack of visual control associated with the TPS procedure is eliminated, while the advantage of the speed of completion and minimal invasiveness provided by both procedures are maintained. Successful LDA treatment includes not only early detection and treatment of the LDA, but also the prevention of secondary ketosis and aggressive treatment of concurrent disease. 相似文献
63.
Stéphane Couturier Jean-Philippe Gastellu-Etchegorry Pavka Patiño Emmanuel Martin 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Ambiguity between forest types on remote-sensing imagery is a major cause of errors found in accuracy assessments of forest inventory maps. This paper presents a methodology, based on forest plot inventory, ground measurements and simulated imagery, for systematically quantifying these ambiguities in the sense of the minimum distance (MD), maximum likelihood (ML), and frequency-based (FB) classifiers. The method is tested with multi-spectral IKONOS images acquired on areas containing six major communities (oak, pine, fir, primary and secondary high tropical forests, and avocado plantation) of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) map in Mexico. A structural record of the canopy and optical measurements (leaf area index and soil reflectance) were performed on one plot of each class. Intra-class signal variation was modelled using the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) simulator of remote-sensing images. Atmospheric conditions were inferred from ground measurements on reference surfaces and leaf optical properties of each forest type were derived from the IKONOS forest signal. Next, all forest types were simulated, using a common environmental configuration, in order to quantify similarity among all forest types, according to MD, ML and FB classifiers. Classes were considered ambiguous when their dissimilarity was smaller than intra-class signal variation. 相似文献
64.
Bursztyka J Debrauwer L Perdu E Jouanin I Jaeg JP Cravedi JP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4832-4839
Vinclozolin is a dicarboxymide fungicide that presents antiandrogenic properties through its two hydrolysis products M1 and M2, which bind to the androgen receptor. Because of the lack of data on the biotransformation of vinclozolin, its metabolism was investigated in vitro in precision-cut rat liver slices and in vivo in male rat using [ (14)C]-vinclozolin. Incubations were performed using different concentrations of substrate, and the kinetics of formation of the major metabolites were studied. Three male Wistar rats were fed by gavage with [ (14)C]-VZ. Urine was collected for 24 h and analyzed by radio-HPLC for metabolic profiling. Metabolite identification was carried out on a LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer. In rat liver slices and in vivo, the major primary metabolite has been identified as 3',5'-dichloro-2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-methylbutyranilide (M5) and was mainly present as glucuronoconjugates. M5 is produced by dihydroxylation of the vinyl group of M2. Other metabolites have been identified as 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione (M4), a dihydroxylated metabolite of vinclozolin, which undergoes further conjugation to glucuronic acid, and 2-[[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-butanoic acid (M6), a dihydroxylated metabolite of M1. 相似文献
65.
66.
Mintiens K Verloo D Venot E Laevens H Dufey J Dewulf J Boelaert F Kerkhofs P Koenen F 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,70(3-4):211-222
A report of the Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare of the European Commission (CEC, 1999.) includes recommendations for setting up monitoring programmes for classical swine fever (CSF) infection in a wild-boar population, based on the assumption that one would detect at least 5% prevalence in a CSF-infected wild-boar population. This assumption, however, is not science based. We propose an alternative method to provide evidence for a wild-boar population being free of CSF and evaluate the efficiency of a surveillance programme that was implemented in Belgium in 1998.
In our study, the probability of freedom of CSF-virus was estimated based on 789 samples; these were collected from wild-boars within the surveillance programme (within the three provinces which include 95% of the Belgian wild-boar population) and examined by three diagnostics methods (antibody detection, virus detection and virus RNA detection). A Bayesian framework was used for the estimation, accounting for the diagnostic test characteristics without the assumption of the presence of a gold standard. The median probability of freedom of CSF-virus was estimated at 0.970, with a 95% credibility interval of 0.149–1.000. Independent on the choice of the prior information, the posterior distributions for the probability of freedom of CSF-virus were always skewed close to the upper boundary of 1. This represents a big gain of knowledge since we did not use any prior information for the probability of freedom of CSF-virus and took the uncertainty about the accuracy of the diagnostic methods into account. 相似文献
67.
Effect of precalving intramammary treatment with pirlimycin in nulliparous Holstein heifers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jean-Philippe Roy Denis Du Tremblay Luc DesCteaux Serge Messier Daniel Scholl mile Bouchard 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2007,71(4):283-291
A clinical trial was conducted to determine whether prepartum intramammary pirlimycin reduces the proportion of nulliparous heifers with intramammary infection (IMI) during early lactation and improves milk production. Quarter milk samples were collected from 428 heifers, systematically allocated to treatment and control groups, 6 to 12 d before the expected calving date and 2 to 8 d after calving. At the prepartum visit, heifers in the treatment group (n = 219) received an infusion of pirlimycin hydrochloride in all 4 quarters; the control heifers (n = 209) received no infusions. Intramammary infection was detected in 69% of the heifers and 33% of the quarters before calving. After calving, the proportion of treated heifers with IMI was significantly lower than the proportion of control heifers (31% versus 45%). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 10% of the heifers and 3% of the quarters before calving. After calving, the proportion of IMIs due to S. aureus was significantly lower in the treated heifers than in the control heifers (5.6% versus 10%). Antibiotic treatment increased the percentage of cures and prevented new IMIs caused by gram-positive bacteria after calving. The incidence of new IMIs caused by gram-negative bacteria and yeast was higher among treated heifers than among control heifers. There was no overall effect of treatment on milk production, but there was a significant interaction effect of treatment and the interval between treatment and calving. An increase of 302 kg of milk was observed when antibiotic treatment was applied more than 1 wk before calving. Treatment did not affect the milk somatic cell count on the 1st 3 test days after calving. 相似文献
68.
Relationship between biochemical markers and radiographic scores in the evaluation of the osteoarticular status of Warmblood stallions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Denis Verwilghen Valeria Busoni Monika Gangl Thierry Franck Jean-Philippe Lejeune Laurent Vanderheyden Johann Detilleux Sigrid Grulke Michelle Deberg Yves Henrotin Didier Serteyn 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):319-328
Establishing the osteoarticular status of the horse is often performed by means of radiological screening of the animals. Widespread blood sampling could reveal to be an interesting alternative to this procedure which is time consuming and sometimes technically difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the radiological status of the horses and the levels of biochemical markers of cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. A specific radiological scoring and classification system was therefore developed and applied on 63 stallions presented for studbook admission. Additionally, groups of horses were established according to the occurrence of osteochondrosis, degenerative joint disease and distal interphalangeal joint effusion. Insulin growth factor-I, myeloperoxidases, Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO2 were used as blood markers. The combination of the blood parameters did not seem to correlate with the used scoring system. Coll2-1NO2 levels however tended to increase with poorer radiological class and this could therefore potentially be a useful predictor of the osteoarticular status in the horse. Coll2-1 levels were significantly higher in the degenerative joint disease group. A high percentage of horses with distal interphalangeal joint effusion was present in this study and was associated with decreased IGF-I and increased Coll2-1 levels. 相似文献