Success of nursing ide (Leuciscus idus, L.) fry related to the period of feeding with live food     

Jitka Hamáčková  Andrea Lepičová  Miroslav Prokeš  Pavel Lepič  Pavel Kozák  Tomáš Policar  Leon Andrzej Stanny 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(3-4):255-265

The ide Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) belongs to autochthonous, less frequent and vulnerable fish species in the frame of ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic. It was the reason for testing the possibility of captive breeding and production of fry in a controlled environment. The goal of this paper was to find the optimal transfer time of ide larvae from live food (Artemia salina nauplii) to dry starter feed providing good survival and growth. At the end of the experiment, high values of cumulative survival (in percentages) and individual weight (in milligrammes) were found for ide fry in groups D (90.6%, 178.6 mg; 15 days A. salina + 10 days starter feed), A (89.9%, 169.9 mg; A. salina only) and C (88.6%, 160.4 mg; 10 days A. salina + 15 days starter feed). Significantly lower values of the given parameters were found in group B (57.1%, 92.6 mg; 5 days A. salina + 20 days starter feed), and the lowest ones were in group E (29.8%, 75.6 mg; starter feed only). Mean values of the level of ontogenesis at the end of the experiment in fry of A–E groups were analogous to length and weight growth. Groups D, C and A consisted of juveniles only (J1, J2), and groups B and E consisted of larvae and juveniles (L4, L5, L6, J1, J2). Condition and production parameters [Fulton’s coefficient of condition (FWC), total length (TL), weight (w), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), cumulative survival] and relationships between basic lengths TL, fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) were evaluated.  相似文献   

The effect of pest control on the incidence of trichinosis in Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia     

Venus M  Puntaric D  Grgic M  Gmajnic R  Miskulin M 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,156(3-4):226-233

The aim of the study was to assess the role of pest control as a preventive measure in the control of trichinosis. The investigation was designed as a retrospective cohort study in the Virovitica-Podravina County. The incidence of trichinosis was determined according to the presence or absence of exposure to protective pest control measures. Differences in the rate of trichinosis infection were determined by calculating relative risk (RR), i.e., the ratio of absolute risk in the two groups. In this epidemiological study, data collected in the County area regularly covered by pest control (exposure area) were compared with other areas not covered by regular pest control measures (non-exposure area). The study included 132 subjects living in the County and locally infected with trichinosis. Patient data were obtained from their medical history, epidemiological survey and epidemiological questionnaire on the source (autochthony) of the disease. The study also included 133,028 domestic pigs, 875 wild animals (mostly wild boar) and 111 trapped rats. All samples were examined by the method of trichinoscopy at authorized veterinary institutions of the County. Trichinosis infection was recorded in 1012 of 79,534 domestic pigs in the area exposed to pest control measures and in 51 of 53,494 domestic pigs from the rest of the County. RR for the exposure area vs. non-exposure area was 13.35 (95% CI 10.08-17.68; p<0.05); according to particular areas, RR was 3.66 (95% CI 2.62-5.13) for Pitomaca, 22.47 (95% CI 13.27-38.08) for Slatina and 118.89 (95% CI 29.7-476.01) for Orahovica (p<0.05 all). Domestic pigs from the County areas exposed to regular pest control measures had a 13-fold likelihood of infection recorded in pigs from County areas where pest control measures were not or were only occasionally performed. Quite unexpectedly, these results revealed a failure of pest control to reduce the incidence of trichinosis. The spread of trichinosis obviously occurs by some routes obviating the impact of pest control.  相似文献   

Differences in Lead Bioavailability Between a Smelting and a Mining Area     

Rieuwerts  John S.  Farago  Margaret E.  Cikrt  Miroslav  Bencko  Vladimir 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,122(1-2):203-229

Soils and housedusts were collected from three areas of Pribram,an historic metal mining and smelting town in the Czech Republic. The main objectives of the study were: (i) to assessthe influence of physico-chemical form, particle size, soilproperties and contaminant source on Pb bioavailability andexposure risk; (ii) compare the Pb bioavailability data obtainedfrom the mining and smelting areas and assess whether anydifferences observed could be attributed to the factors thoughtto exert an influence. Lead concentrations were highest in thesmelter area. Mining area garden soils also contained elevatedPb concentrations. Solubility of housedust Pb in 0.12 M HCl (asurrogate for stomach acid) was similar in all study areas andwas similar to values reported in the literature. However, 0.12M HCl solubility of garden soil Pb was low in the mining areacompared to the other study areas and compared to other urbanareas. Blood Pb concentrations were also relatively low in themining area compared to the other study areas and the reducedsoil Pb solubility observed in this area was suspected as aninfluencing factor. However, exposure pathways may also beimportant in explaining the differences observed.  相似文献   

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of N-2-(3-methoxy-4-propargyloxy) phenethyl amides. Part 3: stretched and heterocyclic mandelamide oomyceticides     

Lamberth C  Kempf HJ  Kriz M 《Pest management science》2007,63(1):57-62

Novel analogues of mandipropamid have been designed and prepared. The synthetic approach to these stretched and heterocyclic mandelamides is outlined. Biological data demonstrate their high efficacy against important plant diseases like tomato and potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans De Bary) and grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola Berliner & de Toni). Structure-activity relationship studies are discussed.  相似文献   

Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the H5N1 avian influenza virus caused the first highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in poultry in the Czech Republic in 2007     

Nagy A  Vostinakova V  Pindova Z  Hornickova J  Cernikova L  Sedlak K  Mojzis M  Dirbakova Z  Machova J 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,133(3):257-263

On 19th July 2007 re-occurrence of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was noticed in Europe. The index strain of this novel H5N1 lineage was identified in the Czech Republic where it caused historically the first HPAI outbreak in commercial poultry. In the present study we performed molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the index strain of the re-emerging H5N1 virus lineage along with the Czech and the Slovak H5N1 strains collected in 2006 and established the evolutionary relationships to additional viruses circulated in Europe in 2005-2006. Our analysis revealed that the Czech and the Slovak H5N1 viruses collected during 2006 were separated into two sub-clades 2.2.1 and 2.2.2, which predominated in Europe during 2005-2006. On the contrary the newly emerged H5N1 viruses belonged to a clearly distinguishable sub-clade 2.2.3. Within the sub-clade 2.2.3 the Czech H5N1 strains showed the closest relationships to the simultaneously circulated viruses from Germany, Romania and Russia (Krasnodar) in 2007 and were further clustered with the viruses from Afghanistan and Mongolia circulated in 2006. The origin of the Czech 2007 H5N1 HPAI strains was also discussed.  相似文献   

Distribution of Pseudomonas populations harboring phlD or hcnAB biocontrol genes is related to depth in vineyard soils     

Miroslav Svercel  Jérôme Hamelin  Brion Duffy  Geneviève Défago 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(3):466-472

The abundance and population structure of pseudomonads in soils collected from long-(1006 years) and short-(54 years) term grapevine monocultures in Switzerland were examined across five soil horizons within the 1.20-1.35 m range. Soil samples were baited with grapevine, and rhizosphere pseudomonads containing the biocontrol genes phlD (2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol synthesis) and/or hcnAB (hydrogen cyanide synthesis) were analyzed by MPN-PCR. The numbers of total, phlD⁺ and hcnAB⁺ pseudomonads decreased with depth by 1.5-2 log (short-term monoculture) and 3-3.5 log (long-term monoculture). In addition, the percentages of phlD⁺ (except in short-term monoculture) and hcnAB⁺ pseudomonads were also lower in deeper horizons. RFLP-profiling of phlD⁺ and hcnAB⁺ pseudomonads revealed three phlD and twelve hcnAB alleles overall, but the number of alleles for both decreased in relation to depth. The only phlD allele found in deeper horizons was also found in topsoil, whereas one hcnAB allele (k) found in deeper horizons in long-term monoculture was absent in the topsoil. This suggests that certain Pseudomonas ecotypes are adapted to specific depths. Four hcnAB alleles enabled discrimination between monocultures. We conclude that soil depth is a factor selecting phlD and hcnAB genotypes, and that the allelic diversity of the two biocontrol genes decreases with depth.  相似文献   

Grouping pattern of maize test locations and its impact on hybrid zoning     

Milisav Stojaković  Bojan Mitrović  Miroslav Zorić  Mile Ivanović  Dušan Stanisavljević  Aleksandra Nastasić  Dejan Dodig 《Euphytica》2015,204(2):419-431

  相似文献   

Isolation and computer analysis of the 5'-regulatory region of the seed storage protein gene from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)     

Milisavljević MDj  Konstantinović MM  Brkljacić JM  Maksimović VR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2076-2080

Using the modified rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) approach, a fragment containing the 955 bp long 5'-regulatory region of the buckwheat storage globulin gene (FeLEG1) has been amplified from the genomic DNA of buckwheat. The entire fragment was sequenced, and the sequence was analyzed by computer prediction of cis-regulatory elements possibly involved in tissue-specific and developmentally controlled seed storage protein gene expression. The promoter obtained might be interesting not only for fundamental research but also as a useful tool for biotechnological application.  相似文献   

A kinetic framework for a mammalian RNA polymerase in vivo     

Dundr M  Hoffmann-Rohrer U  Hu Q  Grummt I  Rothblum LI  Phair RD  Misteli T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5598):1623-1626

We have analyzed the kinetics of assembly and elongation of the mammalian RNA polymerase I complex on endogenous ribosomal genes in the nuclei of living cells with the use of in vivo microscopy. We show that components of the RNA polymerase I machinery are brought to ribosomal genes as distinct subunits and that assembly occurs via metastable intermediates. With the use of computational modeling of imaging data, we have determined the in vivo elongation time of the polymerase, and measurements of recruitment and incorporation frequencies show that incorporation of components into the assembling polymerase is inefficient. Our data provide a kinetic and mechanistic framework for the function of a mammalian RNA polymerase in living cells.  相似文献   

Bacterial sex: playing voyeurs 50 years later     

Kohiyama M  Hiraga S  Matic I  Radman M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5634):802-803

The concept of chromosomes with a ring structure was born during the early studies of bacterial sexuality, and the discovery of fertility factors- episomes or plasmids-provided much later the key tools for gene cloning and biotechnology. But the plasmid-mediated transfer of antibiotic and other resistances, as well as pathogenicity, has served bacteria well in their own adaptive evolution.  相似文献